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The aggregates used in construction are the natural resource consumed the most in the world after air and water. Due to overexploitation, all environmental laws reward the use of recycled materials to guarantee the reduction of consumption of natural aggregates. The use of reclaimed aggregates, reused aggregates, and recycled aggregates increases sustainability in construction activities. Today, they are strategic materials in the manufacturing of green concrete and mortars and as road construction eco-efficient materials. In addition, the use of recycled aggregates from industrial or mining byproducts presents great potential in construction activities as recycled aggregates and/or supplementary cementitious materials. This Special Issue is open to new experiences in construction materials and/or works made with recycled aggregates.

steel reinforced concrete --- polarization --- coal bottom ash --- coal fly ash --- waste --- aggregates --- fines processing --- porosity --- recycled aggregates --- permeable concrete --- interfacial transition zone --- image analysis --- porosimetry mercury intrusion --- lime treatment --- modified Proctor --- CBR --- subbase --- road construction --- concrete --- slag --- valorisation --- cement --- circular economy --- statistical analysis --- estimation --- permeability --- constant head method --- estimation coefficient of permeability --- recycled concrete aggregate --- recycled aggregate --- polyacrylonitrile microfibers --- electrospinning --- durability --- carbonation --- 3D BFEM --- recycled aggregate concrete --- numerical simulation --- failure pattern --- cathode ray tube glass --- civil infrastructures --- cement-treated materials --- self-compacting concrete --- coarse recycled aggregate --- sustainable concrete --- construction and demolition waste management plant --- mercury intrusion porosimetry --- SEM observation --- new paste --- compressive strength --- construction and demolition waste --- recycled fine aggregate --- mortars --- sustainable construction --- mining waste --- ultra-high performance fibres reinforced concrete --- flexural strength --- seaport loading platform --- structural granular layers

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Fuel cells are expected to play a relevant role in the transition towards a sustainable-energy-driven world. Although this type of electrochemical system was discovered a long time ago, only in recent years has global energy awareness, together with newly developed materials and available technologies, made such key advances in relation to fuel cell potential and its deployment. It is now unquestionable that fuel cells are recognized, alongside their possibility to work in the reverse mode, as the hub of the new energy deal. Now the questions are, why are they not yet ready to be used, despite the strong economic support given from the society? What prevents them from being entered into the hydrogen energy scenario in which renewable sources will provide energy when it is not readily available? How much are researchers involved in this urgent step towards change? This book gives a clear answer, engaging with some of the open issues that explain the delay of fuel cell deployment and, at the same time, it opens a window that shows how wide and attractive the opportunities offered by this technology are. Papers collected here are not only specialist-oriented but also offer a clear landscape to curious readers and show how challenging the road to the future is.

Research & information: general --- Technology: general issues --- polymer electrolyte fuel cell --- cyclic current profile --- transient behavior --- pressure drop --- Ohmic resistance --- solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) --- ionic conductivity --- Raman spectroscopy --- powder X-ray diffraction --- microbial fuel cell --- low-cost ceramics --- separator --- membrane --- porosity --- pore size --- water absorption --- mercury intrusion --- raman spectroscopy --- powder x-ray diffraction --- doped ceria --- solid oxides fuel cells --- Sm-doped ceria --- high pressure X-ray powder diffraction --- diamond anvil cell --- equation of state --- Rietveld refinement --- SOFC --- reliability --- contamination --- salt --- oxygen starvation --- concentration polarization --- fuel cell application --- microfluidic fuel cell --- power supply --- soft drinks --- hydrogen production --- alkaline water electrolysis --- two-phases flow --- CFD --- two-phase process --- BSCF --- SOEC --- rSOC --- anodic overpotential --- impedance spectroscopy --- sealants --- glass-ceramic --- joining --- CH4 internal reforming --- solid oxide fuel cell --- 2D local control --- cell design optimization --- active site degradation --- tape casting process --- open circuit voltage --- activation energy --- power density --- IT-SOFC --- PEM fuel cell --- useful water --- hydrogen consumption scenarios --- modified fuel utilization

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Fuel cells are expected to play a relevant role in the transition towards a sustainable-energy-driven world. Although this type of electrochemical system was discovered a long time ago, only in recent years has global energy awareness, together with newly developed materials and available technologies, made such key advances in relation to fuel cell potential and its deployment. It is now unquestionable that fuel cells are recognized, alongside their possibility to work in the reverse mode, as the hub of the new energy deal. Now the questions are, why are they not yet ready to be used, despite the strong economic support given from the society? What prevents them from being entered into the hydrogen energy scenario in which renewable sources will provide energy when it is not readily available? How much are researchers involved in this urgent step towards change? This book gives a clear answer, engaging with some of the open issues that explain the delay of fuel cell deployment and, at the same time, it opens a window that shows how wide and attractive the opportunities offered by this technology are. Papers collected here are not only specialist-oriented but also offer a clear landscape to curious readers and show how challenging the road to the future is.

