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Since the beginning of the 20th century, research in low-temperature plasmas has grown into a major field of plasma science. In particular, confined plasmas are of great interest for a large range of technological applications: from domestic with lightning and plasma displays panels (PDPs), to electric space propulsion and, more recently, medicine. This vast domain of application gives rise to many numerical models whose specificities are adapted to current needs. The main difficulty in plasma modelling is the very large mass disparity between electrons and the other species that compose the ionised gas. This intrinsic multiscale property makes the numerical problem very stiff. Paving the way to the need of high-resolution methods. This work proposes the numerical simulation of a two-fluid low-temperature plasma with the use of high order Discontinuous Galerkin finite element Methods (DG-FEM). For this purpose, the coupled resolution of the electrons and ions transports equations with a Poisson's equation for the electrical potential is carried out through a fully implicit strategy. This choice permits to overcome the strict stability constraints coming from the electrons/ions mass disparity that affect explicit schemes. Starting from the general Galerkin variational formulation, this coupled resolution of hyperbolic-elliptic equations is addressed with the implementation of specific strategies: An entropy-consistent Roe numerical flux is developed alongside incomplete internal penalty methods being applied only to the electrostatic system. An extension to the classical formulation of the implicit ESDIRK scheme is provided. Indeed, the inertia terms associate to the potential is deactivated by the introduction of a Boolean parameter which is equal to 1 for all the parameters excepts for the potential. As a result, this modification of the implicit method permits to treat the Poisson's equation alongside the fluid equations during the Newton iterator, enhancing then its convergence. An automatic evaluation of the Jacobian matrix using first-order central difference is also described with a specific treatment made onto the linearisation of the ionisation contributions. All of these strategies were implemented in the ForDGe solver, an immersed boundary Cartesian DG-FEM solver developed at the University of Liege. Tested on two practical cases, namely: the two-stream periodic perturbation and the sheath problem, the current fully-coupled implicit DG-FEM solver is able to tackle accurately the physics of low-temperature collisionless plasma. In the case of the two-stream instability, the current implicit solver demonstrated its increased stability with resolution using time step that is more than two orders of magnitude bigger than the electron plasma frequency, one of the most stringent stability constraints for plasma flows. Non-linear behaviour of the solution is encountered when dealing with longer simulation. This can be addressed to a lack of consistency of the Roe flux at low-Mach regime. For the plasma sheath problem, the current solver allows us to reach a steady state solution that is in very good agreement with state of the art solution, but also gives a good representation of the physics of the sheath. The steady state is achieved with the simple use of time integration, at the cost of considerable computational effort.
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This book is a printed edition of the Special Issue Promising Detoxification Strategies to Mitigate Mycotoxins in Food and Feed that was published in Toxins
Trichoderma --- n/a --- photodegradation product --- physical decontamination --- growth performance --- toxigenic Fusarium --- curcumin --- mitigation --- Aspergillus flavus --- food and beverage --- ascladiol --- biological control --- antioxidant capability --- trichothecene --- bioprospecting --- turkey --- processing --- chicks --- Sporobolomyces sp. IAM 13481 --- mycotoxins --- epimer --- Tri101 --- enzymes --- neutral electrolyzed water --- antioxidant function --- purification --- ameliorating effects --- aflatoxin-degrading enzyme --- chemical decontamination --- desoxypatulinic acid --- furan rings --- maize --- atmospheric pressure --- biotransformation --- estrogen receptor (ER) --- oxidative stress --- decontamination --- Bacillus shackletonii --- hyssop --- DBD --- degradation --- TQEF-MS/MS --- CYP450 --- enzymatic detoxification --- low temperature plasma --- Fusarium --- AFBO–DNA --- modified mycotoxin --- Bacillus subtilis ANSB060 --- polarity --- thermal treatment --- serum hormones --- mycotoxins mitigation --- mycotoxin --- zearalenone (ZEA) --- cell viability --- detoxification --- patulin --- biodegradation --- interactions --- intracellular and extracellular enzymes --- Bacillus licheniformis CK1 --- deoxynivalenol --- aflatoxins --- aflatoxin B1 --- biological decontamination --- Corylus avellana --- molecular --- Pichia caribbica --- mild technologies --- microbial patulin degradation --- enzyme --- proteomics --- fatty acids --- spores of Ganoderma lucidum --- inhibition --- residue --- food safety --- cold atmospheric pressure plasma technology --- application --- post-weaning female piglets --- laccase --- aflatoxin biodegradation preparation --- Aflatoxin B1 --- microorganism identification --- AFBO-DNA
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The miniaturization of industrial products is a global trend. Metal forming technology is not only suitable for mass production and excellent in productivity and cost reduction, but it is also a key processing method that is essential for products that utilize advantage of the mechanical and functional properties of metals. However, it is not easy to realize the processing even if the conventional metal forming technology is directly scaled down. This is because the characteristics of materials, processing methods, die and tools, etc., vary greatly with miniaturization. In metal micro forming technology, the size effect of major issues for micro forming have also been clarified academically. New processing methods for metal micro forming have also been developed by introducing new special processing techniques, and it is a new wave of innovation toward high precision, high degree of processing, and high flexibility. To date, several special issues and books have been published on micro-forming technology. This book contains 11 of the latest research results on metal micro forming technology. The editor believes that it will be very useful for understanding the state-of-the-art of metal micro forming technology and for understanding future trends.
History of engineering & technology --- laser impact liquid flexible embossing --- microforming --- 3-D large area micro arrays --- liquid shock wave --- high strain rate forming --- numerical simulation --- carbon nanotubes --- feedstock --- homogeneity --- metallic powders --- micro hot embossing --- shaping --- plasma printing --- micro-texturing --- screen printing --- low-temperature plasma nitriding --- selective anisotropic nitrogen embedding --- selective hardening --- sand blasting --- AISI316 --- micro-meshing punch array --- copper plates --- resistance heating system --- surface modification --- free surface roughness evolution --- compression --- thin sheet metal --- micro metal forming --- ultrasonic --- orbital forming --- micro-tubes --- micro-tube drawing --- micro-hydroforming --- laser assisted --- severe plastic deformation --- micro-tube testing --- dieless drawing --- SUS304 stainless steel wires --- oxide layer --- finite element simulation --- surface texturing --- sheet metal forming --- in-situ observation --- micro-dimple --- lubricant --- microtube --- hydroforming --- T-shape bulging --- tube materials --- friction --- tube length --- micro hydroformability --- process window --- FE analysis --- microstructure --- size effects --- deformation characterization --- micro-rolling --- wire --- n/a
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The miniaturization of industrial products is a global trend. Metal forming technology is not only suitable for mass production and excellent in productivity and cost reduction, but it is also a key processing method that is essential for products that utilize advantage of the mechanical and functional properties of metals. However, it is not easy to realize the processing even if the conventional metal forming technology is directly scaled down. This is because the characteristics of materials, processing methods, die and tools, etc., vary greatly with miniaturization. In metal micro forming technology, the size effect of major issues for micro forming have also been clarified academically. New processing methods for metal micro forming have also been developed by introducing new special processing techniques, and it is a new wave of innovation toward high precision, high degree of processing, and high flexibility. To date, several special issues and books have been published on micro-forming technology. This book contains 11 of the latest research results on metal micro forming technology. The editor believes that it will be very useful for understanding the state-of-the-art of metal micro forming technology and for understanding future trends.
