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Recently, microfluidic, nanofluidic and lab-on-a-chip devices have gained particular attention in biomedical applications. Due to their advantages, such as miniaturization, versatility, ease of use, cost-effectiveness, and the potential to replace animal models for drug development and testing, these devices hold tremendous potential to revolutionize the research of more effective treatments for several diseases that threaten human life. With integrated biosensors, these devices allow the development and design of micro- and nanoparticles to be studied in detail, modelling human physiology, investigating the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying disease formation and progression, and gaining insights into the performance and long-term effects of responsive drug delivery nanocarriers. This Special Issue gathered research papers, and review articles focusing on novel microfluidic, nanofluidic and lab-on-a-chip devices for biomedical applications, addressing all steps related to fabrication, biosensor integration and development, characterization, numerical simulations and validation of the devices, optimization and, the translation of these devices from research labs to industry settings.

Medicine --- protein biomarker --- microarray --- microfluidic cassette --- multiplex measurement --- immunoassay --- point-of-care testing --- microfluidic device --- small intestine --- ex vivo --- histology --- embedded resin --- sectioning --- peptide biosensor --- lab-on-a-chip --- label-free detection --- peptide aptamers --- protein biomarkers --- microfluidic biochip --- troponin T --- computational simulations --- drug discovery --- organ-on-a-chip --- microfluidic devices --- preclinical models --- numerical simulations --- automation --- non-enzymatic --- DNA amplification --- L-DNA --- microfluidic --- fluorescence --- paper microfluidics --- sweat --- sensing --- hydrogels --- lactate --- osmotic pumping --- evaporation --- capillary --- wicking --- biochemical assay --- microfluidics --- cell trap --- RBC --- evolutionary algorithm --- generative design --- artificial intelligence --- organ-on-chip --- liver-on-chip --- liver disease --- multi-level microfluidic device --- live cell imaging --- long-term microscopy imaging --- focus drifting --- immersion oil viscosity --- bacterial population dynamics --- single-cell studies --- E. coli --- mother machine --- computational fluid dynamics --- cancer-on-chip --- xenograft --- colorectal cancer --- pharmacodynamics --- pharmacokinetics --- drug efficacy --- oxaliplatin --- microfabrication --- microphysiological system --- biophysical stimuli --- biochemical stimuli --- in vitro cell culture --- cortical neurons --- hippocampal neurons --- electrical stimulation --- Micro-Electrode Arrays --- engineered neuronal networks --- polydimethylsiloxane --- microchannels --- in vivo micro bioreactor --- additive manufacturing --- poly-(ethylene glycol)-diacrylate --- biocompatibility --- COVID-19 --- diagnosis --- image analysis --- PCR --- SARS-CoV-2 --- n/a