Research & information: general --- Technology: general issues --- polymer electrolyte fuel cell --- cyclic current profile --- transient behavior --- pressure drop --- Ohmic resistance --- solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) --- ionic conductivity --- Raman spectroscopy --- powder X-ray diffraction --- microbial fuel cell --- low-cost ceramics --- separator --- membrane --- porosity --- pore size --- water absorption --- mercury intrusion --- raman spectroscopy --- powder x-ray diffraction --- doped ceria --- solid oxides fuel cells --- Sm-doped ceria --- high pressure X-ray powder diffraction --- diamond anvil cell --- equation of state --- Rietveld refinement --- SOFC --- reliability --- contamination --- salt --- oxygen starvation --- concentration polarization --- fuel cell application --- microfluidic fuel cell --- power supply --- soft drinks --- hydrogen production --- alkaline water electrolysis --- two-phases flow --- CFD --- two-phase process --- BSCF --- SOEC --- rSOC --- anodic overpotential --- impedance spectroscopy --- sealants --- glass-ceramic --- joining --- CH4 internal reforming --- solid oxide fuel cell --- 2D local control --- cell design optimization --- active site degradation --- tape casting process --- open circuit voltage --- activation energy --- power density --- IT-SOFC --- PEM fuel cell --- useful water --- hydrogen consumption scenarios --- modified fuel utilization --- polymer electrolyte fuel cell --- cyclic current profile --- transient behavior --- pressure drop --- Ohmic resistance --- solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) --- ionic conductivity --- Raman spectroscopy --- powder X-ray diffraction --- microbial fuel cell --- low-cost ceramics --- separator --- membrane --- porosity --- pore size --- water absorption --- mercury intrusion --- raman spectroscopy --- powder x-ray diffraction --- doped ceria --- solid oxides fuel cells --- Sm-doped ceria --- high pressure X-ray powder diffraction --- diamond anvil cell --- equation of state --- Rietveld refinement --- SOFC --- reliability --- contamination --- salt --- oxygen starvation --- concentration polarization --- fuel cell application --- microfluidic fuel cell --- power supply --- soft drinks --- hydrogen production --- alkaline water electrolysis --- two-phases flow --- CFD --- two-phase process --- BSCF --- SOEC --- rSOC --- anodic overpotential --- impedance spectroscopy --- sealants --- glass-ceramic --- joining --- CH4 internal reforming --- solid oxide fuel cell --- 2D local control --- cell design optimization --- active site degradation --- tape casting process --- open circuit voltage --- activation energy --- power density --- IT-SOFC --- PEM fuel cell --- useful water --- hydrogen consumption scenarios --- modified fuel utilization

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Geothermal energy is the thermal energy generated and stored in the Earth's core, mantle, and crust. Geothermal technologies are used to generate electricity and to heat and cool buildings. To develop accurate models for heat and mass transfer applications involving fluid flow in geothermal applications or reservoir engineering and petroleum industries, a basic knowledge of the rheological and transport properties of the materials involved (drilling fluid, rock properties, etc.)—especially in high-temperature and high-pressure environments—are needed. This Special Issue considers all aspects of fluid flow and heat transfer in geothermal applications, including the ground heat exchanger, conduction and convection in porous media. The emphasis here is on mathematical and computational aspects of fluid flow in conventional and unconventional reservoirs, geothermal engineering, fluid flow, and heat transfer in drilling engineering and enhanced oil recovery (hydraulic fracturing, CO2 injection, etc.) applications.

karst carbonate reservoir --- fracture compressibility --- enhanced gas recovery --- cost of electricity (COE) --- microstructure --- permeability --- CO2 permeability --- ammonia --- shale oil --- process simulation --- aquifer support --- spatiotemporal characteristics --- semi-analytical solution --- injection orientation --- CO2 diffusion --- wellbore temperature --- fluid front kinetics --- nest of tubes --- supercritical CO2 --- multiple parallel fractures --- multifractal theory --- real-scale --- techno-economic model --- fractal --- inter-well connectivity --- apparent permeability --- heat transfer --- porous media --- multiple structural units (MSU) --- coupled heat conduction and advection --- diffusion --- bottom-hole pressure --- tight reservoir --- ventilation --- surface diffusion --- unsteady process --- underground coal gasification (UCG) --- dynamic crack tip --- mercury intrusion porosimetry --- energy conservation analysis --- methanol --- comprehensive heat transfer model --- pressure fluctuations --- production optimization --- numerical simulation --- percolation model --- rheology --- drilling --- AE energy --- pipeline network --- natural gas --- huff-‘n-puff --- cement --- viscosity --- mathematical modeling --- enhanced geothermal systems --- cement slurries --- yield stress --- non-Newtonian fluids --- capacitance-resistance model --- thixotropy --- conductivity --- enhanced oil recovery --- leakage and overflow --- geothermal --- coal and rock fracture --- impact pressure --- computational fluid dynamics (CFD) --- GSHP (ground source heat pump) --- pore size distribution --- Knudsen diffusion --- hydraulic fracturing --- efficient simulation --- constitutive relations --- electricity generation --- fractal theory --- pore structure --- complex fracture network --- sloshing --- cost-effective --- slippage effect --- dynamic hydraulic-fracturing experiments --- critical porosity --- fracture uncertainty --- carbon capture and utilization (CCU) --- tube bundle model --- continuity/momentum and energy equations coupled --- main gas pipeline --- Coal excavation --- longitudinal dispersion coefficient --- computational fluid dynamic (CFD) --- flowback --- fracture simulation --- highly viscous fluids --- carbon capture and storage (CCS) --- energy dissipation --- economics --- particles model --- variable viscosity --- multi-pressure system --- frequency conversion technology (FCT) --- three-dimensional numerical simulation --- tight oil reservoirs --- multiphase flow --- methane removal --- Navier-Stokes equations