Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

Today, when many parents seem reluctant to have their children vaccinated, even with long proven medications, the Salk vaccine trial, which enrolled millions of healthy children to test an unproven medical intervention, seems nothing short of astonishing. In Selling Science, medical historian Stephen E. Mawdsley recounts the untold story of the first large clinical trial to control polio using healthy children-55,000 healthy children-revealing how this long-forgotten incident cleared the path for Salk's later trial. Mawdsley describes how, in the early 1950s, Dr. William Hammon and the National Foundation for Infantile Paralysis launched a pioneering medical experiment on a previously untried scale. Conducted on over 55,000 healthy children in Texas, Utah, Iowa, and Nebraska, this landmark study assessed the safety and effectiveness of a blood component, gamma globulin, to prevent paralytic polio. The value of the proposed experiment was questioned by many prominent health professionals as it harbored potential health risks, but as Mawdsley points out, compromise and coercion moved it forward. And though the trial returned dubious results, it was presented to the public as a triumph and used to justify a federally sanctioned mass immunization study on thousands of families between 1953 and 1954. Indeed, the concept, conduct, and outcome of the GG study were sold to health professionals, medical researchers, and the public at each stage. At a time when most Americans trusted scientists, their mutual encounter under the auspices of conquering disease was shaped by politics, marketing, and at times, deception. Drawing on oral history interviews, medical journals, newspapers, meeting minutes, and private institutional records, Selling Science sheds light on the ethics of scientific conduct, and on the power of marketing to shape public opinion about medical experimentation.

Science --- Clinical trials --- Children --- Gamma globulins --- Poliomyelitis --- Gamma globulin --- Gammaglobulins --- Blood proteins --- Globulins --- Anterior spinal paralysis --- Infantile paralysis --- Paralysis, Anterior spinal --- Paralysis, Infantile --- Polio --- Central nervous system --- Enterovirus diseases --- Myelitis --- Childhood --- Kids (Children) --- Pedology (Child study) --- Youngsters --- Age groups --- Families --- Life cycle, Human --- Controlled clinical trials --- Patient trials of new treatments --- Randomized clinical trials --- Trials, Clinical --- Clinical medicine --- Human experimentation in medicine --- Natural science --- Natural sciences --- Science of science --- Sciences --- Economic aspects --- History --- Social aspects --- Diseases --- Prevention --- Research --- Infections --- Hammon, William McD. --- Hammon, W. McD. --- National Foundation for Infantile Paralysis --- National Foundation --- History.

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

Islamic finance has started to grow in international finance across the globe, with some concentration in few countries. Nearly 20 percent annual growth of Islamic finance in recent years seems to point to its resilience and broad appeal, partly owing to principles that govern Islamic financial activities, including equity, participation, and ownership. In theory, Islamic finance is resilient to shocks because of its emphasis on risk sharing, limits on excessive risk taking, and strong link to real activities. Empirical evidence on the stability of Islamic banks, however, is so far mixed. While these banks face similar risks as conventional banks do, they are also exposed to idiosyncratic risks, necessitating a tailoring of current risk management practices. The macroeconomic policy implications of the rapid expansion of Islamic finance are far reaching and need careful considerations.

Finance --- Financial risk management --- Risk management --- International Monetary Fund. --- MCD (International Monetary Fund. Middle East and Central Asia Department) --- International Monetary Fund --- E-books --- Banking law (Islamic law). --- Business. --- Finance (Islamic law). --- Finance. --- Business & Economics --- Financial Management & Planning --- Banks and Banking --- Finance: General --- Islamic Banking and Finance --- Financial Markets and the Macroeconomy --- Monetary Policy --- Central Banks and Their Policies --- International Financial Markets --- Banks --- Depository Institutions --- Micro Finance Institutions --- Mortgages --- Financial Institutions and Services: Government Policy and Regulation --- Other Economic Systems: Public Economics --- Financial Economics --- General Financial Markets: Government Policy and Regulation --- Portfolio Choice --- Investment Decisions --- Banking --- Islamic banking --- Islamic finance --- Financial sector stability --- Liquidity management --- Financial services --- Financial sector policy and analysis --- Asset and liability management --- Open market operations --- Central banks --- Banks and banking --- Islamic countries --- Financial services industry --- Liquidity --- Economics --- Malaysia

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

This book presents a collection of 13 original research articles that focus on the science of light–matter interaction. This area of science has been led to some the greatest accomplishments of the past 100 years, with the discovery of materials that perform useful operations by collecting light or generating light from an outside stimulus. These materials are at the center of a multitude of technologies that have permeated our daily life; every day we rely on quantum well lasers for telecommunication, organic light emitting diodes for our displays, complementary metal–oxide–semiconductors for our camera detectors, and of course a plethora of new photovoltaic cells that harvest sunlight to satisfy our energy needs. In this book, top-rated researchers present their latest findings in the field of nano-particles, plasmonics, semi-conductors, magneto-optics, and holography.

faraday rotator material --- optical isolator --- transparent ceramics --- photopolymerizable --- thiol-ene network --- scratch-healing --- transparent --- dyeing --- unsaturated polyester resin --- azobenzene --- hologram --- aqueous dispersion --- plasmonic nanoparticles --- nonlinear acousto-optics --- nanofluids --- ultrasonic sensors --- silicon photonics --- optical waveguide --- smectic A liquid crystal (SALC) --- stimulated light scattering (SLS) --- holography --- photochromism --- diarylethenes --- refractive index --- CGH --- magnetic-optical bi-functional materials --- hydrothermal process --- down-conversion luminescence --- Na3FeF6:Tb3+ --- magnetic–luminescent structure --- hybrid system --- ternary quantum dots --- magnetic nanoparticles --- iron oxide --- calcium carbonate microspheres --- sensor --- nanoparticles --- silica shells --- metal nanoparticles --- gold-silver nanoshells --- core-shell nanoparticles --- magneto-optics --- mcd --- faraday rotation --- figure of merit --- polarization --- oxygen plasma treatment --- photopolymer --- temperature --- CTE --- thermal degradation --- hexagonal boron nitride --- photoluminescence --- cerium --- anti-counterfeiting --- crystals --- n/a --- magnetic-luminescent structure