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Oenococcus oeni --- Malolactic fermentation --- Winemaking --- Beverage industry --- Starter

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During spontaneous food/beverage fermentations, the microbiota associated with the raw material has a considerable importance: this microbial consortium evolves in reason of the nutrient content and of the physical, chemical, and biological determinants present in the food matrix, shaping fermentation dynamics with significant impacts on the ‘qualities’ of final productions. The selection from the indigenous micro-biodiversity of ‘virtuous’ ecotypes that coupled pro-technological and biotechnological aptitudes provide the basis for the formulation of ‘tailored’ starter cultures. In the fermenting food and beverage arena, the wine sector is generally characterized by the generation of a high added value. Together with a pronounced seasonality, this feature strongly contributes to the selection of a large group of starter cultures. In the last years, several studies contributed to describe the complexity of grapevine-associated microbiota using both culture-dependent and culture-independent approaches. The grape-associated microbial communities continuously change during the wine-making process, with different dominances that correspond to the main biotechnological steps that take place in wine. In order to simplify, following a time trend, four major dominances can be mainly considered: non-Saccharomyces, Saccharomyces, lactic acid bacteria (LAB), and spoilage microbes. The first two dominances come in succession during the alcoholic fermentation: the impact of Saccharomyces (that are responsible of key enological step of ethanol production) can be complemented/integrated by the contributions of compatible non-Saccharomyces strains. Lactic acid bacteria constitute the malolactic consortium responsible of malolactic fermentation, a microbial bioconversion often desired in wine (especially in red wine production). Finally, the fourth dominance, the undesired microbiota, represents a panel of microorganisms that, coupling spoilage potential to the resistance to the harsh conditions typical of wine environment, can cause important economic losses. In each of these four dominances a complex microbial biodiversity has been described. The studies on the enological significance of the micro-biodiversity connected with each of the four dominances highlighted the presence of a dichotomy: in each consortia there are species/strains that, in reason of their metabolisms, are able to improve wine ‘qualities’ (resource of interest in starter cultures design), and species/strains that with their metabolism are responsible of depreciation of wine. Articles describing new oenological impacts of yeasts and bacteria belonging to the four main categories above mentioned (non-Saccharomyces, Saccharomycetes, lactic acid bacteria, and spoilage microbes) are welcome. Moreover, in this Research Topic, we encourage mini-review submissions on topics of immediate interest in wine microbiology that link microbial biodiversity with positive/negative effects in wine.

Wine --- Yeasts --- Microbial Diversity --- Bacteria --- Safety --- alcoholic fermentation --- malolactic fermentation --- grapes --- quality

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During spontaneous food/beverage fermentations, the microbiota associated with the raw material has a considerable importance: this microbial consortium evolves in reason of the nutrient content and of the physical, chemical, and biological determinants present in the food matrix, shaping fermentation dynamics with significant impacts on the ‘qualities’ of final productions. The selection from the indigenous micro-biodiversity of ‘virtuous’ ecotypes that coupled pro-technological and biotechnological aptitudes provide the basis for the formulation of ‘tailored’ starter cultures. In the fermenting food and beverage arena, the wine sector is generally characterized by the generation of a high added value. Together with a pronounced seasonality, this feature strongly contributes to the selection of a large group of starter cultures. In the last years, several studies contributed to describe the complexity of grapevine-associated microbiota using both culture-dependent and culture-independent approaches. The grape-associated microbial communities continuously change during the wine-making process, with different dominances that correspond to the main biotechnological steps that take place in wine. In order to simplify, following a time trend, four major dominances can be mainly considered: non-Saccharomyces, Saccharomyces, lactic acid bacteria (LAB), and spoilage microbes. The first two dominances come in succession during the alcoholic fermentation: the impact of Saccharomyces (that are responsible of key enological step of ethanol production) can be complemented/integrated by the contributions of compatible non-Saccharomyces strains. Lactic acid bacteria constitute the malolactic consortium responsible of malolactic fermentation, a microbial bioconversion often desired in wine (especially in red wine production). Finally, the fourth dominance, the undesired microbiota, represents a panel of microorganisms that, coupling spoilage potential to the resistance to the harsh conditions typical of wine environment, can cause important economic losses. In each of these four dominances a complex microbial biodiversity has been described. The studies on the enological significance of the micro-biodiversity connected with each of the four dominances highlighted the presence of a dichotomy: in each consortia there are species/strains that, in reason of their metabolisms, are able to improve wine ‘qualities’ (resource of interest in starter cultures design), and species/strains that with their metabolism are responsible of depreciation of wine. Articles describing new oenological impacts of yeasts and bacteria belonging to the four main categories above mentioned (non-Saccharomyces, Saccharomycetes, lactic acid bacteria, and spoilage microbes) are welcome. Moreover, in this Research Topic, we encourage mini-review submissions on topics of immediate interest in wine microbiology that link microbial biodiversity with positive/negative effects in wine.

