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This eBook is a collection of articles from a Frontiers Research Topic. Frontiers Research Topics are very popular trademarks of the Frontiers Journals Series: they are collections of at least ten articles, all centered on a particular subject. With their unique mix of varied contributions from Original Research to Review Articles, Frontiers Research Topics unify the most influential researchers, the latest key findings and historical advances in a hot research area! Find out more on how to host your own Frontiers Research Topic or contribute to one as an author by contacting the Frontiers Editorial Office: frontiersin.org/about/contact

Science: general issues --- Physiology --- reactive oxygen species --- pathological mechanisms --- mitochondria --- hemoglobin-/heme scavengers --- endoplasmatic reticulum --- metabolic dysfunction --- reactive oxygen species --- pathological mechanisms --- mitochondria --- hemoglobin-/heme scavengers --- endoplasmatic reticulum --- metabolic dysfunction

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Cardiology and cardiovascular sciences are two rapidly growing areas in medicine, with heart diseases being the number one cause of death worldwide. The last four decades have witnessed many developments in various cardiological sciences, including coronary artery disease, valve disease, heart failure, congenital heart diseases, and cardiovascular imaging, with a number of newly developed concepts, such as cardio-oncology, cardio-renal diseases, and preventive cardiology. This Special Issue (SI) of the Journal of Clinical Medicine, entitled “JCM-Advances in Cardiology”, focuses on recent advances in the cardiological sciences. It published 8 research articles of significant clinical and scientific value.

Medicine --- Pharmacology --- ST segment elevation myocardial infarction --- COVID-19 --- primary percutaneous intervention --- Coptic clergy --- mortality --- cardiovascular risk factors --- prevalence --- major adverse events --- obesity --- ACE2 --- renin-angiotensin system --- extraction --- reimplantation --- pacing --- ICD --- CRT --- dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) --- LMNA --- lamin A --- lamin C --- next generation sequencing (NGS) --- myocarditis --- arrhythmias --- telemonitoring --- implantable cardioverter defibrillator --- implantable loop recorder --- Holter ECG --- metabolic-dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) --- hepatic steatosis --- SteatoTest --- adipokines --- adiponectin --- visfatin --- cardiovascular disease --- ST segment elevation myocardial infarction --- COVID-19 --- primary percutaneous intervention --- Coptic clergy --- mortality --- cardiovascular risk factors --- prevalence --- major adverse events --- obesity --- ACE2 --- renin-angiotensin system --- extraction --- reimplantation --- pacing --- ICD --- CRT --- dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) --- LMNA --- lamin A --- lamin C --- next generation sequencing (NGS) --- myocarditis --- arrhythmias --- telemonitoring --- implantable cardioverter defibrillator --- implantable loop recorder --- Holter ECG --- metabolic-dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) --- hepatic steatosis --- SteatoTest --- adipokines --- adiponectin --- visfatin --- cardiovascular disease

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Cardiology and cardiovascular sciences are two rapidly growing areas in medicine, with heart diseases being the number one cause of death worldwide. The last four decades have witnessed many developments in various cardiological sciences, including coronary artery disease, valve disease, heart failure, congenital heart diseases, and cardiovascular imaging, with a number of newly developed concepts, such as cardio-oncology, cardio-renal diseases, and preventive cardiology. This Special Issue (SI) of the Journal of Clinical Medicine, entitled “JCM-Advances in Cardiology”, focuses on recent advances in the cardiological sciences. It published 8 research articles of significant clinical and scientific value.

ST segment elevation myocardial infarction --- COVID-19 --- primary percutaneous intervention --- Coptic clergy --- mortality --- cardiovascular risk factors --- prevalence --- major adverse events --- obesity --- ACE2 --- renin–angiotensin system --- extraction --- reimplantation --- pacing --- ICD --- CRT --- dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) --- LMNA --- lamin A --- lamin C --- next generation sequencing (NGS) --- myocarditis --- arrhythmias --- telemonitoring --- implantable cardioverter defibrillator --- implantable loop recorder --- Holter ECG --- metabolic-dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) --- hepatic steatosis --- SteatoTest --- adipokines --- adiponectin --- visfatin --- cardiovascular disease --- n/a --- renin-angiotensin system

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Several lines of evidence indicate that healthy diet and exercise can prevent cardiovascular diseases, stroke, diabetes, and some types of cancer such as colon cancer, and smoking-related cancers. Dietary patterns defined as the quantities, proportions, variety, or combination of different foods and drinks, and the frequency with which they are habitually consumed are also associated with an increased or decreased incidence of chronic diseases. Lately, an association has been found between eating habits, exercise, and psychological and/or mental disorders. This Special Issue of Nutrients, entitled “Dietary Habits, Beneficial Exercise, and Chronic Diseases: Latest Advances and Prospects”, contains 20 manuscripts, either describing original research or reviewing the scientific literature, focused on the relationship between dietary habits (macronutrients, micronutrients, etc.) and/or exercise with metabolic, cardiovascular, neurological, mental, rheumatic, inflammatory, gastrointestinal, odontostomatological, and other chronic diseases.

