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INTRODUCTION | Ce travail porte sur la réalisation de boissons à base de CBD et de Zinc non pétillante à destination de personnes souffrant de douleurs. Les composants de ces boissons étant de nature hydrophile et lipophile, il a fallu procéder à une opération unitaire (l’émulsion) et de facto à l’utilisation d’émulsifiants. La conceptualisation de boissons, soit un « drink » de 330ml et un « shot » de 60ml, ont été caractérisés sur base d’un cahier des charges spécifiques à chacun, ce qui a permis d’établir un protocole expérimental.
MÉTHODOLOGIE | En ce qui concerne la boisson de 330ml («drink »), l’objectif premier du cahier des charges est la transparence. Afin d’y répondre, nous avons procédé à une première homogénéisation des deux phases (aqueuse et huileuse). Cette étape a été réalisée avec l’aide de l’Ultra-Turrax (T25 basic IKA®- WERKE) à 11000rpm pendant 5 minutes. Une seconde homogénéisation a été effectuée grâce au microfluidiseur (Microfluidizer Processor M-110EH – Microfluidics Corporation) jusqu’à l’obtention d’une transparence. En tout, 6 cycles de 1500 bar ont été nécessaires.
Pour le « shot », l’objectif premier du cahier des charges est de rendre l’émulsion la plus stable possible en utilisant un émulsifiant naturel : la gomme arabique. En effet, vu la concentration des différents ingrédients, il est important d’assurer une certaine stabilité au produit fini. Afin de répondre à ce cahier des charges, nous avons procédé à une homogénéisation identique à celle de la boisson (Ultra-Turrax : T25 basic IKA®- WERKE). En revanche, la seconde homogénéisation a été réalisée avec un microfluidiseur différent (Microfluidizer : Microfluidics Corporation – Model 1101).
Trois critères ont été établis pour mesurer la complétion du cahier des charges :
- La couleur : mesurée à l’aide d’un Colorimètre ColorFlex EZ - certifié ELSCOLAB,
- L’absorbance : mesurée à l’aide du Spectrophotomètre HITACHI U-2900 Modèle : 2J1-0003, - Le diamètre des gouttelettes : observé avec un Microscope (Nikon DS-Fi2 Eclipse E400).
RÉSULTATS | Sur base des 3 analyses choisies, nous avons posé un standard pour chacune des boissons (le lait pour le « shot » et l’eau pour le « drink ») ainsi qu’une comparaison à la revue de la littérature. Les résultats mettent en évidence que les boissons se rapprochent visuellement des standards, qu’elles comprennent toutes les 2 les teneurs requises en CBD et en Zinc et que les apports caloriques souhaités ont été respectés.
Bien que la transparence du « drink » soit visuellement présente, il persiste, cependant, une incohérence quant aux résultats qu’apporte le microscope. Le calcul du nutri-score des boissons révèle un score vert foncé, donc « A ».
De manière générale, et, malgré quelques points d’améliorations à apporter, nous considérons que nous complétons globalement les cahiers des charges préalablement définis. INTRODUCTION | This work deals with the realization of non fizzy CBD and Zinc based drinks for people suffering from pain. The components of these drinks being hydrophilic and lipophilic in nature, it was necessary to carry out a unitary operation (emulsion) and de facto to use emulsifiers. The conceptualisation of the drinks, i.e. a 330ml "drink" and a 60ml "shot", were characterised on the basis of specific specifications for each, which made it possible to establish an experimental protocol.
METHODOLOGY | For the 330ml drink, the primary objective of the specifications is transparency. To meet this objective, we proceeded to a first homogenisation of the two phases (aqueous and oily). This step was carried out with the help of the Ultra-Turrax (T25 basic IKA®- WERKE) at 11000rpm for 5 minutes. A second homogenisation was carried out with the microfluidizer (Microfluidizer Processor M-110EH - Microfluidics Corporation) until transparency was obtained. A total of 6 cycles of 1500 bar were required.
For the "shot", the primary objective of the specifications was to make the emulsion as stable as possible by using a natural emulsifier: gum arabic. Indeed, given the concentration of the various ingredients, it is important to ensure a certain stability of the finished product. To meet these specifications, we carried out a homogenisation identical to that of the drink (Ultra- Turrax: T25 basic IKA®- WERKE). However, the second homogenisation was carried out with a different microfluidiser (Microfluidizer: Microfluidics Corporation - Model 1101).
Three criteria were established to measure the completion of the specifications:
- Colour: measured with a ColorFlex EZ Colorimeter - ELSCOLAB certified,
- Absorbance: measured with a HITACHI U-2900 Spectrophotometer Model: 2J1-0003,
- Droplet diameter: observed with a Microscope (Nikon DS-Fi2 Eclipse E400).
RESULTS | Based on the 3 selected analyses, we set a standard for each of the beverages (milk for the "shot" and water for the "drink") as well as a comparison to the literature review. The results show that the drinks are visually close to the standards, both contain the required levels of CBD and Zinc, and the desired caloric intakes have been met.
Although the transparency of the drink is visually present, there remains, however, an inconsistency in the results provided by the microscope.
The calculation of the nutri-score of the drinks reveals a dark green score, thus "A".
In general, and in spite of a few points of improvement, we consider that we have globally completed the specifications previously defined.