laser impact liquid flexible embossing --- microforming --- 3-D large area micro arrays --- liquid shock wave --- high strain rate forming --- numerical simulation --- carbon nanotubes --- feedstock --- homogeneity --- metallic powders --- micro hot embossing --- shaping --- plasma printing --- micro-texturing --- screen printing --- low-temperature plasma nitriding --- selective anisotropic nitrogen embedding --- selective hardening --- sand blasting --- AISI316 --- micro-meshing punch array --- copper plates --- resistance heating system --- surface modification --- free surface roughness evolution --- compression --- thin sheet metal --- micro metal forming --- ultrasonic --- orbital forming --- micro-tubes --- micro-tube drawing --- micro-hydroforming --- laser assisted --- severe plastic deformation --- micro-tube testing --- dieless drawing --- SUS304 stainless steel wires --- oxide layer --- finite element simulation --- surface texturing --- sheet metal forming --- in-situ observation --- micro-dimple --- lubricant --- microtube --- hydroforming --- T-shape bulging --- tube materials --- friction --- tube length --- micro hydroformability --- process window --- FE analysis --- microstructure --- size effects --- deformation characterization --- micro-rolling --- wire --- n/a
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The miniaturization of industrial products is a global trend. Metal forming technology is not only suitable for mass production and excellent in productivity and cost reduction, but it is also a key processing method that is essential for products that utilize advantage of the mechanical and functional properties of metals. However, it is not easy to realize the processing even if the conventional metal forming technology is directly scaled down. This is because the characteristics of materials, processing methods, die and tools, etc., vary greatly with miniaturization. In metal micro forming technology, the size effect of major issues for micro forming have also been clarified academically. New processing methods for metal micro forming have also been developed by introducing new special processing techniques, and it is a new wave of innovation toward high precision, high degree of processing, and high flexibility. To date, several special issues and books have been published on micro-forming technology. This book contains 11 of the latest research results on metal micro forming technology. The editor believes that it will be very useful for understanding the state-of-the-art of metal micro forming technology and for understanding future trends.
History of engineering & technology --- laser impact liquid flexible embossing --- microforming --- 3-D large area micro arrays --- liquid shock wave --- high strain rate forming --- numerical simulation --- carbon nanotubes --- feedstock --- homogeneity --- metallic powders --- micro hot embossing --- shaping --- plasma printing --- micro-texturing --- screen printing --- low-temperature plasma nitriding --- selective anisotropic nitrogen embedding --- selective hardening --- sand blasting --- AISI316 --- micro-meshing punch array --- copper plates --- resistance heating system --- surface modification --- free surface roughness evolution --- compression --- thin sheet metal --- micro metal forming --- ultrasonic --- orbital forming --- micro-tubes --- micro-tube drawing --- micro-hydroforming --- laser assisted --- severe plastic deformation --- micro-tube testing --- dieless drawing --- SUS304 stainless steel wires --- oxide layer --- finite element simulation --- surface texturing --- sheet metal forming --- in-situ observation --- micro-dimple --- lubricant --- microtube --- hydroforming --- T-shape bulging --- tube materials --- friction --- tube length --- micro hydroformability --- process window --- FE analysis --- microstructure --- size effects --- deformation characterization --- micro-rolling --- wire --- laser impact liquid flexible embossing --- microforming --- 3-D large area micro arrays --- liquid shock wave --- high strain rate forming --- numerical simulation --- carbon nanotubes --- feedstock --- homogeneity --- metallic powders --- micro hot embossing --- shaping --- plasma printing --- micro-texturing --- screen printing --- low-temperature plasma nitriding --- selective anisotropic nitrogen embedding --- selective hardening --- sand blasting --- AISI316 --- micro-meshing punch array --- copper plates --- resistance heating system --- surface modification --- free surface roughness evolution --- compression --- thin sheet metal --- micro metal forming --- ultrasonic --- orbital forming --- micro-tubes --- micro-tube drawing --- micro-hydroforming --- laser assisted --- severe plastic deformation --- micro-tube testing --- dieless drawing --- SUS304 stainless steel wires --- oxide layer --- finite element simulation --- surface texturing --- sheet metal forming --- in-situ observation --- micro-dimple --- lubricant --- microtube --- hydroforming --- T-shape bulging --- tube materials --- friction --- tube length --- micro hydroformability --- process window --- FE analysis --- microstructure --- size effects --- deformation characterization --- micro-rolling --- wire
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Polymerized nanoparticles and nanofibers can be prepared using various processes, such as chemical synthesis, the electrochemical method, electrospinning, ultrasonic irradiation, hard and soft templates, seeding polymerization, interfacial polymerization, and plasma polymerization. Among these processes, plasma polymerization and aerosol-through-plasma (A-T-P) processes have versatile advantages, especially due to them being “dry", for the deposition of plasma polymer films and carbon-based materials with functional properties suitable for a wide range of applications, such as electronic and optical devices, protective coatings, and biomedical materials. Furthermore, it is well known that plasma polymers are highly cross-linked, pinhole free, branched, insoluble, and adhere well to most substrates. In order to synthesize the polymer films using the plasma processes, therefore, it is very important to increase the density and electron temperature of plasma during plasma polymerization.
