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This monograph discusses modeling, adaptive discretisation techniques and the numerical solution of fluid structure interaction. An emphasis in part I lies on innovative discretisation and advanced interface resolution techniques. The second part covers the efficient and robust numerical solution of fluid-structure interaction. In part III, recent advances in the application fields vascular flows, binary-fluid-solid interaction, and coupling to fractures in the solid part are presented. Moreover each chapter provides a comprehensive overview in the respective topics including many references to concurring state-of-the art work. ContentsPart I: Modeling and discretizationOn the implementation and benchmarking of an extended ALE method for FSI problemsThe locally adapted parametric finite element method for interface problems on triangular meshesAn accurate Eulerian approach for fluid-structure interactions Part II: SolversNumerical methods for unsteady thermal fluid structure interactionRecent development of robust monolithic fluid-structure interaction solversA monolithic FSI solver applied to the FSI 1,2,3 benchmarks Part III: ApplicationsFluid-structure interaction for vascular flows: From supercomputers to laptopsBinary-fluid-solid interaction based on the Navier-Stokes-Cahn-Hilliard EquationsCoupling fluid-structure interaction with phase-field fracture: Algorithmic details

Fluid-structure interaction --- Fluid-structure interaction. --- discretisations. --- modeling. --- multi-physics. --- phase-field models.

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Ultra-precision machining is a multi-disciplinary research area that is an important branch of manufacturing technology. It targets achieving ultra-precision form or surface roughness accuracy, forming the backbone and support of today’s innovative technology industries in aerospace, semiconductors, optics, telecommunications, energy, etc. The increasing demand for components with ultra-precision accuracy has stimulated the development of ultra-precision machining technology in recent decades. Accordingly, this Special Issue includes reviews and regular research papers on the frontiers of ultra-precision machining and will serve as a platform for the communication of the latest development and innovations of ultra-precision machining technologies.

Technology: general issues --- History of engineering & technology --- fused silica --- small-scale damage --- magnetorheological removing method --- combined repairing process --- evolution law --- diamond grinding --- single crystal silicon --- subsurface damage --- crystal orientation --- spherical shell --- thin-walled part --- wall-thickness --- benchmark coincidence --- data processing --- ultra-precision machining --- computer-controlled optical surfacing --- dwell time algorithm --- removal function --- elementary approximation --- atmospheric pressure plasma jet --- continuous phase plate --- surface topography --- high accuracy and efficiency --- polar microstructures --- optimization --- machining parameters --- cutting strategy --- flexible grinding --- shear thickening fluid --- cluster effect --- high-shear low-pressure --- aluminum --- ion beam sputtering --- morphology evolution --- molecular dynamics --- electrochemical discharge machining (ECDM) --- material removal rate (MRR) --- electrode wear ratio (EWR) --- overcut (OC) --- electrical properties --- tool material --- diamond tool --- single-point diamond turning --- lubricant --- ferrous metal --- electrorheological polishing --- polishing tool --- roughness --- integrated electrode --- Nano-ZrO2 ceramics --- ultra-precision grinding --- surface residual material --- surface quality --- three-dimensional surface roughness --- reversal method --- eccentricity --- piezoelectric actuator --- flange --- dynamic modeling --- surface characterization --- cutting forces --- tool servo diamond cutting --- data-dependent systems --- surface topography variation --- microstructured surfaces --- microlens array --- three-dimensional elliptical vibration cutting --- piezoelectric hysteresis --- Bouc-Wen model --- flower pollination algorithm --- dynamic switching probability strategy --- parameter identification --- atom probe tomography (APT) --- single-wedge --- lift-out --- focused ion beam (FIB) --- Al/Ni multilayers --- vibration-assisted electrochemical machining (ECM) --- blisk --- narrow channel --- high aspect ratio --- multi-physics coupling simulation --- machining stability --- fused silica --- small-scale damage --- magnetorheological removing method --- combined repairing process --- evolution law --- diamond grinding --- single crystal silicon --- subsurface damage --- crystal orientation --- spherical shell --- thin-walled part --- wall-thickness --- benchmark coincidence --- data processing --- ultra-precision machining --- computer-controlled optical surfacing --- dwell time algorithm --- removal function --- elementary approximation --- atmospheric pressure plasma jet --- continuous phase plate --- surface topography --- high accuracy and efficiency --- polar microstructures --- optimization --- machining parameters --- cutting strategy --- flexible grinding --- shear thickening fluid --- cluster effect --- high-shear low-pressure --- aluminum --- ion beam sputtering --- morphology evolution --- molecular dynamics --- electrochemical discharge machining (ECDM) --- material removal rate (MRR) --- electrode wear ratio (EWR) --- overcut (OC) --- electrical properties --- tool material --- diamond tool --- single-point diamond turning --- lubricant --- ferrous metal --- electrorheological polishing --- polishing tool --- roughness --- integrated electrode --- Nano-ZrO2 ceramics --- ultra-precision grinding --- surface residual material --- surface quality --- three-dimensional surface roughness --- reversal method --- eccentricity --- piezoelectric actuator --- flange --- dynamic modeling --- surface characterization --- cutting forces --- tool servo diamond cutting --- data-dependent systems --- surface topography variation --- microstructured surfaces --- microlens array --- three-dimensional elliptical vibration cutting --- piezoelectric hysteresis --- Bouc-Wen model --- flower pollination algorithm --- dynamic switching probability strategy --- parameter identification --- atom probe tomography (APT) --- single-wedge --- lift-out --- focused ion beam (FIB) --- Al/Ni multilayers --- vibration-assisted electrochemical machining (ECM) --- blisk --- narrow channel --- high aspect ratio --- multi-physics coupling simulation --- machining stability

