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Remote sensing is being actively researched in the fields of environment, military and urban planning through technologies such as monitoring of natural climate phenomena on the earth, land cover classification, and object detection. Recently, satellites equipped with observation cameras of various resolutions were launched, and remote sensing images are acquired by various observation methods including cluster satellites. However, the atmospheric and environmental conditions present in the observed scene degrade the quality of images or interrupt the capture of the Earth's surface information. One method to overcome this is by generating synthetic images through image simulation. Synthetic images can be generated by using statistical or knowledge-based models or by using spectral and optic-based models to create a simulated image in place of the unobtained image at a required time. Various proposed methodologies will provide economical utility in the generation of image learning materials and time series data through image simulation. The 6 published articles cover various topics and applications central to Remote sensing image simulation. Although submission to this Special Issue is now closed, the need for further in-depth research and development related to image simulation of High-spatial and spectral resolution, sensor fusion and colorization remains.I would like to take this opportunity to express my most profound appreciation to the MDPI Book staff, the editorial team of Applied Sciences journal, especially Ms. Nimo Lang, the assistant editor of this Special Issue, talented authors, and professional reviewers.

Technology: general issues --- History of engineering & technology --- image fusion --- random forest regression --- SAR image --- panchromatic image --- high-resolution --- multi-beam LiDAR --- in situ self-calibration --- mobile mapping system --- 3D point cloud --- backpack-based mapping --- aerial orthoimage --- Sentinel-2 --- super-resolution --- image simulation --- residual U-Net --- interferometry --- remote sensing --- computational simulation --- denoising --- detection --- SAR imagery --- fusing region proposals --- KOMPSAT-3A --- strip --- sensor modeling --- RPCs --- mosaic --- matching --- discrepancy --- image fusion --- random forest regression --- SAR image --- panchromatic image --- high-resolution --- multi-beam LiDAR --- in situ self-calibration --- mobile mapping system --- 3D point cloud --- backpack-based mapping --- aerial orthoimage --- Sentinel-2 --- super-resolution --- image simulation --- residual U-Net --- interferometry --- remote sensing --- computational simulation --- denoising --- detection --- SAR imagery --- fusing region proposals --- KOMPSAT-3A --- strip --- sensor modeling --- RPCs --- mosaic --- matching --- discrepancy

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This volume collects papers dealing with the integrated study of emerged and submerged areas, by means of different approaches and techniques. It shows the reasons why the integration of terrestrial and marine datasets would be desirable in geoenvironmental studies, and demonstrates how such an integration is unquestionably beneficial in modern research, ranging from Late Quaternary landscape evolution to geohazards, geomorphological mapping, geoarchaeology, geoheritage and geodiversity, and marine benthic habitat mapping.

Research & information: general --- coastal landscape evolution --- Roman harbours --- archaeological sea level marker --- cultural heritage documentation --- unmanned surface vessel --- remote sensing of acoustic and optical data --- 3D photogrammetric point cloud --- water resources --- geodiversity assessment --- geosystem services --- geoheritage --- hydro-geodiversity --- Sesia Val Grande UNESCO Global Geopark --- underwater geoheritage --- geosites --- geomorphological survey --- geotourism --- Portofino Park --- Italy --- rocky coast --- extreme waves --- active erosion --- geohazard --- Croatia --- morphostratigraphy --- sea-level changes --- marine terraces --- river incisions --- Adriatic Sea --- coastal geomorphology --- submarine geomorphology --- cliffs --- Cilento --- southern Italy --- geomorphometry --- seafloor mapping --- spatial analysis --- algal reefs --- bioconstruction volume --- multibeam bathymetry --- sound velocity --- Quaternary sediment --- submerged alluvial plain --- coastal morphodynamics --- climate change --- vulnerability index --- Gozo --- Malta --- terrestrial geomorphology --- white ribbon --- paleo-geography --- coastal management --- eastern Adriatic coast --- estuary --- sea-level rise --- tufa --- multi-beam --- sub-bottom profiler --- holocene --- Last Glacial Maximum --- Sardinia --- Sumatra --- barrier island --- earthquake --- tsunami --- land subsidence --- liquefaction --- morphology resilience --- GIS --- sea level oscillation --- Tyrrhenian margin --- n/a

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This volume collects papers dealing with the integrated study of emerged and submerged areas, by means of different approaches and techniques. It shows the reasons why the integration of terrestrial and marine datasets would be desirable in geoenvironmental studies, and demonstrates how such an integration is unquestionably beneficial in modern research, ranging from Late Quaternary landscape evolution to geohazards, geomorphological mapping, geoarchaeology, geoheritage and geodiversity, and marine benthic habitat mapping.