Wine --- Yeasts --- Microbial Diversity --- Bacteria --- Safety --- alcoholic fermentation --- malolactic fermentation --- grapes --- quality

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Emerging Trends in Beverage Processing describes several non-thermal emerging technologies and biotechnologies. The use of non-thermal technologies represnts the future of food processing because due to the ability of such technologies to increase the shelf life, preserving nutritional and sensory quality. This book considers several promising technologies, such as: hyperbaric storage, ultrasound, high pressure homogeneization, pulsed light, cold plasma and pulsed electric fields, together with other emerging biotechnologies.

red wine --- thermovinification --- flash-release --- pulsed electric fields --- ultrasound --- hyperbaric storage --- high pressure --- food preservation --- fruit juice --- atmospheric pressure cold plasma --- continuous flow --- batch --- Argon --- color --- high pressure homogenization (HPH) --- wine technology --- microbial inactivation --- ageing on lees --- yeast autolysis --- minerality --- partial least squares regression --- predictive model --- white wine --- malolactic fermentation --- Lactobacillus plantarum --- Oenococcus oeni --- facultative hetero-fermentative --- starter cultures --- antimicrobial --- food technology --- non-Saccharomyces --- enzymatic activity --- wine quality --- n/a

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During the last few years, industrial fermentation technologies have advanced in order to improve the quality of the final product. Some examples of those modern technologies are the biotechnology developments of microbial materials, such as Saccharomyces and non-Saccharomyces yeasts or lactic bacteria from different genera. Other technologies are related to the use of additives and adjuvants, such as nutrients, enzymes, fining agents, or preservatives and their management, which directly influence the quality and reduce the risks in final fermentation products. Other technologies are based on the management of thermal treatments, filtrations, pressure applications, ultrasounds, UV, and so on, which have also led to improvements in fermentation quality in recent years. The aim of the issue is to study new technologies able to improve the quality parameters of fermentation products, such as aroma, color, turbidity, acidity, or any other parameters related to improving sensory perception by the consumers. Food safety parameters are also included.

low-ethanol wines --- wine-related fungi --- non-Saccharomyces --- yeasts --- narince --- wine quality --- tryptophol --- low ethanol wine --- serotonin --- non-conventional yeasts --- Bombino bianco --- Schizosaccharomyces pombe --- volatile compounds --- ethyl carbamate --- phthalates --- autochthonous --- meta-taxonomic analysis --- Pichia kluyveri --- pH control --- IAA --- Torulaspora delbrueckii --- chemical analyses --- aroma profile --- yeast --- enzymatic patterns --- wine flavor --- fermentation --- must replacement --- Saccharomyces cerevisiae --- malolactic fermentation --- wine --- HACCP --- food quality --- sequential inoculation --- alcoholic beverages --- itaconic acid --- biocontrol application --- white wine --- hydroxytyrosol --- tryptophan --- glucose --- kinetic analysis --- wine aroma --- amino acid decarboxylation --- lactic acid bacteria --- vineyard soil --- wine color --- tyrosol --- Saccharomyces --- Gompertz-model --- sequential culture --- biogenic amines --- SO2 reduction --- climate change --- Vineyard Microbiota --- A. terreus --- sulfur dioxide --- human health-promoting compounds --- Hanseniaspora guilliermondii --- non-Saccharomyces screening --- aromatic/sensorial profiles --- Malvar (Vitis vinifera L. cv.) --- probiotics --- Yeasts --- native yeast --- color --- glutathione --- hot pre-fermentative maceration --- technological characterization --- wine-related bacteria --- Riesling --- Torulaspora microellipsoides --- Lachancea thermotolerans --- Metschnikowia pulcherrima --- cashew apple juice --- resveratrol --- biocontrol --- shiraz --- Tannat --- ochratoxin A --- aroma compound --- trehalose --- wine composition --- Hanseniaspora uvarum yeast --- food safety --- acidity --- sensory evaluation --- viticulture --- melatonin --- alcoholic fermentation --- aroma