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To counter lubricant shortage at a frictional contact (starvation), lubrication liquids, e.g. oils, are actively transported from a distant location towards the undersupplied tribocontact. This is done via small channels or generally via structures cut into a flat surface. In this way one can use capillary force as a cheap and reliable driver of the lubricant flow. Numerical modeling and experiments show that this method can be considered a promising new option to enhance tribocontact operation.

starvation --- Mangelschmierung --- microchannel --- Kapillarkraft --- Schmierung --- capillary --- tribocontact --- Reibkontakt --- lubrication --- Mikrokanal

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Microfluidic techniques are becoming widely incorporated into medical diagnostic systems due to the inherent advantages of miniaturization. In Microfluidic Diagnostics: Methods in Molecular Biology, researchers in the field detail methods and protocols covering subjects such as microfluidic device fabrication, on-chip sample preparation, diagnostic applications and detection methodologies. The protocols described range from cutting-edge developments to established techniques and basic demonstrations suitable for education and training; from basic fabrication methods to commercializing research. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology™ series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and key tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls.   Authoritative and practical, Microfluidic Diagnostics: Methods in Molecular Biology seeks to aid scientists in the further development and commercialization of microfluidic diagnostic technologies.

Biotechnology. --- Microreactors. --- Microengineering. --- Chemical engineering --- Genetic engineering --- Micro-chemical engineering --- Microchannel reactors --- Microfabricated reactors --- Microreaction technology --- Mini-scale reactors --- Nano-scale reactors --- Chemical reactors

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With the ultimate goal of systematically and robustly defining the specific perturbations necessary to alter a cellular phenotype, systems metabolic engineering has the potential to lead to a complete cell model capable of simulating cell and metabolic function as well as predicting phenotypic response to changes in media, gene knockouts/overexpressions, or the incorporation of heterologous pathways.  In Systems Metabolic Engineering: Methods and Protocols, experts in the field describe the methodologies and approaches in the area of systems metabolic engineering and provide a step-by-step guide for their implementation. Four major tenants of this approach are addressed, including modeling and simulation, multiplexed genome engineering, ‘omics technologies, and large data-set incorporation and synthesis, all elucidated through the use of model host organisms.  Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology™ series format, chapters include introductions on their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls.   Comprehensive and cutting-edge, Systems Metabolic Engineering: Methods and Protocols serves as an ideal guide for metabolic engineers, molecular biologists, and microbiologists aiming to implement the most recent approaches available in the field.

Biotechnology. --- Microreactors. --- Metabolism. --- Microengineering. --- Metabolomics. --- Micro-chemical engineering --- Microchannel reactors --- Microfabricated reactors --- Microreaction technology --- Mini-scale reactors --- Nano-scale reactors --- Chemical reactors --- Anabolism --- Catabolism --- Metabolism, Primary --- Primary metabolism --- Biochemistry --- Physiology --- Chemical engineering --- Genetic engineering

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The development of micro- and nanodevices for blood analysis is an interdisciplinary subject that demands the integration of several research fields, such as biotechnology, medicine, chemistry, informatics, optics, electronics, mechanics, and micro/nanotechnologies. Over the last few decades, there has been a notably fast development in the miniaturization of mechanical microdevices, later known as microelectromechanical systems (MEMS), which combine electrical and mechanical components at a microscale level. The integration of microflow and optical components in MEMS microdevices, as well as the development of micropumps and microvalves, have promoted the interest of several research fields dealing with fluid flow and transport phenomena happening in microscale devices. Microfluidic systems have many advantages over their macroscale counterparts, offering the ability to work with small sample volumes, providing good manipulation and control of samples, decreasing reaction times, and allowing parallel operations in one single step. As a consequence, microdevices offer great potential for the development of portable and point-of-care diagnostic devices, particularly for blood analysis. Moreover, the recent progress in nanotechnology has contributed to its increasing popularity, and has expanded the areas of application of microfluidic devices, including in the manipulation and analysis of flows on the scale of DNA, proteins, and nanoparticles (nanoflows). In this Special Issue, we invited contributions (original research papers, review articles, and brief communications) that focus on the latest advances and challenges in micro- and nanodevices for diagnostics and blood analysis, micro- and nanofluidics, technologies for flow visualization, MEMS, biochips, and lab-on-a-chip devices and their application to research and industry. We hope to provide an opportunity to the engineering and biomedical community to exchange knowledge and information and to bring together researchers who are interested in the general field of MEMS and micro/nanofluidics and, especially, in its applications to biomedical areas.

red blood cells --- n/a --- metastatic potential --- microfluidic devices --- microstructure --- lens-less --- regression analysis --- power-law fluid --- narrow rectangular microchannel --- biomedical coatings --- XTC-YF cells --- red blood cell (RBC) aggregation --- Y-27632 --- finite element method --- POCT --- CEA detection --- immersed boundary method --- suspension --- particle tracking velocimetry --- biomicrofluidics --- computational fluid dynamics --- red blood cells (RBCs) --- modified conventional erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) method --- computational biomechanics --- RBC aggregation index --- microfabrication --- microfluidics --- morphological analysis --- chronic renal disease --- multiple microfluidic channels --- centrifugal microfluidic device --- deformability --- master molder using xurography technique --- fluorescent chemiluminescence --- hydrophobic dish --- pressure-driven flow --- cell deformability --- mechanophenotyping --- separation and sorting techniques --- density medium --- cell adhesion --- polymers --- rheology --- circular microchannel --- blood on chips --- multinucleated cells --- velocity --- cell analysis --- microfluidic chip --- twin-image removal --- cancer --- Lattice–Boltzmann method --- diabetes --- hyperbolic microchannel --- Lattice-Boltzmann method

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This book offers the latest research and recommended models on the microsized cooling system, which not only significantly reduces the weight load but also enhances the capability to remove a much greater amount of heat than any large-scale cooling systems. A detailed reference to microchannel phase change (boiling and condensation) includes recommended models and correlations for various requirements such as pressure loss and heat transfer coefficient. Researchers, engineers, designers, and students will benefit from the collated, state-of-the-art research that is found in this book and its systematic addressing of the relevant issues and provision of a good reference for solving problems of critical analysis.

Heat --- Integrated circuits --- Microreactors. --- Transmission. --- Cooling. --- Micro-chemical engineering --- Microchannel reactors --- Microfabricated reactors --- Microreaction technology --- Mini-scale reactors --- Nano-scale reactors --- Chemical reactors --- Chips (Electronics) --- Circuits, Integrated --- Computer chips --- Microchips --- Electronic circuits --- Microelectronics --- Heat transfer --- Thermal transfer --- Transmission of heat --- Energy transfer