Research & information: general --- coastal landscape evolution --- Roman harbours --- archaeological sea level marker --- cultural heritage documentation --- unmanned surface vessel --- remote sensing of acoustic and optical data --- 3D photogrammetric point cloud --- water resources --- geodiversity assessment --- geosystem services --- geoheritage --- hydro-geodiversity --- Sesia Val Grande UNESCO Global Geopark --- underwater geoheritage --- geosites --- geomorphological survey --- geotourism --- Portofino Park --- Italy --- rocky coast --- extreme waves --- active erosion --- geohazard --- Croatia --- morphostratigraphy --- sea-level changes --- marine terraces --- river incisions --- Adriatic Sea --- coastal geomorphology --- submarine geomorphology --- cliffs --- Cilento --- southern Italy --- geomorphometry --- seafloor mapping --- spatial analysis --- algal reefs --- bioconstruction volume --- multibeam bathymetry --- sound velocity --- Quaternary sediment --- submerged alluvial plain --- coastal morphodynamics --- climate change --- vulnerability index --- Gozo --- Malta --- terrestrial geomorphology --- white ribbon --- paleo-geography --- coastal management --- eastern Adriatic coast --- estuary --- sea-level rise --- tufa --- multi-beam --- sub-bottom profiler --- holocene --- Last Glacial Maximum --- Sardinia --- Sumatra --- barrier island --- earthquake --- tsunami --- land subsidence --- liquefaction --- morphology resilience --- GIS --- sea level oscillation --- Tyrrhenian margin --- coastal landscape evolution --- Roman harbours --- archaeological sea level marker --- cultural heritage documentation --- unmanned surface vessel --- remote sensing of acoustic and optical data --- 3D photogrammetric point cloud --- water resources --- geodiversity assessment --- geosystem services --- geoheritage --- hydro-geodiversity --- Sesia Val Grande UNESCO Global Geopark --- underwater geoheritage --- geosites --- geomorphological survey --- geotourism --- Portofino Park --- Italy --- rocky coast --- extreme waves --- active erosion --- geohazard --- Croatia --- morphostratigraphy --- sea-level changes --- marine terraces --- river incisions --- Adriatic Sea --- coastal geomorphology --- submarine geomorphology --- cliffs --- Cilento --- southern Italy --- geomorphometry --- seafloor mapping --- spatial analysis --- algal reefs --- bioconstruction volume --- multibeam bathymetry --- sound velocity --- Quaternary sediment --- submerged alluvial plain --- coastal morphodynamics --- climate change --- vulnerability index --- Gozo --- Malta --- terrestrial geomorphology --- white ribbon --- paleo-geography --- coastal management --- eastern Adriatic coast --- estuary --- sea-level rise --- tufa --- multi-beam --- sub-bottom profiler --- holocene --- Last Glacial Maximum --- Sardinia --- Sumatra --- barrier island --- earthquake --- tsunami --- land subsidence --- liquefaction --- morphology resilience --- GIS --- sea level oscillation --- Tyrrhenian margin

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Geomorphometry is the science of quantitative terrain characterization and analysis, and has traditionally focused on the investigation of terrestrial and planetary landscapes. However, applications of marine geomorphometry have now moved beyond the simple adoption of techniques developed for terrestrial studies, driven by the rise in the acquisition of high-resolution seafloor data and by the availability of user-friendly spatial analytical tools. Considering that the seafloor represents 71% of the surface of our planet, this is an important step towards understanding the Earth in its entirety.This volume is the first one dedicated to marine applications of geomorphometry. It showcases studies addressing the five steps of geomorphometry: sampling a surface (e.g., the seafloor), generating a Digital Terrain Model (DTM) from samples, preprocessing the DTM for subsequent analyses (e.g., correcting for errors and artifacts), deriving terrain attributes and/or extracting terrain features from the DTM, and using and explaining those terrain attributes and features in a given context. Throughout these studies, authors address a range of challenges and issues associated with applying geomorphometric techniques to the complex marine environment, including issues related to spatial scale, data quality, and linking seafloor topography with physical, geological, biological, and ecological processes. As marine geomorphometry becomes increasingly recognized as a sub-discipline of geomorphometry, this volume brings together a collection of research articles that reflect the types of studies that are helping to chart the course for the future of marine geomorphometry.

