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We live in interesting times in which life as we know it is being threatened by manmade changes to the atmosphere in which we live. On the global scale, concern is focused on climate change due to greenhouse gas emissions, and on a national scale, atmospheric pollution produced by combustion processes is of concern. A possible approach is through the development of new ideas and innovative processes to the current practices. Among the available options, multi-generation processes such as the trigeneration cycle, battery storage system, solar power plants and heat pumps have been widely studied, as they potentially allow for greater efficiency, lower costs, and reduced emissions. On the other hand, some researchers had been working to increase the potential of energy generation process through heat recovery under the steam generator, organic Rankine cycle, and absorption chillers. In this Special Issue on "Thermal Systems” of fundamental or applied and numerical or experimental investigation, many new concepts in thermal systems and energy utilization were explored and published as original research papers in this “Special Issue”.

History of engineering & technology --- thermo-economic assessment --- exergy analysis --- trigeneration system --- gas microturbine --- absorption chiller --- advanced exergo-economic analysis --- waste heat recovery system --- ORC --- endogenous exergy --- exogenous exergy --- thermal management --- Li-ion battery --- heat pipe --- thermoelectric cooler --- oscillating heat pipes --- heat transfer --- milling cooling --- abrasive-milling processes --- solar network --- dynamic modelling --- plug flow --- control --- supercritical carbon dioxide --- experimental testing --- finned-tube gas cooler --- energy poverty --- centralised heat pump --- hourly heating demand --- off-design heat pump model --- alternative process --- non-coating method --- room-temperature swaging --- pseudo-single tube (PST) --- accident-tolerant fuel (ATF) cladding --- minichannel flow boiling --- void fraction --- inverse heat transfer problem --- Trefftz method --- vortex generator --- vortex tube --- temperature separation --- the low-temperature air flow ratio (yc), inlet pressure (Pi) --- thermo-economic assessment --- exergy analysis --- trigeneration system --- gas microturbine --- absorption chiller --- advanced exergo-economic analysis --- waste heat recovery system --- ORC --- endogenous exergy --- exogenous exergy --- thermal management --- Li-ion battery --- heat pipe --- thermoelectric cooler --- oscillating heat pipes --- heat transfer --- milling cooling --- abrasive-milling processes --- solar network --- dynamic modelling --- plug flow --- control --- supercritical carbon dioxide --- experimental testing --- finned-tube gas cooler --- energy poverty --- centralised heat pump --- hourly heating demand --- off-design heat pump model --- alternative process --- non-coating method --- room-temperature swaging --- pseudo-single tube (PST) --- accident-tolerant fuel (ATF) cladding --- minichannel flow boiling --- void fraction --- inverse heat transfer problem --- Trefftz method --- vortex generator --- vortex tube --- temperature separation --- the low-temperature air flow ratio (yc), inlet pressure (Pi)

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• Reference Manager
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We live in interesting times in which life as we know it is being threatened by manmade changes to the atmosphere in which we live. On the global scale, concern is focused on climate change due to greenhouse gas emissions, and on a national scale, atmospheric pollution produced by combustion processes is of concern. A possible approach is through the development of new ideas and innovative processes to the current practices. Among the available options, multi-generation processes such as the trigeneration cycle, battery storage system, solar power plants and heat pumps have been widely studied, as they potentially allow for greater efficiency, lower costs, and reduced emissions. On the other hand, some researchers had been working to increase the potential of energy generation process through heat recovery under the steam generator, organic Rankine cycle, and absorption chillers. In this Special Issue on "Thermal Systems” of fundamental or applied and numerical or experimental investigation, many new concepts in thermal systems and energy utilization were explored and published as original research papers in this “Special Issue”.

History of engineering & technology --- thermo-economic assessment --- exergy analysis --- trigeneration system --- gas microturbine --- absorption chiller --- advanced exergo-economic analysis --- waste heat recovery system --- ORC --- endogenous exergy --- exogenous exergy --- thermal management --- Li-ion battery --- heat pipe --- thermoelectric cooler --- oscillating heat pipes --- heat transfer --- milling cooling --- abrasive-milling processes --- solar network --- dynamic modelling --- plug flow --- control --- supercritical carbon dioxide --- experimental testing --- finned-tube gas cooler --- energy poverty --- centralised heat pump --- hourly heating demand --- off-design heat pump model --- alternative process --- non-coating method --- room-temperature swaging --- pseudo-single tube (PST) --- accident-tolerant fuel (ATF) cladding --- minichannel flow boiling --- void fraction --- inverse heat transfer problem --- Trefftz method --- vortex generator --- vortex tube --- temperature separation --- the low-temperature air flow ratio (yc), inlet pressure (Pi) --- n/a

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This book focuses on the progress in modern energy processes, systems and equipment. Since the beginning of humankind, energy has been the most important need for each human and living being. Thus, the development of different ways of energy conversion that can be applied to cover growing energy needs has become a crucial challenge for scientists and engineers around the world, making the power industry, in which operation is based on subsequent energy conversion processes, one of the most important fields of the local, national, and global economy today. Progress in precise description, modeling, and optimization of physical phenomena related to the energy conversion processes bounded to large and dispersed power systems is a key research and development field of the economy.

