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The protection of human health and the environment (representing the main reason for waste management), as well as the sustainable use of natural resources, requires chemical, biological, physical and thermal treatment of wastes. This refers to the conditioning (e.g., drying, washing, comminution, rotting, stabilization, neutralization, agglomeration, homogenization), conversion (e.g., incineration, pyrolysis, gasification, dissolution, evaporation), and separation (classification, direct and indirect (i.e., sensor-based) sorting) of all types of wastes to follow the principles of the waste hierarchy (i.e., prevention (not addressed by this issue), preparation for re-use, recycling, other recovery, and disposal). Longstanding challenges include the increase of yield and purity of recyclable fractions and the sustainable removal or destruction of contaminants from the circular economy.This Special Issue on “Advanced Technology of Waste Treatment” of Processes collects high-quality research studies addressing challenges on the broad area of chemical, biological, physical and thermal treatment of wastes.

Technology: general issues --- History of engineering & technology --- selective Cu(II) separation --- sustainable waste treatment --- municipal solid waste --- polymer-assisted ultrafiltration --- real fly ash extracts --- urban mining --- pilot installation --- MSWI fly ash --- properties of fly ash --- acid leaching --- heavy metal recovery --- marine litter --- waste treatment --- plastic waste --- pyrolysis --- gasification --- incineration --- thermogravimetric analysis --- biotechnological upcycling --- plastics recycling --- feedstock recycling --- plastic pyrolysis --- lumped modeling --- kinetic modeling --- ReOil --- risk modelling --- portable batteries --- lithium batteries --- fire hazards --- waste management --- lithium-ion-batteries --- pyrometallurgical recycling --- carbothermal reduction --- wood ash treatment --- chromate reduction --- hot alkaline extraction --- recycling --- refractory --- regenerate --- electrodynamic fragmentation --- innovative process --- process optimization --- enhanced landfill mining --- NEW-MINE --- particle size distribution --- compositional data analysis --- simplex --- isometric log-ratios --- multivariate multiple linear regression --- mechanical processing --- commercial waste --- shredder --- chemical recycling --- wet-mechanical processing --- polyolefins --- circular economy --- WEEE --- recovery of aromatics --- oil upgrading --- dehalogenation --- hydrothermal carbonization --- sewage sludge --- phosphorus recovery --- hydrochar --- process-water --- pH --- mixed waste --- municipal waste --- recovery --- contaminants --- plastics --- digitalisation --- smart waste factory --- n/a

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• Reference Manager
• EndNote
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The protection of human health and the environment (representing the main reason for waste management), as well as the sustainable use of natural resources, requires chemical, biological, physical and thermal treatment of wastes. This refers to the conditioning (e.g., drying, washing, comminution, rotting, stabilization, neutralization, agglomeration, homogenization), conversion (e.g., incineration, pyrolysis, gasification, dissolution, evaporation), and separation (classification, direct and indirect (i.e., sensor-based) sorting) of all types of wastes to follow the principles of the waste hierarchy (i.e., prevention (not addressed by this issue), preparation for re-use, recycling, other recovery, and disposal). Longstanding challenges include the increase of yield and purity of recyclable fractions and the sustainable removal or destruction of contaminants from the circular economy.This Special Issue on “Advanced Technology of Waste Treatment” of Processes collects high-quality research studies addressing challenges on the broad area of chemical, biological, physical and thermal treatment of wastes.

