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Now in an updated second edition, this classroom-tested textbook introduces and summarizes the latest models and skills required to design and optimize nanomechanical resonators, taking a top-down approach that uses macroscopic formulas to model the devices. The authors cover the electrical and mechanical aspects of nanoelectromechanical system (NEMS) devices in six expanded and revised chapters on lumped-element model resonators, continuum mechanical resonators, damping, transduction, responsivity, and measurements and noise. The applied approach found in this book is appropriate for engineering students and researchers working with micro and nanomechanical resonators. Reviews key research on the design and fabrication of micro and nanomechanical resonators; Provides a complete set of mechanical models; Maximizes reader insight into sensing, transduction, and noise and measurements.

Chemical structure --- Electrical engineering --- Biotechnology --- nanotechniek --- biotechnologie --- Nanotechnology. --- Nanoelectromechanical systems. --- Microtechnology. --- Microelectromechanical systems. --- Microresonators (Optoelectronics). --- Nanoengineering. --- Nanoscale Devices. --- Microsystems and MEMS. --- Microresonators.

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This work systematically investigates the use of high-quality (high-Q) resonators as coding particles of chipless cooperative radar targets to overcome clutter. Due to their high-Q, the backscattered signature can outlast clutter and permit reliable readouts in dynamic environments as well as its integration in other types of cooperative radar targets for joint identification, sensing, and ranging capabilities. This is first demonstrated with temperature and pressure sensors in the microwave frequency range, which include the characterization of a novel temperature sensor for machine tool monitoring up to 400 C, as well as inside the machine. Afterwards, the thesis proposes and demonstrates the use of metallic as well as dielectric Electromagnetic BandGap (EBG) structures to enable the realization and to enhance the capabilities at mm-Wave and THz frequencies compared to microwave frequencies with compact monolithic multi-resonator cooperative radar targets. Furthermore, this work studies the integration of resonators as coding particles inside larger retroreflective configurations such as Luneburg lenses to achieve long-range and high accuracy for localization and, at the same time, frequency coding robust against clutter for identification. Finally, the successful readout of these cooperative radar targets is demonstrated in cluttered dynamic environments, as well as with readers based on Frequency-Modulated Continuous-Wave (FMCW) radars.

Microresonators (Optoelectronics). --- Microwave communication systems. --- Radar --- Radar targets. --- Automatic detection. --- Data processing. --- Targets, Radar --- Detectors --- Electronic systems --- Pulse techniques (Electronics) --- Radio --- Remote sensing --- Automatic detection in radar --- Detection, Automatic radar --- Radar detection, Automatic --- Intercommunication systems --- Microwave devices --- Telecommunication systems --- Line-of-sight radio links --- Lasers --- Optoelectronic devices --- Resonators --- Microresonators (Optoelectronics)

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Since its first observation in 1850, ion-exchange (IEx) has become a fundamental process in many applications involving water treatment, catalysis, chromatography, and the food and pharmaceutical industries. Starting from the early 1900s, another relevant application of IEx has been in the glass industry, with the surface tempering of glass produced by a K+–Na+ ion exchange. Nowadays, photonics has greatly exploited IEx technology: graded-index microlenses, graded-index fibers and integrated optical waveguides and devices are examples of achievements made possible by the IEx process. Moreover, ion-exchange is possible in ferroelectric crystals, too, and has been fundamental for the development of many linear and nonlinear integrated optical devices in lithium niobate and tantalate.This volume collects articles published in the corresponding Special Issue of the Applied Sciences journal. Four review articles, written by internationally renowned experts in this field, provide complementary overviews of the history, fundamental aspects, designs and fabrications of devices, and technological achievements. Three articles describe original research in the fields of diffraction grating, photo-thermo-refractive glasses, and Yb-doped lithium niobate. This volume constitutes a valuable and updated reference for all students and researchers wishing to improve their knowledge and/or make use of ion-exchange technology and its applications.

