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Architectural models are used at various stages of a project. As working models they support the design process: they are made up from time to time using simple materials, such as cardboard, without any attempt at accuracy, and continue to be adjusted and added to as the ideas and the design progress. The point here is to swiftly check a design idea, to allow it to be continued or dismissed. Presentational models are more involved; at this stage the design has been completed and the purpose of the model is to convey the ideas to the potential user in a clear and easy-to-understand way. The book Architecture and Model Building includes outstanding examples explaining the possibilities of this medium and, at the same time, provides comprehensive information on materials and techniques.

Architectural models. --- Buildings --- Models, Architectural --- Architectural casts --- Artists' preparatory studies --- Communication in architectural design --- Miniature objects --- Models and modelmaking --- Models --- design. --- model building. --- model making. --- presentation.

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Exchange between the translation studies and the computational linguistics communities has traditionally not been very intense. Among other things, this is reflected by the different views on parallel corpora. While computational linguistics does not always strictly pay attention to the translation direction (e.g. when translation rules are extracted from (sub)corpora which actually only consist of translations), translation studies are amongst other things concerned with exactly comparing source and target texts (e.g. to draw conclusions on interference and standardization effects). However, there has recently been more exchange between the two fields – especially when it comes to the annotation of parallel corpora. This special issue brings together the different research perspectives. Its contributions show – from both perspectives – how the communities have come to interact in recent years.

Corpora (Linguistics) --- Linguistics --- Corpus-based analysis (Linguistics) --- Corpus linguistics --- Linguistic analysis (Linguistics) --- empirical confirmation of theories --- methodology of translation studies --- model building --- Cognate --- Noun --- Part of speech --- Semantics --- Source text --- Syntax --- Target text

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A book that challenges everything you thought you knew about the online economyThe internet was supposed to fragment audiences and make media monopolies impossible. Instead, behemoths like Google and Facebook now dominate the time we spend online-and grab all the profits from the attention economy. The Internet Trap explains how this happened. This provocative and timely book sheds light on the stunning rise of the digital giants and the online struggles of nearly everyone else-and reveals what small players can do to survive in a game that is rigged against them.Matthew Hindman shows how seemingly tiny advantages in attracting users can snowball over time. The internet has not reduced the cost of reaching audiences-it has merely shifted who pays and how. Challenging some of the most enduring myths of digital life, Hindman explains why the internet is not the postindustrial technology that has been sold to the public, how it has become mathematically impossible for grad students in a garage to beat Google, and why net neutrality alone is no guarantee of an open internet. He also explains why the challenges for local digital news outlets and other small players are worse than they appear and demonstrates what it really takes to grow a digital audience and stay alive in today's online economy.The Internet Trap shows why, even on the internet, there is still no such thing as a free audience.

Atarazanas. --- University of South Alabama. --- Atarazanas --- United States. --- USA --- Facebook. --- Google. --- Hitwise. --- Internet news. --- Internet users. --- Internet. --- Netflix Prize. --- U.S. television. --- advertising revenue. --- attention economics. --- attention economy. --- bundling. --- comScore. --- communication. --- compounded audience. --- content production. --- digital attention. --- digital audience growth. --- digital audience. --- digital audiences. --- digital economies. --- digital economy. --- digital media. --- economic models. --- economics of scale. --- imaginary Internet. --- imagined Internet. --- journalism. --- local digital news. --- local journalism. --- local news. --- local papers. --- mathematical models. --- media organizations. --- media preferences. --- model building. --- net neutrality. --- news organizations. --- online aggregation. --- online content. --- online dynamics. --- online economy. --- online local news. --- online news. --- power law. --- public policies. --- recommendation systems. --- recommender systems. --- small players. --- stickiness. --- traffic models. --- web measurement. --- web traffic model. --- web traffic. --- web visits. --- Internet --- Economic aspects. --- Political aspects.