Technology: general issues --- History of engineering & technology --- selective Cu(II) separation --- sustainable waste treatment --- municipal solid waste --- polymer-assisted ultrafiltration --- real fly ash extracts --- urban mining --- pilot installation --- MSWI fly ash --- properties of fly ash --- acid leaching --- heavy metal recovery --- marine litter --- waste treatment --- plastic waste --- pyrolysis --- gasification --- incineration --- thermogravimetric analysis --- biotechnological upcycling --- plastics recycling --- feedstock recycling --- plastic pyrolysis --- lumped modeling --- kinetic modeling --- ReOil --- risk modelling --- portable batteries --- lithium batteries --- fire hazards --- waste management --- lithium-ion-batteries --- pyrometallurgical recycling --- carbothermal reduction --- wood ash treatment --- chromate reduction --- hot alkaline extraction --- recycling --- refractory --- regenerate --- electrodynamic fragmentation --- innovative process --- process optimization --- enhanced landfill mining --- NEW-MINE --- particle size distribution --- compositional data analysis --- simplex --- isometric log-ratios --- multivariate multiple linear regression --- mechanical processing --- commercial waste --- shredder --- chemical recycling --- wet-mechanical processing --- polyolefins --- circular economy --- WEEE --- recovery of aromatics --- oil upgrading --- dehalogenation --- hydrothermal carbonization --- sewage sludge --- phosphorus recovery --- hydrochar --- process-water --- pH --- mixed waste --- municipal waste --- recovery --- contaminants --- plastics --- digitalisation --- smart waste factory --- selective Cu(II) separation --- sustainable waste treatment --- municipal solid waste --- polymer-assisted ultrafiltration --- real fly ash extracts --- urban mining --- pilot installation --- MSWI fly ash --- properties of fly ash --- acid leaching --- heavy metal recovery --- marine litter --- waste treatment --- plastic waste --- pyrolysis --- gasification --- incineration --- thermogravimetric analysis --- biotechnological upcycling --- plastics recycling --- feedstock recycling --- plastic pyrolysis --- lumped modeling --- kinetic modeling --- ReOil --- risk modelling --- portable batteries --- lithium batteries --- fire hazards --- waste management --- lithium-ion-batteries --- pyrometallurgical recycling --- carbothermal reduction --- wood ash treatment --- chromate reduction --- hot alkaline extraction --- recycling --- refractory --- regenerate --- electrodynamic fragmentation --- innovative process --- process optimization --- enhanced landfill mining --- NEW-MINE --- particle size distribution --- compositional data analysis --- simplex --- isometric log-ratios --- multivariate multiple linear regression --- mechanical processing --- commercial waste --- shredder --- chemical recycling --- wet-mechanical processing --- polyolefins --- circular economy --- WEEE --- recovery of aromatics --- oil upgrading --- dehalogenation --- hydrothermal carbonization --- sewage sludge --- phosphorus recovery --- hydrochar --- process-water --- pH --- mixed waste --- municipal waste --- recovery --- contaminants --- plastics --- digitalisation --- smart waste factory

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Nano- and microdispersed systems can be defined as dispersions of the nano- and microparticles (droplets, bubbles) of one material within a continuous phase of another material (gas, liquid, solid). Such systems are very widespread in nature. The most common examples include soils, aerosols, minerals, and various natural colloids. Nano- and microdispersed systems are also the subject of active research and represent a techno-economic sector with full expansion in many application domains. Nano- and microdispersed systems have gained prominence in technological advancements due to their diverse physicochemical and mechanical properties, including wettability, dispersion stability, electrical and thermal conductivity, and catalytic activity, resulting in enhanced performance over their counterparts with a particle size above 1 µm. Such systems are of interest to various research areas, including the development of new polymers and ceramic composites, sensors, biomaterials, energy conversion devices, wastewater treatment strategies, and many other applications. The present Special Issue of Processes will include recent enhancements in the synthesis and application of various types of nano- and microdispersed systems and will help to expand scientific cooperation in this important field of research.

Technology: general issues --- History of engineering & technology --- sorption --- heavy metals --- radioactive metals --- potassium titanate --- ion exchange --- natural rubber --- maleated natural rubber --- maleic anhydride --- Halloysite Nanotubes --- silver nanodecahedron --- SERS --- photochemical synthesis --- LEDs --- spark plasma sintering --- nanomodification --- mechanical processing --- densification --- mechanical properties --- low-carbon steels of the ferritic class --- nanoscale phase precipitates --- strength characteristics --- steel composition --- hot rolling --- structure --- 5-hydroxymethylfurfural --- 2,5-diformylfuran --- TiO2 --- electrochemical synthesis --- pulse alternating current --- CVD process --- doping --- single-crystal diamond --- boron --- triethyl borate --- thin films --- boron-doped diamond --- polymer composite --- sorbent --- wastewater --- polyvinyl butyral --- potassium polytitanate --- direct ethanol fuel cell --- platinum-based catalyst --- electrocatalysis --- nanoparticles --- platinum catalyst --- synthesis method --- polyol process --- electrochemical dispersion --- alternating current --- ethanol electrooxidation --- fuel cell --- carbon quantum dots --- polarization fluorescent analysis --- fluorescence properties --- copper cation --- water samples --- sorption --- heavy metals --- radioactive metals --- potassium titanate --- ion exchange --- natural rubber --- maleated natural rubber --- maleic anhydride --- Halloysite Nanotubes --- silver nanodecahedron --- SERS --- photochemical synthesis --- LEDs --- spark plasma sintering --- nanomodification --- mechanical processing --- densification --- mechanical properties --- low-carbon steels of the ferritic class --- nanoscale phase precipitates --- strength characteristics --- steel composition --- hot rolling --- structure --- 5-hydroxymethylfurfural --- 2,5-diformylfuran --- TiO2 --- electrochemical synthesis --- pulse alternating current --- CVD process --- doping --- single-crystal diamond --- boron --- triethyl borate --- thin films --- boron-doped diamond --- polymer composite --- sorbent --- wastewater --- polyvinyl butyral --- potassium polytitanate --- direct ethanol fuel cell --- platinum-based catalyst --- electrocatalysis --- nanoparticles --- platinum catalyst --- synthesis method --- polyol process --- electrochemical dispersion --- alternating current --- ethanol electrooxidation --- fuel cell --- carbon quantum dots --- polarization fluorescent analysis --- fluorescence properties --- copper cation --- water samples

