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Les Français juifs, que l’on nommait encore « israélites » dans les années cinquante, ont activement travaillé à se fondre dans la nation. Or, l’histoire de cette assimilation est souvent perçue négativement, à la lumière rétrospective de l’extermination : histoire d’un aveuglement collectif, expression de la « honte de soi » d’un groupe minoritaire... Loin de cette vision reconstruite, Muriel Pichon dévoile ici un judaïsme plutôt heureux, décliné sur un mode riche et complexe. Au gré des témoignages, des récits de vie, des parcours individuels et familiaux qui s’entrecroisent entre 1914 et 1950, l’auteur reconstitue l’univers de ces Français juifs - ensemble peu homogène, mais dont l’appartenance à la France émancipatrice des Droits de l’Homme et à la judéité ne fait aucun doute. Face à la crise des années 1930, à la montée de l’antisémitisme, aux persécutions et à l’extermination, cette relative harmonie franco-juive se transforme, se fissure souvent, mais persiste envers et contre tout, malgré le désenchantement de l’après-guerre. En suivant le fil de l’« israélitisme » à la française, l’ouvrage propose ainsi d’aborder, au-delà de la seule histoire des juifs au xxe siècle, un moment trouble, puis douloureux, du passé de la République.

Jews --- Juifs --- History --- Histoire --- History of Jews --- France --- Early to Mid 20th century --- 323.12 <=924> <44> --- 933.9 --- 944.08 --- Antisemitisme. Jodenvervolging--Frankrijk --- Geschiedenis van het Joodse volk: diaspora in de moderne tijd --- Geschiedenis van Frankrijk--(1870-1945) --- 944.08 Geschiedenis van Frankrijk--(1870-1945) --- 933.9 Geschiedenis van het Joodse volk: diaspora in de moderne tijd --- 323.12 <=924> <44> Antisemitisme. Jodenvervolging--Frankrijk --- Jews - France - History - 20th century

