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This reference work is strong informative about the role of the gut microbiome in organism metabolism and fully discusses the relationship between gut alterations and/or gut microbiome-derived metabolites and the pathogenesis of many diseases, as well as recent advances in clinical applications of microbiome and microbial effector molecules. It clearly shows how the microbiome research is a growing field in molecular and clinical sciences, due to technical advances based on high throughput genetic sequencing technologies and omics analyses that empower systems biology-based methods for precision health monitoring and treatment. It will help in understanding that high diversity of the microbial communities in the gut is important to preserve health and microbiome alterations, not only in nutrition associated diseases like obesity and diabetes, but also in many chronic inflammatory, cardiovascular, oncological and neurological disorders. Written by renown experts in the field, this reference work is intended for clinicians, residents, specialists and physicians involved in the diagnosis and treatment of affected patients. It is published as part of the SpringerReference program, which provides access to live editions constantly updated through a dynamic peer-review publishing process.

Endocrinology. --- Metabolism --- Metabolism. --- Metabolic Disease. --- Disorders.

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This book is a comprehensive exploration of the science and clinical applications of fasting, with a particular focus on its effects on body weight and metabolic disease risk factors. It delves into various fasting methods, including time-restricted eating, intermittent fasting, alternate day fasting, and periodic fasting. The key concepts explored in this book include the physiological and cellular adaptations to different types of fasting, their impact on body weight and metabolic health, and their potential role in longevity, aging and disease prevention. The book addresses critical questions such as: What are the safety and efficacy of time-restricted eating? How does alternate day fasting affect body weight and metabolic disease risk factors? What are the evolutionary perspectives explaining the clinical benefits of periodic fasting? And how effective is periodic fasting in treating human chronic diseases? This book is aimed at healthcare professionals, researchers, nutritionists, and anyone interested in understanding the science behind fasting. Readers with a scientific or professional background will appreciate the rigorous research and clinical studies presented in this book. They will learn about the latest findings in this field and gain a deeper understanding of how different types of fasting can impact health, wellbeing and aging.

Aging. --- Nutrition. --- Metabolism --- Ageing. --- Metabolic Disease. --- Disorders. --- Fasting.

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Obesity has emerged as a major threat to public health in both the western and developing world. Essentially a disorder of energy balance, obesity occurs when energy intake and storage exceeds expenditure. Much of energy homeostasis depends on the activity and function of adipose tissue. Adipocytes in mammals fall into two categories classified by their primary functions: white fat cells that mediate energy storage and thermogenic fat cells that counteract hypothermia and obesity through adaptive thermogenesis. Whereas white fat and its function as an energy reservoir and endocrine organ have been studied for decades and are relatively well understood, until recently many aspects of the thermogenic fat biology have remained elusive. Accumulating evidence supports the hypothesis that thermogenic fat cells arise from at least two different developmental origins: the ones of a skeletal muscle-like lineage are now called “classical” brown fat cells, and the rest of the thermogenic fat cells are normally referred to as the beige fat cells. The last decade has witnessed an explosion of interest and studies focusing on the regulation of thermogenic fat cells and potential therapeutics targeting these adipocytes. Here we summarize the recent advancements in our understanding of these metabolically active fat cells.

Obesity --- Brown Fat --- Energy Metabolism --- adaptive thermogenesis --- beige fat --- metabolic disease --- Obesity --- Brown Fat --- Energy Metabolism --- adaptive thermogenesis --- beige fat --- metabolic disease

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This eBook is a collection of articles from a Frontiers Research Topic. Frontiers Research Topics are very popular trademarks of the Frontiers Journals Series: they are collections of at least ten articles, all centered on a particular subject. With their unique mix of varied contributions from Original Research to Review Articles, Frontiers Research Topics unify the most influential researchers, the latest key findings and historical advances in a hot research area! Find out more on how to host your own Frontiers Research Topic or contribute to one as an author by contacting the Frontiers Editorial Office: frontiersin.org/about/contact

Medicine --- Endocrinology --- CER --- metabolic disease --- genetic factors --- diabetes --- Obesity --- cardiovascular disease --- ferroptosis --- RNA --- fatty acid --- Glycolysis

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Obesity has emerged as a major threat to public health in both the western and developing world. Essentially a disorder of energy balance, obesity occurs when energy intake and storage exceeds expenditure. Much of energy homeostasis depends on the activity and function of adipose tissue. Adipocytes in mammals fall into two categories classified by their primary functions: white fat cells that mediate energy storage and thermogenic fat cells that counteract hypothermia and obesity through adaptive thermogenesis. Whereas white fat and its function as an energy reservoir and endocrine organ have been studied for decades and are relatively well understood, until recently many aspects of the thermogenic fat biology have remained elusive. Accumulating evidence supports the hypothesis that thermogenic fat cells arise from at least two different developmental origins: the ones of a skeletal muscle-like lineage are now called “classical” brown fat cells, and the rest of the thermogenic fat cells are normally referred to as the beige fat cells. The last decade has witnessed an explosion of interest and studies focusing on the regulation of thermogenic fat cells and potential therapeutics targeting these adipocytes. Here we summarize the recent advancements in our understanding of these metabolically active fat cells.

Obesity --- Brown Fat --- Energy Metabolism --- adaptive thermogenesis --- beige fat --- metabolic disease