Technology: general issues --- Chemical engineering --- polytetrafluoroethylene --- fluorine depletion --- hydrogen plasma --- VUV radiation --- surface modification --- hydrophilic --- polyamide --- gaseous plasma --- water contact angle --- XPS --- polyamide membranes --- magnetron sputtering --- TiO2 + AgO coatings --- low-pressure plasma --- plasma treatment --- polyaniline (PANI) --- conductive polymer --- plasma polymerization --- aniline --- atmospheric pressure plasma reactor (AP plasma reactor) --- in-situ iodine (I2) doping --- atmospheric pressure plasma --- filler --- polylactic acid --- polymer composite --- polyethylene --- corona discharge --- polyethylene glycol --- adhesion --- polymer --- biomedical applications --- additive manufacturing --- toluidine blue method --- enzymatic degradation --- microwave discharge --- discharges in liquids --- microwave discharge in liquid hydrocarbons --- methods of generation --- plasma properties --- gas products --- solid products --- plasma diagnostics --- plasma modeling --- room temperature growth --- porous polythiophene --- conducting polymer --- NO2 --- gas sensors --- ion beam sputtering --- continuum equation --- plasma --- sublimation --- PA6.6 --- cold plasma --- electrical discharges --- voltage multiplier --- polymers --- oleofobization --- paper --- cellulose --- HMDSO --- atmospheric-pressure plasma --- solution plasma --- polymer films --- nanoparticles --- surface wettability --- graphene oxide --- cyclic olefin copolymer --- GO reduction --- titanium (Ti) alloys --- low-temperature plasma polymerization --- plasma-fluorocarbon-polymer --- anti-adhesive surface --- inflammatory/immunological response --- intramuscularly implantation --- atmospheric pressure plasma jet --- dielectric barrier discharge --- piezoelectric direct discharge --- surface free energy --- test ink --- surface activation --- allyl-substituted cyclic carbonate --- free-radical polymerization --- plasma process --- plasma polymerisation --- plasma deposition --- poly(lactic acid) --- PLA --- ascorbic acid --- fumaric acid --- grafting --- wettability --- BOPP foil --- DCSBD --- VDBD --- ageing --- surface functionalization --- atmospheric pressure plasmas --- glow-like discharge --- single pin electrode --- PANI thin film --- polytetrafluoroethylene --- fluorine depletion --- hydrogen plasma --- VUV radiation --- surface modification --- hydrophilic --- polyamide --- gaseous plasma --- water contact angle --- XPS --- polyamide membranes --- magnetron sputtering --- TiO2 + AgO coatings --- low-pressure plasma --- plasma treatment --- polyaniline (PANI) --- conductive polymer --- plasma polymerization --- aniline --- atmospheric pressure plasma reactor (AP plasma reactor) --- in-situ iodine (I2) doping --- atmospheric pressure plasma --- filler --- polylactic acid --- polymer composite --- polyethylene --- corona discharge --- polyethylene glycol --- adhesion --- polymer --- biomedical applications --- additive manufacturing --- toluidine blue method --- enzymatic degradation --- microwave discharge --- discharges in liquids --- microwave discharge in liquid hydrocarbons --- methods of generation --- plasma properties --- gas products --- solid products --- plasma diagnostics --- plasma modeling --- room temperature growth --- porous polythiophene --- conducting polymer --- NO2 --- gas sensors --- ion beam sputtering --- continuum equation --- plasma --- sublimation --- PA6.6 --- cold plasma --- electrical discharges --- voltage multiplier --- polymers --- oleofobization --- paper --- cellulose --- HMDSO --- atmospheric-pressure plasma --- solution plasma --- polymer films --- nanoparticles --- surface wettability --- graphene