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The demands on innovative materials given by the ever-increasing requirements of contemporary industry require the use of high-performance engineering materials. The properties of materials and alloys are a result of their structures, which can primarily be affected by the preparation/production process. However, the production of materials featuring high levels of the required properties without the necessity to use costly alloying elements or time- and money-demanding heat treatment technologies typically used to enhance the mechanical properties of metallic materials (especially specific strength) still remains a challenge. The introduction of thermomechanical treatment represented a breakthrough in grain refinement, consequently leading to significant improvement of the mechanical properties of metallic materials. Contrary to conventional production technologies, the main advantage of such treatment is the possibility to precisely control structural phenomena that affect the final mechanical and utility properties. Thermomechanical treatment can only decrease the grain size to the scale of microns. However, further research devoted to pushing materials’ performance beyond the limits led to the introduction of severe plastic deformation (SPD) methods providing producers with the ability to acquire ultra-fine-grained and nanoscaled metallic materials with superior mechanical properties. SPD methods can be performed with the help of conventional forming equipment; however, many newly designed processes have also been introduced.

History of engineering & technology --- crack nucleation --- fatigue --- plastic deformation --- surface topography --- high-entropy alloy --- powder metallurgy --- microstructure --- spring steel --- heat treatment --- retained austenite --- Mössbauer spectroscopy --- neutron diffraction --- tungsten heavy alloy --- rotary swaging --- finite element analysis --- deformation behaviour --- residual stress --- austenitic steel 08Ch18N10T --- cyclic plasticity --- cyclic hardening --- experiments --- finite element method --- low-cycle fatigue --- tungsten --- dislocations --- microstrain --- twist channel angular pressing --- severe plastic deformation --- mechanical properties --- disintegrator --- microscopy --- wear --- high energy milling --- cement --- sintering --- quenching --- abrasive waterjet --- machining --- traverse speed --- material structure --- material properties --- cutting force --- deformation force --- clad composite --- effective strain --- heat-resistant steel --- cast steel --- microalloying --- strengthening mechanism --- abrasive water jet cutting --- surface roughness --- hardness --- tensile strength --- functional properties --- metallic systems --- mechanical processing --- structural phenomena

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• Reference Manager
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Nano- and microdispersed systems can be defined as dispersions of the nano- and microparticles (droplets, bubbles) of one material within a continuous phase of another material (gas, liquid, solid). Such systems are very widespread in nature. The most common examples include soils, aerosols, minerals, and various natural colloids. Nano- and microdispersed systems are also the subject of active research and represent a techno-economic sector with full expansion in many application domains. Nano- and microdispersed systems have gained prominence in technological advancements due to their diverse physicochemical and mechanical properties, including wettability, dispersion stability, electrical and thermal conductivity, and catalytic activity, resulting in enhanced performance over their counterparts with a particle size above 1 µm. Such systems are of interest to various research areas, including the development of new polymers and ceramic composites, sensors, biomaterials, energy conversion devices, wastewater treatment strategies, and many other applications. The present Special Issue of Processes will include recent enhancements in the synthesis and application of various types of nano- and microdispersed systems and will help to expand scientific cooperation in this important field of research.

sorption --- heavy metals --- radioactive metals --- potassium titanate --- ion exchange --- natural rubber --- maleated natural rubber --- maleic anhydride --- Halloysite Nanotubes --- silver nanodecahedron --- SERS --- photochemical synthesis --- LEDs --- spark plasma sintering --- nanomodification --- mechanical processing --- densification --- mechanical properties --- low-carbon steels of the ferritic class --- nanoscale phase precipitates --- strength characteristics --- steel composition --- hot rolling --- structure --- 5-hydroxymethylfurfural --- 2,5-diformylfuran --- TiO2 --- electrochemical synthesis --- pulse alternating current --- CVD process --- doping --- single-crystal diamond --- boron --- triethyl borate --- thin films --- boron-doped diamond --- polymer composite --- sorbent --- wastewater --- polyvinyl butyral --- potassium polytitanate --- direct ethanol fuel cell --- platinum-based catalyst --- electrocatalysis --- nanoparticles --- platinum catalyst --- synthesis method --- polyol process --- electrochemical dispersion --- alternating current --- ethanol electrooxidation --- fuel cell --- carbon quantum dots --- polarization fluorescent analysis --- fluorescence properties --- copper cation --- water samples --- n/a