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In this work two ideas of using individual metal organic molecules in applications for data storage are presented. On the one hand, metal-free phthalocyanine is used to form a GMR contact consisting of one single molecule leading to the world smallest magnetic sensor. On the other hand, chromium acetylacetonate was used to study the properties of magnetic molecules adsorbed on surfaces in order to build magnetic bits for date storage.

spintronics --- nanotechnology --- magnetic sensors --- giant magneto resistance --- organic electronics

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Colossal magnetoresistance materials, to which manganites and conventional ferromagnetic semiconductors belong, draw great attention because of their intriguing physical properties and the excellent prospects for their practical applications in electronic devices. In addition, magnetic semiconductors are basic materials for high-temperature conductors, and it is impossible to construct a theory of the latter without elucidating properties of the former.This book presents theoretical and experimental results on manganites and conventional magnetic semiconductors, with emphasis on the former. It

Magnetoresistance. --- Manganite. --- Magnetic semiconductors. --- Semiconductors --- Manganese ores --- Oxide minerals --- Magneto-resistance --- Electric resistance --- Galvanomagnetic effects --- Magnetic fields

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Since the discovery of the giant magnetoresistance (GMR) effect in 1988, spintronics has been presented as a new technology paradigm, awarded by the Nobel Prize in Physics in 2007. Initially used in read heads of hard disk drives, and while disputing a piece of the market to the flash memories, GMR devices have broadened their range of usage by growing towards magnetic field sensing applications in a huge range of scenarios. Potential applications at the time of the discovery have become real in the last two decades. Definitively, GMR was born to stand. In this sense, selected successful approaches of GMR based sensors in different applications: space, automotive, microelectronics, biotechnology … are collected in the present book. While keeping a practical orientation, the fundamentals as well as the current trends and challenges of this technology are also analyzed. In this sense, state of the art contributions from academy and industry can be found through the contents. This book can be used by starting researchers, postgraduate students and multidisciplinary scientists in order to have a reference text in this topical fascinating field.

Detectors. --- Magnetoresistance. --- Electrical & Computer Engineering --- Engineering & Applied Sciences --- Electrical Engineering --- Sensors --- Magneto-resistance --- Engineering. --- Physical measurements. --- Measurement. --- Electronics. --- Microelectronics. --- Electronics and Microelectronics, Instrumentation. --- Signal, Image and Speech Processing. --- Measurement Science and Instrumentation. --- Engineering instruments --- Physical instruments --- Electric resistance --- Galvanomagnetic effects --- Magnetic fields --- Electrical engineering --- Physical sciences --- Signal processing. --- Image processing. --- Speech processing systems. --- Measurement   . --- Microminiature electronic equipment --- Microminiaturization (Electronics) --- Electronics --- Microtechnology --- Semiconductors --- Miniature electronic equipment --- Measuring --- Mensuration --- Mathematics --- Technology --- Metrology --- Physical measurements --- Measurements, Physical --- Mathematical physics --- Measurement --- Computational linguistics --- Electronic systems --- Information theory --- Modulation theory --- Oral communication --- Speech --- Telecommunication --- Singing voice synthesizers --- Pictorial data processing --- Picture processing --- Processing, Image --- Imaging systems --- Optical data processing --- Processing, Signal --- Information measurement --- Signal theory (Telecommunication) --- Spintronics.

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Severe plastic deformation (SPD) is a very attractive research field for metallic materials because it provides new possibilities for manufacturing nanostructured materials in large quantities and allows microstructural design on different hierarchical levels. The papers included in this issue address the following topics: novel SPD processes as well as recent advancements in established processing methods, microstructure evolution and grain refinement in single- and multi-phase alloys as well as composites, strategies to enhance the microstructure stability at elevated temperatures, mechanically driven phase transformations, surface nanostructuring, gradient and multilayered materials, and mechanical and physical properties of SPD-processed materials.