fuel burners --- asphalt roofing --- heating equipment --- biogas treatment --- volatile methylsiloxanes --- siloxane concentrations --- adsorbents --- regeneration --- biogas --- deep eutectic solvents --- upgrading --- absorption --- COSMO-RS --- economic analysis --- air pollution --- PM2.5 dust --- ORC --- working fluid --- selection method --- volumetric expander --- thermodynamic analysis --- lignite mine --- PM2.5 --- PM10 --- WRF-CALMET/CALPUFF --- health risk --- grill --- barbecue --- stove --- boiler --- charcoal briquettes --- liquid propane --- particulate matter --- gaseous air pollutants --- energy performance gap --- user behavior --- energy poverty --- pre-war tenement building --- Trilateral Flash Cycle --- T-s diagram --- adiabatic expansion --- retrofit --- CO2 power cycle --- low-temperature phase change material --- paraffin wax --- thermal energy storage --- numerical modelling --- scanning electron microscope --- microturbine --- stirling engine --- fuel cell --- expander --- vane --- lobe --- screw --- piston --- Wankel --- gerotor --- microcogeneration --- CHP --- hydrofluoroolefins --- hydrofluorocarbons --- refrigerants --- low GWP --- energy conversion --- fuels --- energy storage --- ecological and legal aspects

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This book focuses on the progress in modern energy processes, systems and equipment. Since the beginning of humankind, energy has been the most important need for each human and living being. Thus, the development of different ways of energy conversion that can be applied to cover growing energy needs has become a crucial challenge for scientists and engineers around the world, making the power industry, in which operation is based on subsequent energy conversion processes, one of the most important fields of the local, national, and global economy today. Progress in precise description, modeling, and optimization of physical phenomena related to the energy conversion processes bounded to large and dispersed power systems is a key research and development field of the economy.

Technology: general issues --- fuel burners --- asphalt roofing --- heating equipment --- biogas treatment --- volatile methylsiloxanes --- siloxane concentrations --- adsorbents --- regeneration --- biogas --- deep eutectic solvents --- upgrading --- absorption --- COSMO-RS --- economic analysis --- air pollution --- PM2.5 dust --- ORC --- working fluid --- selection method --- volumetric expander --- thermodynamic analysis --- lignite mine --- PM2.5 --- PM10 --- WRF-CALMET/CALPUFF --- health risk --- grill --- barbecue --- stove --- boiler --- charcoal briquettes --- liquid propane --- particulate matter --- gaseous air pollutants --- energy performance gap --- user behavior --- energy poverty --- pre-war tenement building --- Trilateral Flash Cycle --- T-s diagram --- adiabatic expansion --- retrofit --- CO2 power cycle --- low-temperature phase change material --- paraffin wax --- thermal energy storage --- numerical modelling --- scanning electron microscope --- microturbine --- stirling engine --- fuel cell --- expander --- vane --- lobe --- screw --- piston --- Wankel --- gerotor --- microcogeneration --- CHP --- hydrofluoroolefins --- hydrofluorocarbons --- refrigerants --- low GWP --- energy conversion --- fuels --- energy storage --- ecological and legal aspects --- fuel burners --- asphalt roofing --- heating equipment --- biogas treatment --- volatile methylsiloxanes --- siloxane concentrations --- adsorbents --- regeneration --- biogas --- deep eutectic solvents --- upgrading --- absorption --- COSMO-RS --- economic analysis --- air pollution --- PM2.5 dust --- ORC --- working fluid --- selection method --- volumetric expander --- thermodynamic analysis --- lignite mine --- PM2.5 --- PM10 --- WRF-CALMET/CALPUFF --- health risk --- grill --- barbecue --- stove --- boiler --- charcoal briquettes --- liquid propane --- particulate matter --- gaseous air pollutants --- energy performance gap --- user behavior --- energy poverty --- pre-war tenement building --- Trilateral Flash Cycle --- T-s diagram --- adiabatic expansion --- retrofit --- CO2 power cycle --- low-temperature phase change material --- paraffin wax --- thermal energy storage --- numerical modelling --- scanning electron microscope --- microturbine --- stirling engine --- fuel cell --- expander --- vane --- lobe --- screw --- piston --- Wankel --- gerotor --- microcogeneration --- CHP --- hydrofluoroolefins --- hydrofluorocarbons --- refrigerants --- low GWP --- energy conversion --- fuels --- energy storage --- ecological and legal aspects

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This Special Issue book contains selected papers from works presented at the 10th EASN (European Aeronautics Science Network) International Conference on Innovation in Aviation & Space, which was held from the 2nd until the 4th of September, 2020. About 350 remote participants contributed to a high-level scientific gathering providing some of the latest research results on the topic, as well as some of the latest relevant technological advancements. Eleven interesting articles, which cover a wide range of topics including characterization, analysis and design, as well as numerical simulation, are contained in this Special Issue.

Technology: general issues --- History of engineering & technology --- boarding --- simulation --- cabin --- aircraft --- passenger --- movement --- Covid-19 --- turbofan --- unmanned aerial vehicles --- cruise missile --- aerial target --- axial compressor --- blade --- titanium alloy --- aluminium alloy --- titanium aluminide --- safety factor --- thermal management --- hybrid-electric aircraft --- ram air–based cooling --- compact heat exchangers --- meredith effect --- aircraft air quality --- adaptive ECS --- subject testing --- boundary layer ingestion --- propulsive fuselage --- wake-filling --- turbo-electric --- proof-of-concept --- wind tunnel --- fan rig --- multi-disciplinary aircraft design --- collaborative research --- microturbine --- sustainable aviation fuel --- ATJ --- HEFA --- emissions --- alternative fuel --- biocomponent --- combustion --- fuel blend --- drop-in fuel --- synthesized kerosene --- cargo fire protection --- fire suppression --- testing --- iron bird --- hydraulic system --- flight simulator --- force control --- PID control --- unmanned aircraft --- thrust determination --- flight testing --- e-Genius-Mod --- free-flight wind tunnel --- hybrid-electric propulsion --- regional air travel --- alternate airports --- top-level aircraft requirements --- figures of merit --- aircraft design --- aircraft structure --- strut-braced wing --- parametric modeling --- decomposition principles --- strength analysis --- finite element method (FEM) --- doublet lattice method --- four-level approach --- n/a --- ram air-based cooling