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Like all branches of physics and engineering, electromagnetics relies on mathematical methods for modeling, simulation, and design procedures in all of its aspects (radiation, propagation, scattering, imaging, etc.). Originally, rigorous analytical techniques were the only machinery available to produce any useful results. In the 1960s and 1970s, emphasis was placed on asymptotic techniques, which produced approximations of the fields for very high frequencies when closed-form solutions were not feasible. Later, when computers demonstrated explosive progress, numerical techniques were utilized to develop approximate results of controllable accuracy for arbitrary geometries. In this Special Issue, the most recent advances in the aforementioned approaches are presented to illustrate the state-of-the-art mathematical techniques in electromagnetics.

History of engineering & technology --- cubic-quartic Schrödinger equation --- cubic-quartic resonant Schrödinger equation --- parabolic law --- wave field transformation --- finite difference method --- Cole-Cole model --- Monte Carlo simulations --- percolation --- conductivity --- carbon nanotubes composite --- optical parametric amplification --- non-linear wave mixing --- micro-resonator --- optimization --- MRI system --- birdcage coil --- birdcage configurations --- coil capacitance --- analytical solution --- equivalent circuit modelling --- T-matrix theory --- 3D-EM simulation --- small volume RF coil --- method of auxiliary sources (MAS) --- electromagnetic scattering --- wedge --- numerical methods --- accuracy --- coil gun --- reluctance --- electromagnetic launcher --- mechatronics --- electronics --- mechanics --- simulation --- RoboCup --- magnetic field strength --- magnetic flux density --- magnetic potential --- current density --- power transmission line --- electromagnetic modelling --- integral formulation --- skin effect --- thin shell approach --- mutual inductance --- finite element method --- partial element equivalent circuit method --- magnetite nanoparticles --- Mie scattering theory --- near infrared laser --- photothermal therapy --- bioheat transfer --- diffusion approximation --- Arrhenius integral --- breast cancer --- air-core pulsed alternator --- electromagnetic rail launcher --- coupled analysis --- computational electromagnetics --- integral formulations --- cubic-quartic Schrödinger equation --- cubic-quartic resonant Schrödinger equation --- parabolic law --- wave field transformation --- finite difference method --- Cole-Cole model --- Monte Carlo simulations --- percolation --- conductivity --- carbon nanotubes composite --- optical parametric amplification --- non-linear wave mixing --- micro-resonator --- optimization --- MRI system --- birdcage coil --- birdcage configurations --- coil capacitance --- analytical solution --- equivalent circuit modelling --- T-matrix theory --- 3D-EM simulation --- small volume RF coil --- method of auxiliary sources (MAS) --- electromagnetic scattering --- wedge --- numerical methods --- accuracy --- coil gun --- reluctance --- electromagnetic launcher --- mechatronics --- electronics --- mechanics --- simulation --- RoboCup --- magnetic field strength --- magnetic flux density --- magnetic potential --- current density --- power transmission line --- electromagnetic modelling --- integral formulation --- skin effect --- thin shell approach --- mutual inductance --- finite element method --- partial element equivalent circuit method --- magnetite nanoparticles --- Mie scattering theory --- near infrared laser --- photothermal therapy --- bioheat transfer --- diffusion approximation --- Arrhenius integral --- breast cancer --- air-core pulsed alternator --- electromagnetic rail launcher --- coupled analysis --- computational electromagnetics --- integral formulations

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The present book focuses on that part of calculus of variations, optimization, nonlinear analysis and related applications which combines tools and methods from partial differential equations with geometrical techniques. More precisely, this work is devoted to nonlinear problems coming from different areas, with particular reference to those introducing new techniques capable of solving a wide range of problems. The book is a valuable guide for researchers, engineers and students in the field of mathematics, operations research, optimal control science, artificial intelligence, management science and economics.

