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This is a concise, comprehensive, and accessible introduction to the philosophy of biology written by a leading authority on the subject. Geared to philosophers, biologists, and students of both, the book provides sophisticated and innovative coverage of the central topics and many of the latest developments in the field. Emphasizing connections between biological theories and other areas of philosophy, and carefully explaining both philosophical and biological terms, Peter Godfrey-Smith discusses the relation between philosophy and science; examines the role of laws, mechanistic explanation, and idealized models in biological theories; describes evolution by natural selection; and assesses attempts to extend Darwin’s mechanism to explain changes in ideas, culture, and other phenomena. Further topics include functions and teleology, individuality and organisms, species, the tree of life, and human nature. The book closes with detailed, cutting-edge treatments of the evolution of cooperation, of information in biology, and of the role of communication in living systems at all scales.Authoritative and up-to-date, this is an essential guide for anyone interested in the important philosophical issues raised by the biological sciences.

Biology --- Philosophy --- Biology - Philosophy --- Vitalism --- Philosophy. --- Allele. --- Altruism. --- Ambiguity. --- Asexual reproduction. --- Bacteria. --- Behavior. --- Ben Kerr. --- Biological Theory (journal). --- Biologist. --- Biology. --- Causality. --- Cell biology. --- Cell division. --- Ceteris paribus. --- Charles Darwin. --- Chromosome. --- Cistron. --- Cladistics. --- Common descent. --- Computation. --- Cooperation. --- Copying. --- Darwinism. --- Derek. --- Developmental biology. --- Ecology. --- Elliott Sober. --- Emergence. --- Eukaryote. --- Evolution of the eye. --- Evolution. --- Evolutionary biology. --- Evolutionary game theory. --- Explanation. --- Fitness (biology). --- Further (bus). --- Gene Frequency. --- Gene expression. --- Gene pool. --- Gene product. --- Gene. --- Genotype. --- Gregor Mendel. --- Harvard University. --- Idealization. --- Interactor. --- John Maynard Smith. --- Kim Sterelny. --- Kin selection. --- Kleiber's law. --- Kritika (journal). --- Marc Ereshefsky. --- Mating. --- Mendelian inheritance. --- Metabolism. --- Model organism. --- Molecular biology. --- Molecule. --- Multicellular organism. --- Natural selection. --- Nucleic acid sequence. --- Nucleotide. --- On the Origin of Species. --- Organism. --- Phenotype. --- Phenotypic plasticity. --- Philosopher. --- Philosophy of biology. --- Philosophy of science. --- Phylogenetics. --- Phylum. --- Physical law. --- Plant breeding. --- Prisoner's dilemma. --- Probability. --- Protein. --- RNA. --- Regulation of gene expression. --- Reproduction. --- Reproductive success. --- Result. --- Ribosome. --- Richard Dawkins. --- Scientist. --- Sexual reproduction. --- Single-nucleotide polymorphism. --- Skillings. --- Species. --- Spontaneous generation. --- Stanford University. --- Student (magazine). --- The Philosopher. --- Theory. --- Trade-off. --- Trait theory. --- Unit of selection. --- Universal Darwinism. --- Weisberg. --- Willi Hennig. --- Writing.

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A revelatory tale of how the human brain develops, from conception to birth and beyondBy the time a baby is born, its brain is equipped with billions of intricately crafted neurons wired together through trillions of interconnections to form a compact and breathtakingly efficient supercomputer. Zero to Birth takes you on an extraordinary journey to the very edge of creation, from the moment of an egg’s fertilization through each step of a human brain’s development in the womb—and even a little beyond.As pioneering experimental neurobiologist W. A. Harris guides you through the process of how the brain is built, he takes up the biggest questions that scientists have asked about the developing brain, describing many of the thrilling discoveries that were foundational to our current understanding. He weaves in a remarkable evolutionary story that begins billions of years ago in the Proterozoic eon, when multicellular animals first emerged from single-cell organisms, and reveals how the growth of a fetal brain over nine months reflects the brain’s evolution through the ages. Our brains have much in common with those of other animals, and Harris offers an illuminating look at how comparative animal studies have been crucial to understanding what makes a human brain human.An unforgettable chronicle of one of nature’s greatest achievements, Zero to Birth describes how the brain’s incredible feat of orchestrated growth ensures that every brain is unique, and how breakthroughs at the frontiers of science are helping us to decode many traits that only reveal themselves later in life.

