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This book describes the causes, diagnosis, and effects of food allergy. It goes deeper into the molecular and cellular mechanisms of food allergy and, in particular, into effects of the processing of certain nutrients, e.g., cow’s milk on the allergenicity of proteins. The book also focuses on new nutrients, e.g., seaweed, and possible effects on allergy and inflammation.

Research & information: general --- Chemistry --- cow’s milk protein --- peptides --- Caco-2 cell --- immunogenicity --- allergenicity --- glycation --- oral food challenge --- successful introduction --- children --- food allergy --- allergy --- cow’s milk --- hens egg --- peanut --- hazelnut --- glutenin --- methylglyoxal --- allergic reaction --- gut microflora --- heat-processing --- skin-gut-axis --- cutaneous sensitization --- atopic dermatitis --- microbiota --- diet history --- allergenic protein --- thresholds --- eliciting dose --- bite size --- hen’s egg --- birch pollen --- Bet v 1 --- OAS --- pear --- oral challenge --- seaweed --- inflammation --- oral --- diagnosis --- extracts --- oral allergy syndrome --- skin prick test --- specific IgE --- baked milk --- tolerance --- n/a --- cow's milk protein --- cow's milk --- hen's egg

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Food cannot be only considered a combination of constituents with different nutritional values, but its relevance for humans can be fully understood by also taking into account other aspects such as history, culture, ecology, and the environment. Overall, assuming that access to food is secured for all people, traditional dietary patterns are considered safe in terms of longevity, healthy ageing, and morbidity. Indeed, healthy diets have been associated with a reduced risk and incidence of chronic degenerative diseases including cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, metabolic syndrome, certain types of cancers, and neurodegenerative disorders. In general, healthy dietary habits include a low consumption of refined sugars, red meat, and saturated fats, as well as a high intake of fruit, vegetables, legumes, low-fat dairy products, and healthy lipids (from seafood). As an example, the Mediterranean diet can be considered the archetype of a health-promoting lifestyle by virtue of the phytochemical diversity of its food components.

Verbenaceae --- isoprenoids --- β-caryophyllene --- flavonoids --- anthocyanins --- antiradical capacity --- DPPH --- maqui --- murta --- calafate --- arrayán --- Chilean strawberry --- berries --- functional foods --- Mangifera indica --- mango --- UPLC --- ESI-MS --- polyphenols --- xanthonoids --- gallotannins --- hydroxybenzophenones --- mass spectrometry --- antioxidant --- antitumoral --- corn silk --- cumin --- tamarind --- aqueous extracts --- form --- postprandial glycemia --- postprandial insulinemia --- advanced glycation end products --- anti-glycation --- glycative stress --- glyoxalase --- methylglyoxal --- cytokine --- nutrients --- food composition --- African --- Caribbean --- macronutrients --- energy --- vitamins and minerals --- wild Italian Prunus spinosa L. fruit --- blackthorn --- phenolic compounds --- antimicrobial --- ceramides --- lipids --- functional food --- nutraceuticals --- traditional food --- Mediterranean diet --- Nordic diet --- overweight --- obesity --- cardiovascular disease --- bioactive phytochemicals

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Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is one of the most common adverse medical conditions that occurs during pregnancy, and its prevalence is rising as part of a diabetes pandemic. Nutrition plays a key role in GDM, whether (1) as part of an ‘unhealthy’ diet, which contributes to its cause, or (2) as part of changes in dietary intake, which act as the frontline treatment for GDM (sometimes supplemented with exercise and pharmacological intervention). Dietary changes, therefore, can alter the risk of developing GDM in the first place, and once GDM has emerged during pregnancy, dietary changes can mitigate the risk of developing GDM-related complications, such as macrosomia, respiratory distress, hypoglycemia and jaundice in the neonate, pre eclampsia, increased need for caesarean section and placental abruption in the mother. In this Special Issue, we aim to highlight the role of nutrition in the aetiology of GDM, whether directly or indirectly through weight gain and obesity, and in its role as a GDM treatment to lower hyperglycemia and the risk of the aforementioned complications.