CBD, Zinc, Douleurs, Émulsion, Microémulsion, --- Émulsifiants, Tween 80, Span 80, Gomme Arabique, Transparence --- CBD, Zinc, Pain, Emulsion, Microemulsion, Emulsifiers, Tween 80, Span 80, Arabic Gum, Transparency --- Sciences du vivant > Sciences des denrées alimentaires

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This Book presents original research articles published in the Special Issue entitled “Green Nanotechnology: The Latest Innovations, Knowledge Gaps, and Future Perspectives”. It proposes pioneering and innovative applications, products, technologies, and processes in several green nanotechnology-related fields (e.g., drug delivery systems, antifouling nanoadditives, and coatings for optical applications), as well as identifying some knowledge gaps on this domain. Research on the sustainable production of nanomaterials based on safe-by-design approaches and (eco)toxicological assessments of novel nanomaterials is also provided. Future perspectives are also highlighted in the Editorial and across the original articles.

carvacrol --- stearic acid --- beeswax --- carnauba wax --- nanostructured lipid carriers --- crystallinity --- cationic surfactants --- microemulsion --- mesoporous silica --- encapsulation --- ecotoxicity --- Perna perna --- biofouling --- nanotechnology --- toxicity --- silver nanoparticles --- gemini surfactant --- green synthesis --- black nickel coatings --- electrochemical testing --- electrodeposition --- hull cell --- nanostructured coatings --- green nanotechnology --- green chemistry --- safe-by-design --- sustainability --- nanomaterials --- nanoparticles --- nanoecotoxicology --- environmental risk assessment

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This reprint of “Metal Nanoparticles as Catalysts for Green Applications” collects recent works of researchers on metal nanoparticles as catalysts for green applications. All works deal with designing chemical products and processes that generate and use less (or preferably no) hazardous substances by applying the principles of green chemistry. Despite the interdisciplinary nature of the different applications involved, ranging from pure chemistry to material science, from chemical engineering to physical chemistry, in this reprint there are common characteristics connecting the areas together, and they can be described by two words: sustainability and catalysis.

Technology: general issues --- acetylene hydrogenation --- kinetic model --- catalyst decay --- process modeling --- Al2O3 --- bimetallic catalyst --- syngas --- methane --- partial oxidation --- ZrO2 --- metal–organic framework --- bimetallic metal–organic frameworks --- decarboxylative amidation --- polymeric catalytic membranes --- electrospinning --- HMF oxidation --- glucose --- biochemicals --- MCM-41 --- bimetallic --- reactivity --- product selectivity --- neem --- mint --- nZVI synthesis --- lead --- nickel --- soil remediation --- ethanol steam reforming --- Ni/CeO2 --- microemulsion --- coke resistance --- lanthanum doping --- hydrodeoxygenation --- guaiacol --- regeneration --- catalyst deactivation --- n/a --- metal-organic framework --- bimetallic metal-organic frameworks

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This reprint of “Metal Nanoparticles as Catalysts for Green Applications” collects recent works of researchers on metal nanoparticles as catalysts for green applications. All works deal with designing chemical products and processes that generate and use less (or preferably no) hazardous substances by applying the principles of green chemistry. Despite the interdisciplinary nature of the different applications involved, ranging from pure chemistry to material science, from chemical engineering to physical chemistry, in this reprint there are common characteristics connecting the areas together, and they can be described by two words: sustainability and catalysis.

acetylene hydrogenation --- kinetic model --- catalyst decay --- process modeling --- Al2O3 --- bimetallic catalyst --- syngas --- methane --- partial oxidation --- ZrO2 --- metal–organic framework --- bimetallic metal–organic frameworks --- decarboxylative amidation --- polymeric catalytic membranes --- electrospinning --- HMF oxidation --- glucose --- biochemicals --- MCM-41 --- bimetallic --- reactivity --- product selectivity --- neem --- mint --- nZVI synthesis --- lead --- nickel --- soil remediation --- ethanol steam reforming --- Ni/CeO2 --- microemulsion --- coke resistance --- lanthanum doping --- hydrodeoxygenation --- guaiacol --- regeneration --- catalyst deactivation --- n/a --- metal-organic framework --- bimetallic metal-organic frameworks

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Currently, cobalt and related catalysts are very attractive as they provide many advantages, such as low cost and high activity, in a variety of applications. Cobalt catalysts are among the most active catalysts for Fischer–Tropsch synthesis and they promote the catalytic activity of the hydrodesulfurization catalysts. They also found other significant applications in environmental protection such as oxidation of volatile organic compounds, VOC, persulfate activator, ammonia synthesis, electrocatalysis and many more. Cobalt catalysts are active, stable and exhibit significant oxidation–reduction activity, as the Co can be found either as Co(II) or Co(III). Additionally, many molecules can interact with the cobalt supported phase by co-ordination due to partially filled d-orbital. Co-catalysts can be supported in almost all the inorganic supports such as alumina, titania, zeolites, etc. The cobalt oxide phase can be stabilized on the surface of the support due to variable interactions between the support and cobalt phase. These interactions are crucial for catalytic activity and can be regulated by proper selection of the preparation parameters such as the type of support, the Co loading, impregnation method and thermal conditions.This Special Issue aims to cover recent progress and advances in the field of cobalt and related catalysts.

Technology: general issues --- electrocatalyst --- oxygen reduction reaction --- Al-air battery --- biomass --- nitrogen-doped carbon --- halloysite --- hierarchical materials --- p-xylene oxidation --- terephthalic acid --- cobalt catalyst --- titania --- diffuse reflectance spectroscopy --- sulfamethaxazole --- persulfates --- point of zero charge --- Co-ZSM-5 --- UV-Vis diffuse reflection spectroscopy --- FTIR spectroscopy --- pyridine adsorption --- CO adsorption --- Fischer-Tropsch synthesis --- bimetallic catalyst --- cobalt-nickel alloys --- TPR-XANES/EXAFS --- superstructures --- bicontinuous microemulsion --- oxygen evolution reaction --- metal-metal oxides