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Advanced experimental and computational biomechanics have become essential components to better understand the physiological and pathological conditions of biological tissues in the human body. Recent advances in medical imaging modalities, image segmentation, tissue characterization experiments, and predictive computer simulations have made major contributions to transforming current therapeutic paradigms, towards the facilitation of patient-specific diagnostics and individualized surgery planning. This Special Issue of Bioengineering on Advances in Biological Tissue Biomechanics, therefore, focuses on research dealing with cutting-edge experimental and computational methodologies for biomechanical investigations of tissues in the human body system across multiple spatial and temporal scales.

Research & information: general --- Biology, life sciences --- computational fluid dynamics --- bileaflet mechanical heart valve --- adverse hemodynamics --- transvalvular pressure gradients --- turbulent shear stresses --- blood damage --- platelet activation --- aortic valve --- calcification --- elastin degradation --- leaflet --- curvature --- biomarker --- early detection --- porcine brain --- mechanical behavior --- hydration effects --- Split-Hopkinson pressure bar --- micromechanics --- finite element analysis --- collagen crimp --- elastin --- microstructures --- force-controlled mechanical testing --- the tricuspid valve --- functional tricuspid regurgitation --- cardiovascular imaging --- mechanical characterization --- in-vitro experiments --- constitutive modeling --- geometrical modeling --- finite element modeling --- isogeometric analysis (IGA) --- biaxial mechanical characterization --- fluid-structure interactions --- material anisotropy --- sub-valvular components --- soft tissue --- liver --- high-rate compression --- polymeric split-Hopkinson pressure bar --- pentagalloyl glucose --- aneurysm --- enzyme --- biomechanics --- aorta --- biaxial mechanical testing --- cardiac valves --- osmotic swelling --- parameter estimation --- nonlinear preconditioning --- gradient-based minimization --- cirrus --- myocardium --- stiffness --- viscoelastic property --- anisotropy --- fibrosis --- the mitral valve --- collagen fiber architecture --- glycosaminoglycan --- uniaxial mechanical testing --- in-vitro flow loops --- polarized spatial frequency domain imaging --- tricuspid regurgitation --- spatial alignment --- collagen fiber reorientation --- in vivo stress/strain quantification --- constitutive models --- soft tissues --- growth and remodeling (G & R) --- multiscale biomechanics --- patient-specific modeling --- computational fluid dynamics --- bileaflet mechanical heart valve --- adverse hemodynamics --- transvalvular pressure gradients --- turbulent shear stresses --- blood damage --- platelet activation --- aortic valve --- calcification --- elastin degradation --- leaflet --- curvature --- biomarker --- early detection --- porcine brain --- mechanical behavior --- hydration effects --- Split-Hopkinson pressure bar --- micromechanics --- finite element analysis --- collagen crimp --- elastin --- microstructures --- force-controlled mechanical testing --- the tricuspid valve --- functional tricuspid regurgitation --- cardiovascular imaging --- mechanical characterization --- in-vitro experiments --- constitutive modeling --- geometrical modeling --- finite element modeling --- isogeometric analysis (IGA) --- biaxial mechanical characterization --- fluid-structure interactions --- material anisotropy --- sub-valvular components --- soft tissue --- liver --- high-rate compression --- polymeric split-Hopkinson pressure bar --- pentagalloyl glucose --- aneurysm --- enzyme --- biomechanics --- aorta --- biaxial mechanical testing --- cardiac valves --- osmotic swelling --- parameter estimation --- nonlinear preconditioning --- gradient-based minimization --- cirrus --- myocardium --- stiffness --- viscoelastic property --- anisotropy --- fibrosis --- the mitral valve --- collagen fiber architecture --- glycosaminoglycan --- uniaxial mechanical testing --- in-vitro flow loops --- polarized spatial frequency domain imaging --- tricuspid regurgitation --- spatial alignment --- collagen fiber reorientation --- in vivo stress/strain quantification --- constitutive models --- soft tissues --- growth and remodeling (G & R) --- multiscale biomechanics --- patient-specific modeling

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Advanced experimental and computational biomechanics have become essential components to better understand the physiological and pathological conditions of biological tissues in the human body. Recent advances in medical imaging modalities, image segmentation, tissue characterization experiments, and predictive computer simulations have made major contributions to transforming current therapeutic paradigms, towards the facilitation of patient-specific diagnostics and individualized surgery planning. This Special Issue of Bioengineering on Advances in Biological Tissue Biomechanics, therefore, focuses on research dealing with cutting-edge experimental and computational methodologies for biomechanical investigations of tissues in the human body system across multiple spatial and temporal scales.