Research & information: general --- Biology, life sciences --- Food & society --- muscle wasting --- cachexia --- sarcopenia --- probiotics --- prebiotics --- Lactobacillus --- intestinal permeability --- gut-brain axis --- health literacy --- education --- food --- students --- healthy lifestyle --- β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) --- body mass index (BMI), type 1 diabetes --- type 2 diabetes (T2D) --- hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) --- visceral adipose tissue (VAT) --- cardiovascular disease (CVD) --- high-density lipoprotein (HDL) --- low-density lipoprotein (LDL) --- Apolipoprotein B (ApoB) --- women's health --- bone mineral density --- diet --- beach sports --- osteoporosis --- Mediterranean diet --- antioxidation --- metabolic health --- reproductive health --- gut microbiota --- non-communicable diseases --- flavonoids --- polyphenols --- resveratrol --- olive oil --- adult volunteers --- dietary intervention --- dietary patterns --- pilot study --- symbiotic agriculture --- metabolic dysfunction --- metabolic syndrome --- metabolome --- EHIS --- diabetes --- disease burden --- European Union --- policies --- dietary trajectories --- overweight --- obesity --- early childhood caries --- ECC --- dental caries --- health risk --- preschool children --- fish protein hydrolysate --- anxiety --- burying test --- rodent --- perceived stress --- psychological --- stress --- diet quality --- women --- reproductive age --- childbearing age --- a-priori --- a-posteriori --- sodium --- sodium intake --- inflammation --- systemic inflammation --- sodium induced inflammation --- CRP --- TNF-a --- IL-6 --- pediatric obesity --- children --- dietary interventions --- prevention --- pure fructose consumption --- adolescent --- blood pressure --- folic acid --- homocysteine --- inflammatory bowel disease --- microbiota --- crocin --- crocetin --- safranal --- effect direction plot --- complementary and alternative medicine --- medicinal plant --- CAM --- herbal medicine --- TNF-α --- qualitative synthesis --- dietary supplements --- food shopping quality indicators --- FSA-NPS DI --- dietary intake --- diet monitoring --- digital receipts --- dietary quality --- ischemic stroke --- Chinese Diet Balance Index 2016 --- DBI-16 --- Southeast China --- bone density --- bone resorption markers --- HDL-C --- LDL-C --- lipid profile --- cardiovascular disease --- exercise --- aerobic fitness --- multiple sclerosis --- nutrition --- physical activity --- body mass index --- dietary guideline --- reproductive age women --- muscle wasting --- cachexia --- sarcopenia --- probiotics --- prebiotics --- Lactobacillus --- intestinal permeability --- gut-brain axis --- health literacy --- education --- food --- students --- healthy lifestyle --- β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) --- body mass index (BMI), type 1 diabetes --- type 2 diabetes (T2D) --- hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) --- visceral adipose tissue (VAT) --- cardiovascular disease (CVD) --- high-density lipoprotein (HDL) --- low-density lipoprotein (LDL) --- Apolipoprotein B (ApoB) --- women's health --- bone mineral density --- diet --- beach sports --- osteoporosis --- Mediterranean diet --- antioxidation --- metabolic health --- reproductive health --- gut microbiota --- non-communicable diseases --- flavonoids --- polyphenols --- resveratrol --- olive oil --- adult volunteers --- dietary intervention --- dietary patterns --- pilot study --- symbiotic agriculture --- metabolic dysfunction --- metabolic syndrome --- metabolome --- EHIS --- diabetes --- disease burden --- European Union --- policies --- dietary trajectories --- overweight --- obesity --- early childhood caries --- ECC --- dental caries --- health risk --- preschool children --- fish protein hydrolysate --- anxiety --- burying test --- rodent --- perceived stress --- psychological --- stress --- diet quality --- women --- reproductive age --- childbearing age --- a-priori --- a-posteriori --- sodium --- sodium intake --- inflammation --- systemic inflammation --- sodium induced inflammation --- CRP --- TNF-a --- IL-6 --- pediatric obesity --- children --- dietary interventions --- prevention --- pure fructose consumption --- adolescent --- blood pressure --- folic acid --- homocysteine --- inflammatory bowel disease --- microbiota --- crocin --- crocetin --- safranal --- effect direction plot --- complementary and alternative medicine --- medicinal plant --- CAM --- herbal medicine --- TNF-α --- qualitative synthesis --- dietary supplements --- food shopping quality indicators --- FSA-NPS DI --- dietary intake --- diet monitoring --- digital receipts --- dietary quality --- ischemic stroke --- Chinese Diet Balance Index 2016 --- DBI-16 --- Southeast China --- bone density --- bone resorption markers --- HDL-C --- LDL-C --- lipid profile --- cardiovascular disease --- exercise --- aerobic fitness --- multiple sclerosis --- nutrition --- physical activity --- body mass index --- dietary guideline --- reproductive age women