oxide --- cyclic olefin copolymer --- GO reduction --- titanium (Ti) alloys --- low-temperature plasma polymerization --- plasma-fluorocarbon-polymer --- anti-adhesive surface --- inflammatory/immunological response --- intramuscularly implantation --- atmospheric pressure plasma jet --- dielectric barrier discharge --- piezoelectric direct discharge --- surface free energy --- test ink --- surface activation --- allyl-substituted cyclic carbonate --- free-radical polymerization --- plasma process --- plasma polymerisation --- plasma deposition --- poly(lactic acid) --- PLA --- ascorbic acid --- fumaric acid --- grafting --- wettability --- BOPP foil --- DCSBD --- VDBD --- ageing --- surface functionalization --- atmospheric pressure plasmas --- glow-like discharge --- single pin electrode --- PANI thin film
Choose an application
Polymerized nanoparticles and nanofibers can be prepared using various processes, such as chemical synthesis, the electrochemical method, electrospinning, ultrasonic irradiation, hard and soft templates, seeding polymerization, interfacial polymerization, and plasma polymerization. Among these processes, plasma polymerization and aerosol-through-plasma (A-T-P) processes have versatile advantages, especially due to them being “dry", for the deposition of plasma polymer films and carbon-based materials with functional properties suitable for a wide range of applications, such as electronic and optical devices, protective coatings, and biomedical materials. Furthermore, it is well known that plasma polymers are highly cross-linked, pinhole free, branched, insoluble, and adhere well to most substrates. In order to synthesize the polymer films using the plasma processes, therefore, it is very important to increase the density and electron temperature of plasma during plasma polymerization.
Technology: general issues --- Chemical engineering --- polytetrafluoroethylene --- fluorine depletion --- hydrogen plasma --- VUV radiation --- surface modification --- hydrophilic --- polyamide --- gaseous plasma --- water contact angle --- XPS --- polyamide membranes --- magnetron sputtering --- TiO2 + AgO coatings --- low-pressure plasma --- plasma treatment --- polyaniline (PANI) --- conductive polymer --- plasma polymerization --- aniline --- atmospheric pressure plasma reactor (AP plasma reactor) --- in-situ iodine (I2) doping --- atmospheric pressure plasma --- filler --- polylactic acid --- polymer composite --- polyethylene --- corona discharge --- polyethylene glycol --- adhesion --- polymer --- biomedical applications --- additive manufacturing --- toluidine blue method --- enzymatic degradation --- microwave discharge --- discharges in liquids --- microwave discharge in liquid hydrocarbons --- methods of generation --- plasma properties --- gas products --- solid products --- plasma diagnostics --- plasma modeling --- room temperature growth --- porous polythiophene --- conducting polymer --- NO2 --- gas sensors --- ion beam sputtering --- continuum equation --- plasma --- sublimation --- PA6.6 --- cold plasma --- electrical discharges --- voltage multiplier --- polymers --- oleofobization --- paper --- cellulose --- HMDSO --- atmospheric-pressure plasma --- solution plasma --- polymer films --- nanoparticles --- surface wettability --- graphene oxide --- cyclic olefin copolymer --- GO reduction --- titanium (Ti) alloys --- low-temperature plasma polymerization --- plasma-fluorocarbon-polymer --- anti-adhesive surface --- inflammatory/immunological response --- intramuscularly implantation --- atmospheric pressure plasma jet --- dielectric barrier discharge --- piezoelectric direct discharge --- surface free energy --- test ink --- surface activation --- allyl-substituted cyclic carbonate --- free-radical polymerization --- plasma process --- plasma polymerisation --- plasma deposition --- poly(lactic acid) --- PLA --- ascorbic acid --- fumaric acid --- grafting --- wettability --- BOPP foil --- DCSBD --- VDBD --- ageing --- surface functionalization --- atmospheric pressure plasmas --- glow-like discharge --- single pin electrode --- PANI thin film