Research & information: general --- thermal diffusion --- active waveguide devices --- laser active materials --- ion-exchange --- phase gratings --- diffractive optics --- ion exchange --- silver --- photo-thermo-refractive glass --- silver nanoparticles --- silver molecular clusters --- silver bromide nanocrystals --- integrated photonics --- glass photonics --- optical sensors --- waveguides --- lasers --- optical glasses --- glass strengthening --- noble metal nanoparticles --- rare earths --- luminescence enhancement --- SERS --- flexible photonics --- whispering gallery mode microresonators --- photovoltaic cell --- ion exchange in glass --- ion diffusion --- glass waveguides --- glass poling --- metal nanoparticles --- ion-exchanged glass --- active optical waveguides --- quantum integrated optics

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Since its first observation in 1850, ion-exchange (IEx) has become a fundamental process in many applications involving water treatment, catalysis, chromatography, and the food and pharmaceutical industries. Starting from the early 1900s, another relevant application of IEx has been in the glass industry, with the surface tempering of glass produced by a K+–Na+ ion exchange. Nowadays, photonics has greatly exploited IEx technology: graded-index microlenses, graded-index fibers and integrated optical waveguides and devices are examples of achievements made possible by the IEx process. Moreover, ion-exchange is possible in ferroelectric crystals, too, and has been fundamental for the development of many linear and nonlinear integrated optical devices in lithium niobate and tantalate.This volume collects articles published in the corresponding Special Issue of the Applied Sciences journal. Four review articles, written by internationally renowned experts in this field, provide complementary overviews of the history, fundamental aspects, designs and fabrications of devices, and technological achievements. Three articles describe original research in the fields of diffraction grating, photo-thermo-refractive glasses, and Yb-doped lithium niobate. This volume constitutes a valuable and updated reference for all students and researchers wishing to improve their knowledge and/or make use of ion-exchange technology and its applications.

thermal diffusion --- active waveguide devices --- laser active materials --- ion-exchange --- phase gratings --- diffractive optics --- ion exchange --- silver --- photo-thermo-refractive glass --- silver nanoparticles --- silver molecular clusters --- silver bromide nanocrystals --- integrated photonics --- glass photonics --- optical sensors --- waveguides --- lasers --- optical glasses --- glass strengthening --- noble metal nanoparticles --- rare earths --- luminescence enhancement --- SERS --- flexible photonics --- whispering gallery mode microresonators --- photovoltaic cell --- ion exchange in glass --- ion diffusion --- glass waveguides --- glass poling --- metal nanoparticles --- ion-exchanged glass --- active optical waveguides --- quantum integrated optics

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Photonic Microresonator Research and Applications explores advances in the fabrication process that enable nanometer waveguide separations. The technology surrounding the design and fabrication of optical microresonators has matured to a point where there is a need for commercialization. Consequently, there is a need for device research involving more advanced architectures and more esoteric operating princples. This volume discusses these issues, while also: Showing a reader how to design and fabricate microresonators Discussing microresonators in photonic crystals, microsphere circuits, and sensors, and provides application oriented examples Covering the latest in microresonator research with contributions from the leading researchers Photonic Microresonator Research and Applications would appeal to researchers and academics working in the optical sciences. .

Microresonators (Optoelectronics) --- Photonics --- Optical resonance --- Microelectromechanical systems --- Electrical & Computer Engineering --- Engineering & Applied Sciences --- Electrical Engineering --- Photonics. --- Optical resonance. --- Microelectromechanical systems. --- MEMS (Microelectromechanical systems) --- Micro-electro-mechanical systems --- Micro-machinery --- Microelectromechanical devices --- Micromachinery --- Micromachines --- Micromechanical devices --- Micromechanical systems --- New optics --- Engineering. --- Microwaves. --- Optical engineering. --- Electronics. --- Microelectronics. --- Microwaves, RF and Optical Engineering. --- Optics, Lasers, Photonics, Optical Devices. --- Electronics and Microelectronics, Instrumentation. --- Electromechanical devices --- Microtechnology --- Mechatronics --- Luminescence --- Quantum optics --- Resonance --- Optics --- Lasers --- Optoelectronic devices --- Resonators --- Electrical engineering --- Physical sciences --- Hertzian waves --- Electric waves --- Electromagnetic waves --- Geomagnetic micropulsations --- Radio waves --- Shortwave radio --- Lasers. --- Microminiature electronic equipment --- Microminiaturization (Electronics) --- Electronics --- Semiconductors --- Miniature electronic equipment --- Light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation --- Masers, Optical --- Optical masers --- Light amplifiers --- Light sources --- Nonlinear optics --- Optical parametric oscillators --- Mechanical engineering