computational fluid dynamics --- bileaflet mechanical heart valve --- adverse hemodynamics --- transvalvular pressure gradients --- turbulent shear stresses --- blood damage --- platelet activation --- aortic valve --- calcification --- elastin degradation --- leaflet --- curvature --- biomarker --- early detection --- porcine brain --- mechanical behavior --- hydration effects --- Split-Hopkinson pressure bar --- micromechanics --- finite element analysis --- collagen crimp --- elastin --- microstructures --- force-controlled mechanical testing --- the tricuspid valve --- functional tricuspid regurgitation --- cardiovascular imaging --- mechanical characterization --- in-vitro experiments --- constitutive modeling --- geometrical modeling --- finite element modeling --- isogeometric analysis (IGA) --- biaxial mechanical characterization --- fluid-structure interactions --- material anisotropy --- sub-valvular components --- soft tissue --- liver --- high-rate compression --- polymeric split-Hopkinson pressure bar --- pentagalloyl glucose --- aneurysm --- enzyme --- biomechanics --- aorta --- biaxial mechanical testing --- cardiac valves --- osmotic swelling --- parameter estimation --- nonlinear preconditioning --- gradient-based minimization --- cirrus --- myocardium --- stiffness --- viscoelastic property --- anisotropy --- fibrosis --- the mitral valve --- collagen fiber architecture --- glycosaminoglycan --- uniaxial mechanical testing --- in-vitro flow loops --- polarized spatial frequency domain imaging --- tricuspid regurgitation --- spatial alignment --- collagen fiber reorientation --- in vivo stress/strain quantification --- constitutive models --- soft tissues --- growth and remodeling (G & R) --- multiscale biomechanics --- patient-specific modeling

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This special issue provides a current snapshot of recent advances and ongoing challenges in the development of titanium alloys for biomedical implants and devices. Titanium offers significant advantages over other materials including higher strength and better biocompatibility. This issue highlights current trends and recent developments, including the uptake of additive manufacturing (3D printing), and approaches to improve processing and performance of titanium alloys for medical applications.

History of engineering & technology --- selective laser melting --- gradient structure --- porous biomaterial --- Ti6Al4V --- mechanical properties --- osteoblast --- biomechanics --- dental implant(s) --- in vitro --- systematic reviews --- evidence-based medicine --- atrophic maxilla --- titanium hybrid-plates --- finite element analysis --- biomechanical analysis --- single-point incremental forming --- AHP --- cranioplasty plates --- decision-making --- titanium alloys --- medical devices --- machining --- titanium --- temperature --- strain --- grain refinement --- ultrafine --- nanocrystalline --- mechanical characterization --- press-fit --- primary stability --- Ti-6Al-4V --- additive manufacturing --- selective laser melting (SLM) --- electron beam melting (EBM) --- direct metal deposition (DMD) --- wire and arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) --- diffraction line profile analysis --- extended convolution multiple whole profile (eCMWP) --- implanted electrodes --- electrical stimulation --- corrosion --- mandibular reconstruction --- scaffolds --- reconstruction plate --- 3D printing --- titanium alloy --- Titanium alloys --- Ti-6Al-4V-ELI --- fatigue --- laser cutting --- post-processing --- α’-martensite --- HAZ --- barrel grinding --- notch --- fracture --- selective laser melting --- gradient structure --- porous biomaterial --- Ti6Al4V --- mechanical properties --- osteoblast --- biomechanics --- dental implant(s) --- in vitro --- systematic reviews --- evidence-based medicine --- atrophic maxilla --- titanium hybrid-plates --- finite element analysis --- biomechanical analysis --- single-point incremental forming --- AHP --- cranioplasty plates --- decision-making --- titanium alloys --- medical devices --- machining --- titanium --- temperature --- strain --- grain refinement --- ultrafine --- nanocrystalline --- mechanical characterization --- press-fit --- primary stability --- Ti-6Al-4V --- additive manufacturing --- selective laser melting (SLM) --- electron beam melting (EBM) --- direct metal deposition (DMD) --- wire and arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) --- diffraction line profile analysis --- extended convolution multiple whole profile (eCMWP) --- implanted electrodes --- electrical stimulation --- corrosion --- mandibular reconstruction --- scaffolds --- reconstruction plate --- 3D printing --- titanium alloy --- Titanium alloys --- Ti-6Al-4V-ELI --- fatigue --- laser cutting --- post-processing --- α’-martensite --- HAZ --- barrel grinding --- notch --- fracture

