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The endometrium has been the subject of intense research in a variety of clinical settings, because of its importance in the reproductive process and its role in women’s health. In the past 15 years, significant efforts have been invested in defining the molecular phenotype of the receptive phase endometrium as well as of various endometrial pathologies. Although this has generated a wealth of information on the molecular landscape of human endometrium, there is a need to complement this information in light of the novel methodologies and innovative technical approaches. The focus of this International Journal of Molecular Sciences Special Issue is on molecular and cellular mechanisms of endometrium and endometrium-related disorders. The progress made in the molecular actions of steroids, in the metabolism of steroids and intracrinology, in endometrial intracellular pathways, in stem cells biology, as well as in the molecular alterations underlying endometrium-related pathologies has been the focus of the reviews and papers included.

endometrial stromal cells --- endometrial cell --- uterine cancer --- regeneration --- stem cell markers --- RANK --- chronic endometritis --- small RNA sequencing --- HOXA10 --- Vitamin D --- PPP2R1A --- molecular marker --- translational research --- angiogenesis --- endometriosis --- oestradiol --- mtDNA mutations --- antioxidant response --- protein phosphatase --- SMAP --- circulating tumour cells (CTCs) --- circulating tumour DNA (ctDNA) --- estrogen dependent --- endometrial regeneration --- mesenchymal stem cells --- endometrial cancer --- niche --- gene expression --- phosphoinositide 3-kinase --- lncRNAs --- mitochondrial biogenesis --- inflammation --- preclinical studies --- miRNA --- orthoxenograft --- tight junction --- proliferation --- aromatase --- testosterone --- CRISPR/Cas9 --- endometrium --- developmental pathway --- PP2A --- avatar --- infertility --- prognosis --- gene editing --- kinase inhibitor --- implantation --- haploinsufficiency --- contrast-enhanced CT scan --- pathway --- dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) --- CTCF --- PIK3CB --- zinc finger --- ectopic stroma --- liquid biopsy --- type II endometrial carcinoma --- eutopic and ectopic endometrium --- preclinical models --- EDN1 --- uterine aspirate --- cell contacts --- tumour suppressor gene --- pathogenomics --- mitochondrial dynamics --- adult stem cells --- PIK3CA --- murine models --- menstrual cycle --- immunomodulation --- decidualisation --- breakdown --- bioluminescence imaging --- protein kinase --- macrophages --- adherens junction --- exosomes --- immunohistochemistry --- orthotopic xenograft model --- decidualization --- p110? --- deficit of complex I --- targeted therapy --- mesenchymal stem cell --- sulfatase --- TRP channels --- personalized medicine --- mitophagy --- miR-375 --- migration --- microRNA --- gap junction --- cancer --- LGR5 --- miR-139-5p