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The mezzotint, also known as "English manner" due to its particular blossoming in the English 18th century at the time when the duke of Hanover and the British dynasty were British, is the first graphic technique in which flat tonal values ​​and tonal gradations could be created beyond line and hatching. Painterly values ​​could be created and painterly works reproduced. In contrast to the line-bound techniques of copperplate engraving and etching, mechanical roughening and its smoothing allowed tones from velvety black to pure white. Invention and perfection, use and dissemination, tradition building and experimental potential of this printing technology can be demonstrated using the mezzotint works of the graphic collection of the University of Göttingen and some loans: 105 works demonstrate the first experiments by German and Dutch amateurs and artists, technical perfections in the printing centers in Augsburg and Nuremberg, adaptations in France and Italy, independence of the medium in England and experimental use as an artistic means of expression in early German mo Die Schabkunst, aufgrund ihrer besonderen Blüte im englischen 18. Jahrhundert zur Zeit der Personalunion hannoverscher Herzogs- und britischer Königswürde auch „Englische Manier“ genannt, ist die erste grafische Technik, in der über Linie und Schraffur hinaus flächige Tonwerte und Tonwertabstufungen geschaffen werden konnten. Malerische Werte ließen sich erzeugen und malerische Werke nachbilden. Anders als in den liniengebundenen Techniken des Kupferstichs und der Radierung ermöglichten mechanische Aufrauhung und deren dosierte Glättung Töne von samtigem Schwarz bis zu reinem Weiß. Erfindung und Perfektionierung, Nutzung und Verbreitung, Traditionsbildung und Experimentalpotential dieser druckgrafischen Technik können anhand der Schabkunstwerke der Grafischen Sammlung der Universität Göttingen und einiger Leihgaben vorgeführt werden: 105 Werke demonstrieren erste Experimente deutscher und niederländischer Laien und Künstler, technische Perfektionierungen in den druckgrafischen Zentren Augsburg und Nürnberg, Adaptionen in Frankreich und Italien, Verselbständigung des Mediums in England und experimentelle Verwendung als künstlerisches Ausdrucksmittel in der deutschen Frühmoderne. Funktionsgebundene Nutzung als Medium der Gemäldereproduktion und lebensnahen Bildniskunst, und erstmals als Naturnähe ermöglichendes Dokumentationsmittel in den frühneuzeitlichen Naturwissenschaften werden thematisiert.

Mezzotint engraving --- Mezzotints --- Engraving --- Graphic arts --- mezzotints [prints] --- reproductive prints --- mezzotint [process] --- anno 1700-1799 --- England

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Esoteric sciences --- History of civilization --- mezzotint [process] --- cults [group or movement] --- cultuurgeschiedenis --- bijgeloof

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"Bill Traylor (ca. 1853-1949) is regarded today as one of the most important American artists of the twentieth century. A black man born into slavery in Alabama, he was an eyewitness to history--the Civil War, Emancipation, Reconstruction, Jim Crow segregation, the Great Migration, and the steady rise of African American urban culture in the South. Traylor would not live to see the civil rights movement, but he was among those who laid its foundation. Starting around 1939, Traylor--by then in his late eighties and living on the streets of Montgomery--took up pencil and paintbrush to attest to his existence and point of view. In keeping with this radical step, the paintings and drawings he made are visually striking and politically assertive; they include simple yet powerful distillations of tales and memories as well as spare, vibrantly colored abstractions. When Traylor died, he left behind more than one thousand works of art. In Between Worlds: The Art of Bill Traylor, Leslie Umberger considers more than two hundred artworks to provide the most comprehensive and in-depth study of the artist to date; she examines his life, art, and powerful drive to bear witness through the only means he had, pictures. The author draws on a wealth of historical documents--including federal and state census records, birth and death certificates, slave schedules, and interviews with family members-- to clarify the record of Traylor's personal history and family life. The story of his art opens in the late 1930s, when Traylor first received attention for his pencil drawings on found board, and concludes with the posthumous success of his oeuvre"--

Outsider art --- 741.07 --- 75.07 --- 7.077 --- Traylor, Bill 1853-1949 (Verenigde Staten) --- Outsider Art --- Afro-Amerikaanse kunst --- Naive art --- Art --- Tekenkunst ; tekenkunstenaars A - Z --- Schilderkunst ; schilders --- Amateurkunstenaars --- Traylor, Bill, --- mezzotint [process] --- outsider art --- African American --- Traylor, Bill

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mezzotint [process] --- homosexuality --- racial discrimination --- civil rights --- Baldwin, James --- United States of America --- Avedon, Richard --- Welling, James --- Bachardy, Don --- Delaney, Beauford --- Dumas, Marlene --- Neel, Alice --- Atget, Eugène --- Akunyili Crosby, Njideka --- Pérez, Elle --- Rowland, Cameron --- Arbus, Diane --- Walker, Kara --- Ligon, Glenn

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Basquiat first came to prominence when he collaborated with Al Diaz to spray-paint enigmatic statements under the pseudonym SAMO©. He went on to work on collages, Xerox art, postcards, performances, and music before establishing his reputation as one of the most important painters of his generation. Accompanying a major exhibition at the Barbican Art Gallery, this book opens with introductory essays from the curators, which place his practice in a wider art historical context and look at his career through the lens of performance.Six thematic chapters offer new research, with essays from poet Christian Campbell on SAMO©; curator Carlo McCormick on New York / New Wave; writer Glenn OBrien on the downtown scene; academic Jordana Moore Saggese on Basquiats relationship to film and television; and music scholar Francesco Martinelli on Basquiats obsession with jazz. This insightful new survey also features extended captions, rare archival material, and extensive photography, demonstrating how Basquiats legacy remains more powerful and relevant than ever today.

Art --- mezzotint [process] --- graffiti artists --- graffiti art --- Expressionist [style] --- painters [artists] --- #breakthecanon --- Basquiat, Jean-Michel --- 75.07 --- Basquiat, Jean-Michel 1960-1988 (°Brooklyn, New York, USA) --- Schilderkunst ; Performance ; Muziek ; Film --- Schilderkunst ; schilders --- Art, American --- Graffiti --- Art and music --- Popular culture in art --- Basquiat, Jean-Michel,