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This Open Access volume provides readers with an open access protocol collection and wide-ranging recommendations for preclinical renal MRI used in translational research. The chapters in this book are interdisciplinary in nature and bridge the gaps between physics, physiology, and medicine. They are designed to enhance training in renal MRI sciences and improve the reproducibility of renal imaging research. Chapters provide guidance for exploring, using and developing small animal renal MRI in your laboratory as a unique tool for advanced in vivo phenotyping, diagnostic imaging, and research into potential new therapies. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Cutting-edge and thorough, Preclinical MRI of the Kidney: Methods and Protocols is a valuable resource and will be of importance to anyone interested in the preclinical aspect of renal and cardiorenal diseases in the fields of physiology, nephrology, radiology, and cardiology. This publication is based upon work from COST Action PARENCHIMA, supported by European Cooperation in Science and Technology (COST). COST (www.cost.eu) is a funding agency for research and innovation networks. COST Actions help connect research initiatives across Europe and enable scientists to grow their ideas by sharing them with their peers. This boosts their research, career and innovation. PARENCHIMA (renalmri.org) is a community-driven Action in the COST program of the European Union, which unites more than 200 experts in renal MRI from 30 countries with the aim to improve the reproducibility and standardization of renal MRI biomarkers.

Ronyó --- Ressonància magnètica --- Àtoms --- Spin (Física nuclear) --- Ressonància magnètica nuclear --- Ressonància paramagnètica electrònica --- Relaxació magnètica --- Ronyons --- Abdomen --- Aparell urinari --- Diüresi --- Glàndules suprarenals --- Malalties del ronyó --- Nefrologia --- Analytical chemistry. --- Biology—Technique. --- Radiology. --- Physiology. --- Medicine—Research. --- Biology—Research. --- Analytical Chemistry. --- Biological Techniques. --- Biomedical Research. --- Radiological physics --- Physics --- Radiation --- Analysis, Chemical --- Analytic chemistry --- Chemical analysis --- Chemistry, Analytic --- Chemistry --- Animal physiology --- Animals --- Biology --- Anatomy --- Physiology --- Analytical Chemistry --- Biological Techniques --- Imaging / Radiology --- Biomedicine, general --- Biological Imaging --- Radiology --- Renal Physiology --- Preclinical Research --- renal pathophysiology --- diabetic nephropathy --- circadian rhythm --- Magnetic field strength --- Radio frequency coils --- NCMRA --- CEMRA --- Open Access --- Biology, life sciences --- Scientific equipment, experiments & techniques --- Medical imaging --- Life sciences: general issues --- Medical research --- Fisiologia humana --- Imatges per ressonància magnètica --- Diagnòstic per ressonància magnètica nuclear --- IRM --- MR Imaging --- MRI --- Tomografia per ressonància magnètica nuclear --- Diagnòstic per la imatge --- Biologia humana --- Ciències de la salut --- Fisiologia --- Mecànica humana --- Reproducció humana --- Cos humà

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Like all branches of physics and engineering, electromagnetics relies on mathematical methods for modeling, simulation, and design procedures in all of its aspects (radiation, propagation, scattering, imaging, etc.). Originally, rigorous analytical techniques were the only machinery available to produce any useful results. In the 1960s and 1970s, emphasis was placed on asymptotic techniques, which produced approximations of the fields for very high frequencies when closed-form solutions were not feasible. Later, when computers demonstrated explosive progress, numerical techniques were utilized to develop approximate results of controllable accuracy for arbitrary geometries. In this Special Issue, the most recent advances in the aforementioned approaches are presented to illustrate the state-of-the-art mathematical techniques in electromagnetics.

History of engineering & technology --- cubic-quartic Schrödinger equation --- cubic-quartic resonant Schrödinger equation --- parabolic law --- wave field transformation --- finite difference method --- Cole-Cole model --- Monte Carlo simulations --- percolation --- conductivity --- carbon nanotubes composite --- optical parametric amplification --- non-linear wave mixing --- micro-resonator --- optimization --- MRI system --- birdcage coil --- birdcage configurations --- coil capacitance --- analytical solution --- equivalent circuit modelling --- T-matrix theory --- 3D-EM simulation --- small volume RF coil --- method of auxiliary sources (MAS) --- electromagnetic scattering --- wedge --- numerical methods --- accuracy --- coil gun --- reluctance --- electromagnetic launcher --- mechatronics --- electronics --- mechanics --- simulation --- RoboCup --- magnetic field strength --- magnetic flux density --- magnetic potential --- current density --- power transmission line --- electromagnetic modelling --- integral formulation --- skin effect --- thin shell approach --- mutual inductance --- finite element method --- partial element equivalent circuit method --- magnetite nanoparticles --- Mie scattering theory --- near infrared laser --- photothermal therapy --- bioheat transfer --- diffusion approximation --- Arrhenius integral --- breast cancer --- air-core pulsed alternator --- electromagnetic rail launcher --- coupled analysis --- computational electromagnetics --- integral formulations --- cubic-quartic Schrödinger equation --- cubic-quartic resonant Schrödinger equation --- parabolic law --- wave field transformation --- finite difference method --- Cole-Cole model --- Monte Carlo simulations --- percolation --- conductivity --- carbon nanotubes composite --- optical parametric amplification --- non-linear wave mixing --- micro-resonator --- optimization --- MRI system --- birdcage coil --- birdcage configurations --- coil capacitance --- analytical solution --- equivalent circuit modelling --- T-matrix theory --- 3D-EM simulation --- small volume RF coil --- method of auxiliary sources (MAS) --- electromagnetic scattering --- wedge --- numerical methods --- accuracy --- coil gun --- reluctance --- electromagnetic launcher --- mechatronics --- electronics --- mechanics --- simulation --- RoboCup --- magnetic field strength --- magnetic flux density --- magnetic potential --- current density --- power transmission line --- electromagnetic modelling --- integral formulation --- skin effect --- thin shell approach --- mutual inductance --- finite element method --- partial element equivalent circuit method --- magnetite nanoparticles --- Mie scattering theory --- near infrared laser --- photothermal therapy --- bioheat transfer --- diffusion approximation --- Arrhenius integral --- breast cancer --- air-core pulsed alternator --- electromagnetic rail launcher --- coupled analysis --- computational electromagnetics --- integral formulations