geomorphology --- simulation --- accuracy --- spatial scale --- marine geomorphology --- surface roughness --- forage fish --- satellite imagery --- thalwegs --- digital elevation models (DEMs) --- Seabed 2030 --- Pacific sand lance --- Acoustic applications --- python --- Nippon Foundation/GEBCO --- Oceanic Shoals Australian Marine Park --- submarine topography --- multi beam echosounder --- sedimentation --- bedforms --- carbonate banks --- polychaete --- cold-water coral --- multiscale --- automated-mapping --- semi-automated mapping --- sediment habitats --- Atlantic Ocean --- Northwestern Australia --- random forest --- benthic habitat mapping --- paleoclimate --- submerged glacial bedforms --- seafloor --- currents --- Cenomanian–Turonian --- Multibeam bathymetry --- geomorphometry --- ArcGIS --- filter --- seabed mapping --- coral reefs --- eastern Brazilian shelf --- digital terrain analysis --- multibeam spatial resolution --- multibeam --- multibeam sonar --- Timor Sea --- seafloor geomorphometry --- shelf-slope-rise --- terrain analysis --- seafloor mapping technologies --- spatial analysis --- Canary Basin --- paleobathymetry --- Bonaparte Basin --- pockmarks --- benthic habitats --- Malin Basin --- geographic object-based image analysis --- seafloor mapping standards and protocols --- GIS --- Bering Sea --- object segmentation --- Barents Sea --- bathymetry --- carbonate mound --- underwater acoustics --- integration artefacts --- multibeam echosounder --- domes --- global bathymetry --- Random Forests --- North Sea --- spatial prediction --- Glaciated Margin --- marine geology --- image segmentation --- shelf morphology --- Alaska --- paleoceanography --- confidence --- swath geometry --- volcanoes --- deglaciation --- Cretaceous --- DEM --- habitat mapping --- marine remote sensing --- reconstruction --- acoustic-seismic profiling --- canyons

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Multiple-input, multiple-output (MIMO), which transmits multiple data streams via multiple antenna elements, is one of the most attractive technologies in the wireless communication field. Its extension, called ‘massive MIMO’ or ‘large-scale MIMO’, in which base station has over one hundred of the antenna elements, is now seen as a promising candidate to realize 5G and beyond, as well as 6G mobile communications. It has been the first decade since its fundamental concept emerged. This Special Issue consists of 19 papers and each of them focuses on a popular topic related to massive MIMO systems, e.g. analog/digital hybrid signal processing, antenna fabrication, and machine learning incorporation. These achievements could boost its realization and deepen the academic and industrial knowledge of this field.

distributed massive MIMO --- phase noise --- amplified thermal noise --- spectral efficiency --- 5G --- massive MIMO --- computational efficiency --- precoding algorithms --- channel estimation --- far-field --- antenna array --- diagnosis procedure --- noisy data --- BCS --- millimeter-wave --- energy efficiency --- pilot contamination --- quantization noise --- massive multi-input multi-output (MIMO) --- distributed antenna systems (DAS) --- sounding reference signal (SRS) --- Massive MIMO --- pilot decontamination --- MSE --- dynamic user scheduling --- dynamic pilot allocation --- beamforming --- line-of-sight --- Ricean fading --- frequency-selective --- power scaling --- hybrid beamforming --- HetNets --- mmWaves --- analog multi-beam --- hybrid beam-forming --- PHY layer --- MAC layer --- pilot assignment --- large-scale fading coefficients --- Bayesian inference --- overcomplete dictionary --- diamond-ring slot --- dual-polarized antenna --- mobile-phone antenna --- pattern diversity --- Metamaterials (MTM) --- leaky-wave antenna (LWA) --- antenna arrays --- substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) --- transverse slots --- beam-scanning --- mutual coupling isolation --- millimetre-wave --- composite right/left-handed transmission line (CRLH-TL) --- 5G wireless networks --- non-coherent detection --- QAM --- multi-user MIMO --- space division multiple access (SDMA) --- block diagonalization (BD) --- non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) --- broadcast channel --- discontinuous deception --- multiple beam communications --- artificial intelligence --- wireless communications --- non-orthogonal unicast and multicast transmission --- statistical channel state information --- beam domain --- massive MIMO systems --- MIDE algorithm --- low computational complexity --- BER --- resource allocation --- n/a