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This book, which is a reprint of articles published in the Special Issue "Advances in Hydrogen Energy" in Energies, seeks to contribute to disseminating the most recent advancements in the field of hydrogen energy. It does so by presenting scientific works from around the world covering both modeling and experimental analysis. The focus is placed on research covering all aspects of the hydrogen energy, from production to storage and final use, including the development of other easy to transport and versatile hydrogen-based energy carriers via the power-to-x (PtX) route, such as ammonia and methanol.Hydrogen energy research and development has attracted growing attention as one of the key solutions for clean future energy systems. In order to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, governments across the world are developing ambitious policies to support hydrogen technology, and an increasing level of funding has been allocated for projects of research, development, and demonstration of these technologies. At the same time, the private sector is capitalizing on the opportunity with larger investments in hydrogen technology solutions.While intense research activities have been dedicated to this field, several issues require further research prior to achieving full commercialization of hydrogen technology solutions. This book addresses some of these issues by presenting detailed models to optimize design strategies and operating conditions for the entire hydrogen value chain, covering production via electrolysis, storage and use in different types of fuel cells and in different forms of energy carriers.

Technology: general issues --- methanol steam reforming --- hydrogen production --- exhaust waste heat --- rib microreactor --- air-cooled proton exchange membrane fuel cells --- adiabatic fuel cell temperature --- thermodynamic analysis of proton exchange membrane fuel cells --- ammonia --- hydrogen --- production --- storage --- utilization --- CO2 free --- hydrogen storage --- hydrogen compression --- non-mechanical compressors --- electrochemical compressors --- activated carbons --- computational analysis --- high-pressure methanol steam reformer --- phase change heat transfer --- high pressure steam condensation --- high temperature PEM --- fuel cell --- electro-osmotic drag --- polymer electrolyte membrane --- proton exchange membrane fuel cells --- proton exchange membrane electrolyzer cells --- membrane water transport --- elementary reactions steps --- rate-determining step --- solid oxide electrolysis cell --- multi-physics --- optimal rib/pitch ratio --- parameters sensitivity --- analytical expression --- SOFC --- system --- model --- stack test --- hydrogen systems --- cryogenics --- vortex tubes --- computational fluid dynamics --- low melting metal --- Al-based alloy --- metal smelting --- fuel cells --- hydrogen hybrid energy system --- thermography --- CFD modeling --- heat transfer --- optimization --- PEM --- fault --- diagnosis --- electrochemical impedance spectroscopy --- distribution of relaxation times --- reformate --- proton exchange membrane fuel cell --- gas diffusion layer --- microscopic porous layer --- fracture --- two phase flow

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Ultra-precision machining is a multi-disciplinary research area that is an important branch of manufacturing technology. It targets achieving ultra-precision form or surface roughness accuracy, forming the backbone and support of today’s innovative technology industries in aerospace, semiconductors, optics, telecommunications, energy, etc. The increasing demand for components with ultra-precision accuracy has stimulated the development of ultra-precision machining technology in recent decades. Accordingly, this Special Issue includes reviews and regular research papers on the frontiers of ultra-precision machining and will serve as a platform for the communication of the latest development and innovations of ultra-precision machining technologies.