SCIENCE / Life Sciences / Neuroscience. --- Action potential. --- Agrin. --- Angiogenesis. --- Antibody. --- Apoptosis. --- Astrocyte. --- Axon guidance. --- Axon. --- Blastula. --- Brain asymmetry. --- Broca's area. --- Cancer cell. --- Cell type. --- Cerebral atrophy. --- Cerebral cortex. --- Charles Darwin. --- Chemical synapse. --- Critical period. --- Cyclopamine. --- Degenerative disease. --- Dendrite. --- Down syndrome. --- Ectoderm. --- Embryo. --- Embryology. --- Endocrinology. --- Eric Knudsen. --- Evolution. --- FOXP2. --- Filopodia. --- Forebrain. --- Ganglion cell. --- Gastrulation. --- Gene. --- Growth cone. --- Hans Spemann. --- Hebbian theory. --- Hindbrain. --- Hirschsprung's disease. --- Homeosis. --- Hox gene. --- Human brain. --- Immortalised cell line. --- John Gurdon. --- Lancelot Hogben. --- Lateralization of brain function. --- Marian Diamond. --- Midbrain. --- Model organism. --- Morphogen. --- Motor neuron. --- Muscle. --- Myocyte. --- Nematode. --- Nervous tissue. --- Neural crest. --- Neural development. --- Neural plate. --- Neural stem cell. --- Neural tube defect. --- Neural tube. --- Neuroblast. --- Neuroblastoma. --- Neuroepithelial cell. --- Neuroglia. --- Neuroimaging. --- Neuron doctrine. --- Neuron. --- Organoid. --- Petri dish. --- Progenitor cell. --- Proneural genes. --- Protein. --- Protocadherin. --- Purkinje cell. --- Reeler. --- Reelin. --- Renshaw cell. --- Reticular theory. --- Retinoic acid. --- Roel Nusse. --- Ross Granville Harrison. --- Sarcoma. --- Sonic hedgehog. --- Spina bifida. --- Spinal cord. --- Spindle apparatus. --- Stem cell. --- Sydney Brenner. --- Synapsis. --- Synaptic plasticity. --- Thomas Hunt Morgan. --- Thrombospondin. --- Torsten Wiesel. --- Transformation (genetics). --- Twin. --- Vertebrate. --- Visual word form area. --- White blood cell. --- Zygote. --- Brain --- Growth. --- Neuronal Plasticity --- SCIENCE / Life Sciences / Neuroscience --- SCIENCE / Life Sciences / Developmental Biology --- growth & development --- embryology --- physiology

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"Bridging the social and life sciences to unlock the mystery of how cities shape mental health and illness Most of the world's people now live in cities and millions have moved from the countryside to the rapidly growing megacities of the global south. How does the urban experience shape the mental lives of those living in and moving to cities today? Sociologists study cities as centers of personal progress and social innovation, but also exclusion, racism, and inequality. Psychiatrists try to explain the high rates of mental disorders among urban dwellers, especially migrants. But the split between the social and life sciences has hindered understanding of how urban experience is written into the bodies and brains of urbanites. In The Urban Brain, Nikolas Rose and Des Fitzgerald seek to revive the collaboration between sociology and psychiatry about these critical questions. Reexamining the relationship between the city and the brain, Rose and Fitzgerald explore the ways cities shape the mental health and illness of those who inhabit them.Drawing on the social and life sciences, The Urban Brain takes an ecosocial approach to the vital city, in which humans live and thrive but too often get sick and suffer. The result demonstrates what we can gain by a vitalist approach to the mental lives of those migrating to and living in cities, focusing on the ways that humans make, remake, and inhabit their urban lifeworlds"--

Cities and towns --- Urban health. --- Urban ecology (Sociology) --- Mental health --- Stress (Psychology) --- Health aspects. --- Environmental aspects. --- Activism. --- Addiction. --- Adrenal fatigue. --- Ann Oakley. --- Ash Amin. --- Biology. --- Biopolitics. --- Biopower. --- Cesare Lombroso. --- Charles Booth (social reformer). --- Chicago school (sociology). --- Competition. --- Cricket test. --- Criminology. --- Curt Richter. --- Degeneration theory. --- Demography. --- Disease. --- Disenchantment. --- Dyspnea. --- Edward Taub. --- Endocrinology. --- Enoch Powell. --- Epidemiology. --- Erich Lindemann. --- Eugenics. --- Exposome. --- Extrapolation. --- Fight-or-flight response. --- Georg Simmel. --- Healthy city. --- Henri Lefebvre. --- Henry Mayhew. --- Herbert Marcuse. --- Holism. --- Housing authority. --- Hydra effect. --- Hypersexuality. --- Internal migration. --- John B. Calhoun. --- John B. Watson. --- Mental disorder. --- Mental distress. --- Mental health. --- Michael Lipton. --- Michael Meaney. --- Milgram experiment. --- Model organism. --- Modernity. --- Neighbourhood effect. --- Observational study. --- Octavia Hill. --- Overcrowding. --- Pathogen. --- Pathology. --- Peptic ulcer. --- Physical disorder. --- Physiognomy. --- Precarious work. --- Presenteeism. --- Psychiatry. --- Psychoanalysis. --- Psychosomatic medicine. --- Racial segregation. --- Racism. --- Recuperation (politics). --- Rivers of Blood speech. --- Scientific racism. --- Scientism. --- Slum. --- Social Darwinism. --- Social Justice and the City. --- Social exclusion. --- Social medicine. --- Social psychiatry. --- Social science. --- Social theory. --- Social transformation. --- Sociology. --- Stanley Milgram. --- Stress management. --- Stressor. --- Subsidy. --- Suffering. --- Sustainable city. --- Symptom. --- The Affluent Society. --- The Other Hand. --- Thought. --- Umwelt. --- Unemployment. --- Urban renewal. --- Urban sprawl. --- Urban village. --- Urbanization. --- Vitalism. --- Voodoo death. --- W. E. B. Du Bois. --- W. I. Thomas. --- William H. Whyte.