Research & information: general --- Mathematics & science --- well posedness --- constrained variational control problem --- monotonicity --- pseudomonotonicity --- hemicontinuity --- multiple integral functional --- lower semicontinuity --- fractional differential equations --- fractional derivative of Riemann-Liouville type --- integral boundary value problems --- Green's functions --- Guo-Krasnosel'skii fixed point theorem in cones --- sublinearity and superlinearity --- Arzelà-Ascoli Theorem --- multi-objective programming --- fractional transportation problem --- intuitionistic fuzzy set --- parametric programming --- convex function --- h-convex function --- Hermite-Hadamard inequality --- Caputo-Fabrizio fractional integral --- Jensen inequality --- Jensen-Mercer inequality --- multiobjective programs with vanishing constraints --- semidefinite programming --- convexificators --- nonsmooth analysis --- constraint qualifications --- interval-valued function --- Riemann integral --- LR-convex interval-valued function --- interval Hermite-Hadamard inequality --- interval Hermite-Hadamard-Fejér inequality --- Lieb concavity theorem --- deformed exponential --- Pick function --- convexity of matrix --- low carbon inventory --- discount --- payment in advance --- price-sensitive demand --- emission reduction --- advances of SDO --- applications of SDO --- metaheuristic optimization --- nature-inspired algorithms --- optimization problems --- spiral dynamics optimization --- spiral-inspired optimization algorithms --- spiral paths --- (p,s)-convex fuzzy-interval-valued function --- fuzzy Riemann integral --- Jensen type inequality --- Schur type inequality --- Hermite-Hadamard type inequality --- Hermite-Hadamard-Fejér type inequality --- inverse geometric problem --- Laplace equation --- method of fundamental solution --- least-square problem --- micro resonator --- fractal --- multistability --- safe jump --- hidden attractor --- chaos --- basin of attraction --- LR-Harmonically convexity --- fractional integral operator --- Hermite-Hadamard type inequalities --- multimodal multi-objective optimization --- manta ray foraging optimizer --- non-dominated solution --- crowing distance --- engineering design problem --- optimal power flow --- renewable energy sources --- improved chaos game optimization --- TD-TI controller --- load frequency control --- electrical vehicles --- well posedness --- constrained variational control problem --- monotonicity --- pseudomonotonicity --- hemicontinuity --- multiple integral functional --- lower semicontinuity --- fractional differential equations --- fractional derivative of Riemann-Liouville type --- integral boundary value problems --- Green's functions --- Guo-Krasnosel'skii fixed point theorem in cones --- sublinearity and superlinearity --- Arzelà-Ascoli Theorem --- multi-objective programming --- fractional transportation problem --- intuitionistic fuzzy set --- parametric programming --- convex function --- h-convex function --- Hermite-Hadamard inequality --- Caputo-Fabrizio fractional integral --- Jensen inequality --- Jensen-Mercer inequality --- multiobjective programs with vanishing constraints --- semidefinite programming --- convexificators --- nonsmooth analysis --- constraint qualifications --- interval-valued function --- Riemann integral --- LR-convex interval-valued function --- interval Hermite-Hadamard inequality --- interval Hermite-Hadamard-Fejér inequality --- Lieb concavity theorem --- deformed exponential --- Pick function --- convexity of matrix --- low carbon inventory --- discount --- payment in advance --- price-sensitive demand --- emission reduction --- advances of SDO --- applications of SDO --- metaheuristic optimization --- nature-inspired algorithms --- optimization problems --- spiral dynamics optimization --- spiral-inspired optimization algorithms --- spiral paths --- (p,s)-convex fuzzy-interval-valued function --- fuzzy Riemann integral --- Jensen type inequality --- Schur type inequality --- Hermite-Hadamard type inequality --- Hermite-Hadamard-Fejér type inequality --- inverse geometric problem --- Laplace equation --- method of fundamental solution --- least-square problem --- micro resonator --- fractal --- multistability --- safe jump --- hidden attractor --- chaos --- basin of attraction --- LR-Harmonically convexity --- fractional integral operator --- Hermite-Hadamard type inequalities --- multimodal multi-objective optimization --- manta ray foraging optimizer --- non-dominated solution --- crowing distance --- engineering design problem --- optimal power flow --- renewable energy sources --- improved chaos game optimization --- TD-TI controller --- load frequency control --- electrical vehicles