fused silica --- small-scale damage --- magnetorheological removing method --- combined repairing process --- evolution law --- diamond grinding --- single crystal silicon --- subsurface damage --- crystal orientation --- spherical shell --- thin-walled part --- wall-thickness --- benchmark coincidence --- data processing --- ultra-precision machining --- computer-controlled optical surfacing --- dwell time algorithm --- removal function --- elementary approximation --- atmospheric pressure plasma jet --- continuous phase plate --- surface topography --- high accuracy and efficiency --- polar microstructures --- optimization --- machining parameters --- cutting strategy --- flexible grinding --- shear thickening fluid --- cluster effect --- high-shear low-pressure --- aluminum --- ion beam sputtering --- morphology evolution --- molecular dynamics --- electrochemical discharge machining (ECDM) --- material removal rate (MRR) --- electrode wear ratio (EWR) --- overcut (OC) --- electrical properties --- tool material --- diamond tool --- single-point diamond turning --- lubricant --- ferrous metal --- electrorheological polishing --- polishing tool --- roughness --- integrated electrode --- Nano-ZrO2 ceramics --- ultra-precision grinding --- surface residual material --- surface quality --- three-dimensional surface roughness --- reversal method --- eccentricity --- piezoelectric actuator --- flange --- dynamic modeling --- surface characterization --- cutting forces --- tool servo diamond cutting --- data-dependent systems --- surface topography variation --- microstructured surfaces --- microlens array --- three-dimensional elliptical vibration cutting --- piezoelectric hysteresis --- Bouc–Wen model --- flower pollination algorithm --- dynamic switching probability strategy --- parameter identification --- atom probe tomography (APT) --- single-wedge --- lift-out --- focused ion beam (FIB) --- Al/Ni multilayers --- vibration-assisted electrochemical machining (ECM) --- blisk --- narrow channel --- high aspect ratio --- multi-physics coupling simulation --- machining stability --- n/a --- Bouc-Wen model

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Modern power and energy systems are characterized by the wide integration of distributed generation, storage and electric vehicles, adoption of ICT solutions, and interconnection of different energy carriers and consumer engagement, posing new challenges and creating new opportunities. Advanced testing and validation methods are needed to efficiently validate power equipment and controls in the contemporary complex environment and support the transition to a cleaner and sustainable energy system. Real-time hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) simulation has proven to be an effective method for validating and de-risking power system equipment in highly realistic, flexible, and repeatable conditions. Controller hardware-in-the-loop (CHIL) and power hardware-in-the-loop (PHIL) are the two main HIL simulation methods used in industry and academia that contribute to system-level testing enhancement by exploiting the flexibility of digital simulations in testing actual controllers and power equipment. This book addresses recent advances in real-time HIL simulation in several domains (also in new and promising areas), including technique improvements to promote its wider use. It is composed of 14 papers dealing with advances in HIL testing of power electronic converters, power system protection, modeling for real-time digital simulation, co-simulation, geographically distributed HIL, and multiphysics HIL, among other topics.

design methodology --- FPGA --- hardware in the loop --- LabVIEW --- real-time simulation --- power converters --- HIL --- CHIL --- integrated laboratories --- real-time communication platform --- power system testing --- co-simulation --- geographically distributed simulations --- power system protection and control --- holistic testing --- lab testing --- field testing --- PHIL --- PSIL --- pre-certification --- smart grids --- standards --- replica controller --- TCSC --- DPT --- testing --- control and protection --- large-scale power system --- voltage regulation --- distribution system --- power hardware-in-the-loop --- distributed energy resources --- extremum seeking control --- particle swarm optimization --- state estimation --- reactive power support --- volt–VAR --- model-based design --- multi physics simulation --- marine propulsion --- ship dynamic --- DC microgrid --- shipboard power systems --- under-frequency load shedding --- intelligent electronic device --- proof of concept --- hardware-in-the-loop testing --- real-time digital simulator --- frequency stability margin --- rate-of-change-of-frequency --- geographically distributed real-time simulation --- remote power hardware-in-the-Loop --- grid-forming converter --- hardware-in-the-loop --- simulation fidelity --- energy-based metric --- energy residual --- quasi-stationary --- Hardware-in-the-Loop (HIL) --- Control HIL (CHIL) --- Power HIL (PHIL) --- testing of smart grid technologies --- power electronics --- shifted frequency analysis --- dynamic phasors --- real-time hybrid-simulator (RTHS) --- hybrid simulation --- hardware-in-the-loop simulation (HILS) --- dynamic performance test (DPT) --- real-time simulator (RTS) --- testing of replicas --- multi-rate simulation --- EMT --- control --- inverters --- inverter-dominated grids --- power system transients --- predictive control --- hydro-electric plant --- variable speed operation --- ‘Hill Charts’ --- reduced-scale model --- testing and validation