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"The Nazi Holocaust & the Exile of Yiddish is a history of the Algemeyne Entsikopedye (General Encyclopedia, Berlin, Paris, & New York, 1932-1966), the only attempt to publish a comprehensive encyclopedia of universal knowledge in the Yiddish language. In the decade after World War I, the potential for Yiddish was seemingly limitless. The global number of speakers of Yiddish was estimated at between nine and ten million, with major communities in Poland, the Soviet Union, and the United States. But by the early 1930s, as Jews were becoming invested in their host states, a dramatic rise in antisemitism from the political right threatened their new status. Extreme nationalists sought to undo Jewish participation in civic life, limit Jewish migration and settlement, and contain - or even purge - Jews' political, economic, cultural, and racial influence. This combination of factors led many within the Yiddishist camp both to reassert their commitment to the language and to a distinct Jewish national identity, increasing the urgency for the Entsiklopedye's architects to embark upon their project. Uncertainty over the Jewish future began to be reflected in the Entsiklopedye itself. The volumes of 1936 and 1937 contain otherwise out-of-place monograph-length entries on the specifically Jewish topics of "Antisemitism" and "Land of Israel," presaging a shift away from general subjects and toward more specifically Jewish content. In September 1939, the German invasion of Poland cut the Entsiklopedye off from its major source of readers and trapped many of its contributors who were based there. Just as the second Yidn volume was being sent to subscribers in Spring 1940, Germany invaded France. Making matters even worse, the copies of the second Yidn volume were sent to the United States, and but most copies were lost at sea. A few volumes that had been sent via the regular mail arrived safely in New York, however. The encyclopedia's editors themselves fled and, after making a harrowing escape via Spain and Portugal, arrived in New York by late summer / early autumn 1940. With the end of World War II and as the enormity of the Nazi Holocaust was becoming understood, the editors decided that the Entsiklopedye should continue. The post-war Yidn volumes contain descriptive essays on Jewish life on the eve of the Holocaust, a study of Jewish life in the Americas, and the last two volumes (1964 and 1966) are historical overviews of the Holocaust. By the release of the final volume in 1966, few of the original editors of The Algemeyne Entsiklopedye were still alive. Many of the great Jewish scholars who contributed to the project had also passed. In the Foreword, the administrator of the Entsiklopedye Iser Goldberg outlined the task of future Jewish scholarship as one of creating a new corpus of work dedicated to the Holocaust. He declared that this project that once was to guide millions of Yiddish readers into the modern world was now dedicated to "the thousands of readers and subscribers in Jewish communities" with the much more modest goal of making "an important contribution to the growing khurbn [Holocaust] literature." By bringing this neglected and unique work of Jewish scholarship back into studies of modern Jewish history, Trachtenberg makes a significant contribution to current historiographical debates on the content and boundaries of Jewish knowledge in the tumultuous middle decades of the twentieth-century. In large measure because of the lack of researchers able to work in the Yiddish language, the significance and history of the Algemeyne Entsiklopedye has been overlooked, despite the fact that it was one of the great (and few) collaborative projects involving the twentieth century's most influential Jewish scholars. This monograph will inform recent scholarly discussions on the function of Yiddish before, during, and after World War II, on the extent to which Eastern European Jews turned away from Diaspora Nationalism on the eve of war, and to what degree Jews in the United States were "silent" in the decades following the Nazi Holocaust"-- "The Nazi Holocaust & the Exile of Yiddish is a history of the Algemeyne Entsiklopedye (General Encyclopedia, Berlin, Paris, & New York, 1932-1966), the only attempt to publish a comprehensive encyclopedia of universal knowledge in the Yiddish language. In the decade after World War I, the potential for Yiddish was seemingly limitless. The global number of speakers of Yiddish was estimated at between nine and ten million, with major communities in Poland, the Soviet Union, and the United States. But by the early 1930s, as Jews were becoming invested in their host states, a dramatic rise in antisemitism from the political right threatened their new status. Extreme nationalists sought to undo Jewish participation in civic life, limit Jewish migration and settlement, and contain - or even purge - Jews' political, economic, cultural, and racial influence. This combination of factors led many within the Yiddishist camp both to reassert their commitment to the language and to a distinct Jewish national identity, increasing the urgency for the Entsiklopedye's architects to embark upon their project. Uncertainty over the Jewish future began to be reflected in the Entsiklopedye itself. The volumes of 1936 and 1937 contain otherwise out-of-place monograph-length entries on the specifically Jewish topics of "Antisemitism" and "Land of Israel," presaging a shift away from general subjects and toward more specifically Jewish content. In September 1939, the German invasion of Poland cut the Entsiklopedye off from its major source of readers and trapped many of its contributors who were based there. Just as the second Yidn volume was being sent to subscribers in Spring 1940, Germany invaded France. Making matters even worse, the copies of the second Yidn volume were sent to the United States, and but most copies were lost at sea. A few volumes that had been sent via the regular mail arrived safely in New York, however. The encyclopedia's editors themselves fled and, after making a harrowing escape via Spain and Portugal, arrived in New York by late summer / early autumn 1940. With the end of World War II and as the enormity of the Nazi Holocaust was becoming understood, the editors decided that the Entsiklopedye should continue. The post-war Yidn volumes contain descriptive essays on Jewish life on the eve of the Holocaust, a study of Jewish life in the Americas, and the last two volumes (1964 and 1966) are historical overviews of the Holocaust. By the release of the final volume in 1966, few of the original editors of The Algemeyne Entsiklopedye were still alive. Many of the great Jewish scholars who contributed to the project had also passed. In the Foreword, the administrator of the Entsiklopedye Iser Goldberg outlined the task of future Jewish scholarship as one of creating a new corpus of work dedicated to the Holocaust. He declared that this project that once was to guide millions of Yiddish readers into the modern world was now dedicated to "the thousands of readers and subscribers in Jewish communities" with the much more modest goal of making "an important contribution to the growing khurbn [Holocaust] literature." By bringing this neglected and unique work of Jewish scholarship back into studies of modern Jewish history, Trachtenberg makes a significant contribution to current historiographical debates on the content and boundaries of Jewish knowledge in the tumultuous middle decades of the twentieth-century. In large measure because of the lack of researchers able to work in the Yiddish language, the significance and history of the Algemeyne Entsiklopedye has been overlooked, despite the fact that it was one of the great (and few) collaborative projects involving the twentieth century's most influential Jewish scholars. This monograph will inform recent scholarly discussions on the function of Yiddish before, during, and after World War II, on the extent to which Eastern European Jews turned away from Diaspora Nationalism on the eve of war, and to what degree Jews in the United States were "silent" in the decades following the Nazi Holocaust"--

Litterature yiddish --- Encyclopedies et dictionnaires yiddish --- Holocaust, Jewish (1939-1945) --- Yiddish literature --- Jews --- Encyclopedias and dictionaries, Yiddish --- Histoire et critique. --- Influence. --- History --- History and criticism. --- Central Yiddish Culture Organization. --- Central Yiddish Culture Organization --- Algemeyne entsiḳlopedye. --- Berlin, Germany, Eastern Europe, Eastern European, Jewish, Yiddish, Jews, publish, publishing, language, encyclopedia, general knowledge, modern, reader, reader experience, Algemeyne entsiklopedye, General Encyclopedia, Hitler, Nazis, editor, editing, refugee, Jewish refugees, Paris, New York City, holocaust, audience, Eastern European Jews, genocide, persecution, World War II, 20th century, mid 20th century, cultural, political, knowledge, trauma, heritage, preserving heritage, extermination.