Choose an application
Polymerized nanoparticles and nanofibers can be prepared using various processes, such as chemical synthesis, the electrochemical method, electrospinning, ultrasonic irradiation, hard and soft templates, seeding polymerization, interfacial polymerization, and plasma polymerization. Among these processes, plasma polymerization and aerosol-through-plasma (A-T-P) processes have versatile advantages, especially due to them being “dry", for the deposition of plasma polymer films and carbon-based materials with functional properties suitable for a wide range of applications, such as electronic and optical devices, protective coatings, and biomedical materials. Furthermore, it is well known that plasma polymers are highly cross-linked, pinhole free, branched, insoluble, and adhere well to most substrates. In order to synthesize the polymer films using the plasma processes, therefore, it is very important to increase the density and electron temperature of plasma during plasma polymerization.
polytetrafluoroethylene --- fluorine depletion --- hydrogen plasma --- VUV radiation --- surface modification --- hydrophilic --- polyamide --- gaseous plasma --- water contact angle --- XPS --- polyamide membranes --- magnetron sputtering --- TiO2 + AgO coatings --- low-pressure plasma --- plasma treatment --- polyaniline (PANI) --- conductive polymer --- plasma polymerization --- aniline --- atmospheric pressure plasma reactor (AP plasma reactor) --- in-situ iodine (I2) doping --- atmospheric pressure plasma --- filler --- polylactic acid --- polymer composite --- polyethylene --- corona discharge --- polyethylene glycol --- adhesion --- polymer --- biomedical applications --- additive manufacturing --- toluidine blue method --- enzymatic degradation --- microwave discharge --- discharges in liquids --- microwave discharge in liquid hydrocarbons --- methods of generation --- plasma properties --- gas products --- solid products --- plasma diagnostics --- plasma modeling --- room temperature growth --- porous polythiophene --- conducting polymer --- NO2 --- gas sensors --- ion beam sputtering --- continuum equation --- plasma --- sublimation --- PA6.6 --- cold plasma --- electrical discharges --- voltage multiplier --- polymers --- oleofobization --- paper --- cellulose --- HMDSO --- atmospheric-pressure plasma --- solution plasma --- polymer films --- nanoparticles --- surface wettability --- graphene oxide --- cyclic olefin copolymer --- GO reduction --- titanium (Ti) alloys --- low-temperature plasma polymerization --- plasma-fluorocarbon-polymer --- anti-adhesive surface --- inflammatory/immunological response --- intramuscularly implantation --- atmospheric pressure plasma jet --- dielectric barrier discharge --- piezoelectric direct discharge --- surface free energy --- test ink --- surface activation --- allyl-substituted cyclic carbonate --- free-radical polymerization --- plasma process --- plasma polymerisation --- plasma deposition --- poly(lactic acid) --- PLA --- ascorbic acid --- fumaric acid --- grafting --- wettability --- BOPP foil --- DCSBD --- VDBD --- ageing --- surface functionalization --- atmospheric pressure plasmas --- glow-like discharge --- single pin electrode --- PANI thin film
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