History of engineering & technology --- Mg-3.7Al-1.8Ca-0.4Mn alloy --- Al2Ca phase --- equal channel angular pressing --- refinement --- mechanical properties --- aluminium copper-clad rod --- hardness --- effective electrical conductivity --- severe plastic deformation --- Mg-9Li duplex alloy --- ECAP --- rolling --- high strength --- microstructure --- high pressure torsion extrusion --- gradient structure --- hardness distribution --- tensile properties --- copper --- high pressure torsion --- microstructural characterization --- magnetic properties --- hysteresis --- magneto-resistance --- β titanium alloys --- α phase precipitation --- phase composition --- high energy synchrotron X-ray diffraction --- metastable β-Ti alloys --- powder metallurgy --- cryogenic milling --- spark plasma sintering --- surface mechanical attrition treatment (SMAT) --- ultrasonic shot peening (USP) --- functionally graded materials (FGM) --- titanium niobium alloys --- titanium molybdenum alloys --- human mesenchymal stem cells culture --- cell adhesion --- cell proliferation --- magnesium --- equal-channel angular pressing --- deformation tests --- texture --- schmid factor --- cryogenic temperature --- 304L austenitic stainless steel --- rotating–bending fatigue --- tension–compression fatigue --- TiNi alloy --- thermal cycling --- ultrafine-grained structure --- microstructural and mechanical stability --- Ti–Fe --- high-pressure torsion --- high-temperature XRD --- differential scanning calorimetry --- phase diagram --- CalPhaD --- Mg alloy --- severe plastic deformation (SPD) --- intermetallic precipitates --- vacancy agglomerates --- corrosion --- n/a --- rotating-bending fatigue --- tension-compression fatigue --- Ti-Fe

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Severe plastic deformation (SPD) is a very attractive research field for metallic materials because it provides new possibilities for manufacturing nanostructured materials in large quantities and allows microstructural design on different hierarchical levels. The papers included in this issue address the following topics: novel SPD processes as well as recent advancements in established processing methods, microstructure evolution and grain refinement in single- and multi-phase alloys as well as composites, strategies to enhance the microstructure stability at elevated temperatures, mechanically driven phase transformations, surface nanostructuring, gradient and multilayered materials, and mechanical and physical properties of SPD-processed materials.

History of engineering & technology --- Mg-3.7Al-1.8Ca-0.4Mn alloy --- Al2Ca phase --- equal channel angular pressing --- refinement --- mechanical properties --- aluminium copper-clad rod --- hardness --- effective electrical conductivity --- severe plastic deformation --- Mg-9Li duplex alloy --- ECAP --- rolling --- high strength --- microstructure --- high pressure torsion extrusion --- gradient structure --- hardness distribution --- tensile properties --- copper --- high pressure torsion --- microstructural characterization --- magnetic properties --- hysteresis --- magneto-resistance --- β titanium alloys --- α phase precipitation --- phase composition --- high energy synchrotron X-ray diffraction --- metastable β-Ti alloys --- powder metallurgy --- cryogenic milling --- spark plasma sintering --- surface mechanical attrition treatment (SMAT) --- ultrasonic shot peening (USP) --- functionally graded materials (FGM) --- titanium niobium alloys --- titanium molybdenum alloys --- human mesenchymal stem cells culture --- cell adhesion --- cell proliferation --- magnesium --- equal-channel angular pressing --- deformation tests --- texture --- schmid factor --- cryogenic temperature --- 304L austenitic stainless steel --- rotating-bending fatigue --- tension-compression fatigue --- TiNi alloy --- thermal cycling --- ultrafine-grained structure --- microstructural and mechanical stability --- Ti-Fe --- high-pressure torsion --- high-temperature XRD --- differential scanning calorimetry --- phase diagram --- CalPhaD --- Mg alloy --- severe plastic deformation (SPD) --- intermetallic precipitates --- vacancy agglomerates --- corrosion