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This volume aims to address Foucault’s philosophical lectures by explaining some of the real and discursive practices addressed in the tome: madness, medicine, human sciences, prison and sexuality. The approach which underlies this work readily accepts the hypothesis of a positivity of confrontations, or even contradictions, but it does so by being aware of a common vision which transcends diversity. By entering into dialogue with the Foucault who himself engages in dialogue with the Kant of What is enlightenment? it explains the connection between the philosopher’s writing, its relationship to political action, its perception of the present day and its convictions with regard to the social function which is assigned to it.

Philosophy & Religion --- Philosophy --- Foucault, Michel, --- Fūkūh, Mīshīl, --- Foucault, Michael, --- Fuko, Mišel, --- Pʻukʻo, --- Pʻukʻo, Misyel, --- Phoukō, Misel, --- Fuke --- 福柯 --- Fuḳo, Mishel, --- modernité philosophique --- panoptique --- histoire de la philosophie

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Comment la modernité philosophique, articulation d’une catégorie historique désignant les XVIIe et XVIIIe siècles et d’une démarche de rupture philosophique et scientifique avec les acquis aristotéliciens, peut-elle être incarnée exemplairement par des philosophes aussi différents que Bacon et Descartes ? Elle est souvent reconstituée de manière fictionnelle dans les termes d’un programme de recherche d’une emprise de l’homme sur la nature par la technique, élaboré par chacun de ces auteurs. Le caractère bien plus complexe de sa genèse réelle est rendu ici intelligible par une démarche dialectique, qui permet de reconstituer le tissu intellectuel liant ces deux penseurs et d’examiner en quoi se conviennent et s’opposent leurs conceptualités respectives. Les contributions présentées dans le volume montrent ainsi que l’histoire de la philosophie moderne est structurée par deux orientations de pensée articulées et s’influençant l’une l’autre, le rationalisme et l’empirisme. Why are Bacon and Descartes, who belong to two different philosophical traditions, often regarded as having laid out the agenda for modern philosophy? It is true that they have rejected Aristotelism and that they have elaborated on the power of man over nature and on the importance of technique. However, the genesis of modern philosophy is a much more complex process, as the essays collected in this volume intend to show, by shedding light on the intellectual connections between these two philosophers, a question rarely treated in the existing literature. The resort to a dialectical methodology reveals the extent to which the history of modern philosophy is structured by two ways of thinking, which develop thanks to each other, namely, rationalism and empiricism.

Philosophy, Modern - 17th century - Congresses --- Bacon, Francis, - 1561-1626 - Criticism and interpretation - Congresses --- Descartes, René, - 1596-1650 - Criticism and interpretation - Congresses --- Modernité. --- Bacon, Francis, --- Descartes, René --- Philosophy --- philosophie --- Bacon (Francis) --- modernité philosophique --- Descartes (René) --- early-modern philosophy --- rationalism --- empiricism --- Modernité. --- Descartes, René, --- Philosophy, Modern --- Bacon, Francis, - 1561-1626 --- Descartes, René, - 1596-1650