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Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a particular phenotype of non-ischemic systolic heart failure, frequently recognizing a genetic background and affecting relatively young patients with few comorbidities. Nowadays, long-term survival of DCM patients has been markedly improved due to an early diagnosis and uninterrupted and tailored follow-up under constant optimal medical and non-pharmacological evidence-based treatments. Nevertheless, DCM is still one of the most common causes of heart transplantation in the western world. Clinical management requires an integrated and systematic use of diagnostic tools and a deeper investigation of the basic mechanisms underlying the disease. However, several emerging issues remain debated. Specifically, the genotype–phenotype correlation, the role of advanced imaging techniques and genetic testing, the lack of appropriate risk stratification models, the need for a multiparametric and multidisciplinary approach for device implantation, and a continuous reclassification of the disease during follow-up remain challenging issues in clinical practice. Therefore, the aim of this Special Issue is to shed the light on the most recent advancements in characterization and clinical management of DCM in order to unveil the conundrum of this particular disease.

SCN5A --- cardiac sodium channel --- cardiac channelopathy --- dilated cardiomyopathy --- precision medicine --- arrhythmias --- atrial fibrillation --- cardiomyopathy --- heart failure --- supraventricular arrhythmia --- systolic dysfunction --- tachycardiomyopathy --- ventricular arrhythmia --- left atrial strain --- cardiac resynchronization therapy --- muscular dystrophy --- calcium --- heart --- gene therapy --- phospholamban --- Serca2a --- mdx --- oxidative stress --- membrane stabilization --- left ventricular noncompaction --- congenital heart disease --- congestive heart failure --- non-ischemic cardiomyopathy --- genetics --- desmin --- mitochondrial dysfunction --- myopathy --- whole exome sequencing --- laminopathy --- LMNA --- biomarkers --- troponin T --- NT-proBNP --- malignant ventricular arrhythmia --- arrhythmic risk stratification --- DNA methylation --- alternative splicing --- epigenetics --- nonischemic dilated cardiomyopathy --- cardiac magnetic resonance imaging --- late gadolinium enhancement --- long axis strain --- left ventricle sphericity index --- major adverse cardiovascular events --- sex differences --- left ventricular reverse remodelling --- long-term outcomes --- left ventricle non-compaction cardiomyopathy --- cardiac magnetic resonance --- titin --- RNA binding motif protein 20 (RBM20) --- sarcomere --- diastolic dysfunction --- phosphorylation --- non-sense mRNA decay --- mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) complex-1 --- duchenne muscular distrophy --- n/a

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The mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) is a major signaling intermediary that coordinates favorable environmental conditions with cell growth. Indeed, as part of two functionally distinct protein complexes, named mTORC1 and mTORC2, mTOR regulates a variety of cellular processes, including protein, lipid, and nucleotide synthesis, as well as autophagy. Over the last two decades, major molecular advances have been made in mTOR signaling and have revealed the complexity of the events implicated in mTOR function and regulation. In parallel, the role of mTOR in diverse pathological conditions has also been identified, including in cancer, hamartoma, neurological, and metabolic diseases. Through a series of articles, this book focuses on the role played by mTOR in cellular processes, metabolism in particular, and highlights a panel of human diseases for which mTOR inhibition provides or might provide benefits. It also addresses future studies needed to further characterize the role of mTOR in selected disorders, which will help design novel therapeutic approaches. It is therefore intended for everyone who has an interest in mTOR biology and its application in human pathologies.

n/a --- primary cilia --- neurodegeneration --- nutrient sensor --- PI3K --- transcriptomics --- phosphorylation --- metabolic reprogramming --- autophagy --- Alzheimer’s disease --- rapalogs --- liver --- angiogenesis --- mTOR complex --- MBSCs --- advanced biliary tract cancers --- Medulloblastoma --- epithelial to mesenchymal transition --- AMPK --- p70S6K --- lipid metabolism --- thyroid cancer --- sodium iodide symporter (NIS)/SLC5A5 --- male fertility --- anesthesia --- illumina --- mTOR inhibitor --- miRNA --- Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome (HGPS) --- eIFs --- Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy (EDMD) --- glucose --- AKT --- oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) --- glucose and lipid metabolism --- cellular signaling --- aging --- tumor microenvironment --- rapamycin --- leukemia --- chloral hydrate --- rapalogues --- schizophrenia --- T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia --- senescence --- lamin A/C --- neurotoxicity --- neurodevelopment --- inhibitor --- methamphetamine --- pulmonary fibrosis --- mTOR --- mTOR inhibitors --- combination therapy --- proteolysis --- fluid shear stress --- tumour cachexia --- biomarkers --- synapse --- gluconeogenesis --- mTOR signal pathway --- Sertoli cells --- immunosenescence --- miRNome --- protein aggregation --- senolytics --- metabolism --- NGS --- mTORC2 --- mTORC1 --- metabolic diseases --- IonTorrent --- apoptosis --- dopamine receptor --- nocodazole --- microenvironment --- everolimus --- acute myeloid leukemia --- immunotherapy --- spermatogenesis --- bone remodeling --- signalling --- targeted therapy --- ageing --- therapy --- NVP-BEZ235 --- fructose --- physical activity --- laminopathies --- MC3T3-E1 cells --- cell signaling --- microRNA --- cancer --- lipolysis --- melatonin --- Parkinson’s disease --- Alzheimer's disease --- Parkinson's disease