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This Special Issue of Metals was dedicated to recent advances in low-carbon and stainless steels. Although these types of steels are not new, they are still receiving considerable attention from both research and industry sectors due to their wide range of applications and their complex microstructure and behavior under different conditions. The microstructure of low-carbon and stainless steels resulting from solidification, phase transformation, and hot working is complex, which, in turn, affect their performance under different working conditions. A detailed understanding of the microstructure, properties, and performance for these steels has been the aim of steel scientists for a long time. This Issue received quality papers on different aspects of these steels including their solidification, thermomechanical processing, phase transformation, texture, etc., and their mechanical and corrosion behaviors.

History of engineering & technology --- pitting --- sigma phase --- 2205 --- duplex stainless steel --- austenitic stainless steel --- cold deformation --- microstructures --- mechanical properties --- austenite --- steel --- thermomechanical processing --- phase transformation --- nucleation --- ferrite --- CCT --- TTT --- incubation --- transformation start --- FAC --- LBE --- turbulent flow --- dissolution --- modelling --- low-carbon AHSS --- Q&amp --- P --- toughness --- precipitation --- martensite packet --- mechanical characterization --- martensitic transformations --- dynamic transformation --- Nb-microalloyed steel --- roughing passes --- hot forming --- multiphase steel --- quenching and partitioning --- austempering --- Gleeble simulation --- press hardening --- martensite --- quenching --- partitioning --- dilatometry --- EBSD-IQ --- fast heating rate --- formation of austenite --- initial microstructure --- PAGS --- transformation behavior --- tensile properties --- metastability --- LCF --- HCF --- VHCF --- ambient and elevated temperatures --- carbon steel --- rotationally accelerated shot peening --- nanocrystalline --- corrosion resistance --- transformation kinetics --- local equilibrium --- para equilibrium --- Cr-rich precipitate --- interphase boundary --- type 430 stainless steel --- HSLA steel --- alloy design --- grain refinement of austenite --- Zener pinning force --- recrystallization --- Niobium Nb

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In recent years, we have assisted the remarkable growth in the use of functional polyesters. This book gathers novel research works dealing with the manufacturing and characterization of polyesters that have been functionalized by synthesis, copolymerization, additives (at micro- and nanoscale), surface modification, among other methodologies, to tailor desired properties in terms of mechanical, chemical, thermal, and barrier properties, biodegradation, and biocompatibility. Thus, Advances in Manufacturing and Characterization of Functional Polyesters will serve to guide a diverse audience of polymer scientists and engineers and provides an update of the “state-of-the-art” knowledge on functional polyesters.

Research & information: general --- poly(lactic acid), halloysite nanotubes --- mechanical characterization --- morphology --- thermal characterization --- bio-based --- poly(ethyelene terephthalate)—PET --- poly(amide) 1010—PA1010 --- mechanical properties --- compatibilization --- Xibond™ 920 --- PLA --- OLA --- impact modifier --- shape memory --- packaging applications --- isodimorphism --- random copolymers --- crystallization --- nucleation --- growth rate --- bio-PET --- r-PET --- chain extenders --- reactive extrusion --- secondary recycling --- food packaging --- recycled poly(ethylene terephthalate) --- rPET --- Calcium terephthalate salts --- high performance nanocomposites --- flax --- green composites --- fiber pretreatment --- almond shell waste --- reinforcing --- polyester-based biocomposites --- physicochemical properties --- disintegration --- biopolymers composites --- MgO nanoparticles --- MgO whiskers --- in vitro degradation --- in vivo degradation --- P(3HB-co-3HHx) --- nHA --- nanocomposites --- bone reconstruction --- biomedical polymers --- hydroxyapatite --- halloysite --- Bayesian reconstruction --- homogeneity --- porous materials --- polyester fibrous materials --- copolyester --- dimensional stability --- flexible optical devices --- uniaxial stretching --- birefringence --- and barrier properties --- n/a --- poly(ethyelene terephthalate)-PET --- poly(amide) 1010-PA1010