Research & information: general --- Biology, life sciences --- Food & society --- microbiome --- pregnancy --- obesity --- ketonuria --- Roseburia --- diet --- food frequency questionnaire --- glucose --- insulin secretion --- human milk --- breastfeeding --- gestational diabetes mellitus --- insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus --- preterm newborn --- gestational diabetes --- dietary patterns --- maternal nutrition --- dietary adaptations --- glycemic index --- postprandial glycemic response --- blood glucose prediction --- diabetes --- gestational weight gain --- macrosomia --- adiposity --- neonate --- exercise --- physical activity --- dietary carbohydrates --- diabetes-specific formula --- continuous glucose monitoring --- glycemic variability --- carbohydrate distribution --- mean amplitude of glucose --- breakfast diet --- platelet-activating factor --- tumor necrosis factor α --- methylglyoxal --- glycated albumin --- endocrine disruptors --- endocrine-disrupting chemicals --- bisphenol A --- BPA --- phthalates --- pregnancy outcomes --- eating speed --- cohort study --- prevention --- nutrition --- polyphenolic compounds --- bioactive compounds --- leptin resistance --- inflammation --- Mediterranean diet

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This Special Issue provides 15 research articles and 4 comprehensive review articles on various aspects of plant–metal/metalloid interactions. - Up-to-date information on plant responses to metals/metalloids are published. - Various mechanisms of plant tolerance to metals’/metalloids’ toxicity are presented. - Exogenous applications of mitigating metals’/metalloids’ toxicity are discussed. - Sustainable technologies in growing plants in metal/metalloid-contaminated environments are discussed. - Phytoremediation techniques for the remediation of metals/metalloids are discussed.

Research & information: general --- Biology, life sciences --- Botany & plant sciences --- metal stress --- toxicity --- silicon --- Si-fertilization --- genomics --- transporter genes --- cadmium toxicity --- oxidative stress --- antioxidative defense system --- photosynthetic pigments --- environmental pollution --- phytoextraction --- cadmium --- biostimulation --- oxidative damage --- metal toxicity --- sulphur nutrition --- stress mitigation --- cation exchange capacity --- glutathione --- agriculture --- Cd stress --- environmental --- gene expression --- PGPB --- switchgrass --- P. fasciculatum --- heavy metals --- tolerant plant --- protein carbonylation --- photosynthesis proteins --- mining soils --- thiols --- phenolic metabolites --- organic acids --- lead --- castor beans --- citric acid --- antioxidant enzyme --- antioxidant system --- ethylene --- glyoxalase system --- photosynthesis --- proline metabolism --- zinc --- jute varieties --- copper stress --- phytoremediation --- bioaccumulation factor --- translocation factor --- growth --- copper toxicity --- micronutrient deficiency --- iron --- nicotianamine --- histidine --- Cu-chelation --- lead pollution --- antioxidants --- bentonite --- grain biochemistry --- biochar --- maize hybrids --- nickel --- nutrients --- translocation --- heavy metal --- reactive oxygen species --- oxidative burst --- Rhododendron arboreum --- Vigna radiata --- enzymes activity --- chromium (Cr) --- polyphenols --- abiotic stress --- antioxidant defense --- methylglyoxal --- organic acid --- ripening physiology --- silver --- chemical elicitors --- chili --- fibrous crop --- environmental pollutants --- morphological traits --- soil remediation --- chelating agents --- chromium --- wastewater --- sunflower --- biomass --- chlorophyll contents

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This Special Issue, “Plant Oxidative Stress: Biology, Physiology, and Mitigation”, published 11 original research works and 1 review article that discussed the various aspects of ROS Biology, metabolism, and the physiological mechanisms and approaches to mitigating oxidative stress. These types of research studies show further directions for the development of crop plants that are tolerant to abiotic stress in the era of climate change.

heat stress --- grafting --- cucumber --- bitter-melon rootstock --- polyamines --- photosynthesis --- salicylic acid --- chlorophyll fluorescence --- excess boron --- lipid peroxidation --- enzymatic antioxidant --- glutathione --- proline --- stomatal conductance --- arsenic stress --- soybean --- growth --- antioxidant enzymes --- ascorbate–glutathione cycle --- glyoxalase system --- altitudinal variation --- antioxidant activity --- bioactive compounds --- endemic species --- oxidative damage --- sequential application of antioxidants --- salinity --- Cucumis sativus --- photosynthetic efficiency --- antioxidant defense systems --- antioxidants --- cadmium --- oxidative stress --- peptone --- spinach --- alpha-tocopherol --- foliar spray --- okra varieties --- salt --- drought --- plants --- ROS --- genomics --- approaches --- integration --- abiotic stress --- antioxidant defense --- phytohormones --- pulse crop --- water deficit --- AsA-GSH pathway --- methylglyoxal --- micronutrient --- osmoregulation --- reactive oxygen species --- trace elements --- Olea europaea L. --- selenium biofortification --- olive pollen --- cytosolic Ca2+ --- Cucurbita pepo (L.) --- mineral uptake --- nucleic acids --- n/a --- ascorbate-glutathione cycle