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Traditionally fatigue, fracture, damage mechanics are predictions are based on empirical curve fitting models based on experimental data. However, when entropy is used as the metric for degradation of the material, the modeling process becomes physics based rather than empirical modeling. Because, entropy generation in a material can be calculated from the fundamental equation of thematerial. This collection of manuscripts is about using entropy for "Fatigue, Fracture, Failure Prediction and Structural Health Monitoring". The theoretical paper in the collection provides the mathematical and physics framework behind the unified mechanics theory, which unifies universal laws of motion of Newton and laws of thermodynamics at ab-initio level. Unified Mechanics introduces an additional axis called, Thermodynamic State Index axis which is linearly independent from Newtonian space x, y, z and time. As a result, derivative of displacement with respect to entropy is not zero, in unified mechanics theory, as in Newtonian mechanics. Any material is treated as a thermodynamic system and fundamental equation of the material is derived. Fundamental equation defines entropy generation rate in the system. Experimental papers in the collection prove validity of using entropy as a stable metric for Fatigue, Fracture, Failure Prediction and Structural Health Monitoring.

fatigue --- system failure --- degradation analysis --- entropy generation --- stress strain --- plastic strain --- thermodynamics --- health monitoring --- copula entropy --- measure --- dependence --- multiple degradation processes --- physics of failure --- prognosis and health management --- entropy as damage --- acoustic emission --- information entropy --- thermodynamic entropy --- Jeffreys divergence --- MaxEnt distributions --- fatigue damage --- low-cycle fatigue --- satellite --- dynamic health evaluation --- fuzzy reasoning --- entropy increase rate --- creep strain --- damage mechanics --- metallic material --- mechanothermodynamics --- tribo-fatigue entropy --- wear-fatigue damage --- stress-strain state --- limiting state --- damage state --- dangerous volume --- interaction --- irreversible damage --- degradation-entropy generation theorem --- dual-phase steel --- fatigue crack growth rate --- spectrum loading --- entropy --- unified mechanics --- Ti-6Al-4V --- medium entropy alloy --- deformation twinning --- dislocation slip --- surface nano-crystallization --- shot peening --- n/a

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Traditionally fatigue, fracture, damage mechanics are predictions are based on empirical curve fitting models based on experimental data. However, when entropy is used as the metric for degradation of the material, the modeling process becomes physics based rather than empirical modeling. Because, entropy generation in a material can be calculated from the fundamental equation of thematerial. This collection of manuscripts is about using entropy for "Fatigue, Fracture, Failure Prediction and Structural Health Monitoring". The theoretical paper in the collection provides the mathematical and physics framework behind the unified mechanics theory, which unifies universal laws of motion of Newton and laws of thermodynamics at ab-initio level. Unified Mechanics introduces an additional axis called, Thermodynamic State Index axis which is linearly independent from Newtonian space x, y, z and time. As a result, derivative of displacement with respect to entropy is not zero, in unified mechanics theory, as in Newtonian mechanics. Any material is treated as a thermodynamic system and fundamental equation of the material is derived. Fundamental equation defines entropy generation rate in the system. Experimental papers in the collection prove validity of using entropy as a stable metric for Fatigue, Fracture, Failure Prediction and Structural Health Monitoring.

History of engineering & technology --- fatigue --- system failure --- degradation analysis --- entropy generation --- stress strain --- plastic strain --- thermodynamics --- health monitoring --- copula entropy --- measure --- dependence --- multiple degradation processes --- physics of failure --- prognosis and health management --- entropy as damage --- acoustic emission --- information entropy --- thermodynamic entropy --- Jeffreys divergence --- MaxEnt distributions --- fatigue damage --- low-cycle fatigue --- satellite --- dynamic health evaluation --- fuzzy reasoning --- entropy increase rate --- creep strain --- damage mechanics --- metallic material --- mechanothermodynamics --- tribo-fatigue entropy --- wear-fatigue damage --- stress-strain state --- limiting state --- damage state --- dangerous volume --- interaction --- irreversible damage --- degradation-entropy generation theorem --- dual-phase steel --- fatigue crack growth rate --- spectrum loading --- entropy --- unified mechanics --- Ti-6Al-4V --- medium entropy alloy --- deformation twinning --- dislocation slip --- surface nano-crystallization --- shot peening --- fatigue --- system failure --- degradation analysis --- entropy generation --- stress strain --- plastic strain --- thermodynamics --- health monitoring --- copula entropy --- measure --- dependence --- multiple degradation processes --- physics of failure --- prognosis and health management --- entropy as damage --- acoustic emission --- information entropy --- thermodynamic entropy --- Jeffreys divergence --- MaxEnt distributions --- fatigue damage --- low-cycle fatigue --- satellite --- dynamic health evaluation --- fuzzy reasoning --- entropy increase rate --- creep strain --- damage mechanics --- metallic material --- mechanothermodynamics --- tribo-fatigue entropy --- wear-fatigue damage --- stress-strain state --- limiting state --- damage state --- dangerous volume --- interaction --- irreversible damage --- degradation-entropy generation theorem --- dual-phase steel --- fatigue crack growth rate --- spectrum loading --- entropy --- unified mechanics --- Ti-6Al-4V --- medium entropy alloy --- deformation twinning --- dislocation slip --- surface nano-crystallization --- shot peening

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By the late 1940s, and since then, the continuous development of dislocation theories have provided the basis for correlating the macroscopic time-dependent deformation of metals and alloys—known as creep—to the time-dependent processes taking place within the metals and alloys. High-temperature deformation and stress relaxation effects have also been explained and modeled on similar bases. The knowledge of high-temperature deformation as well as its modeling in conventional or unconventional situations is becoming clearer year by year, with new contemporary and better performing high-temperature materials being constantly produced and investigated.This book includes recent contributions covering relevant topics and materials in the field in an innovative way. In the first section, contributions are related to the general description of creep deformation, damage, and ductility, while in the second section, innovative testing techniques of creep deformation are presented. The third section deals with creep in the presence of complex loading/temperature changes and environmental effects, while the last section focuses on material microstructure–creep correlations for specific material classes. The quality and potential of specific materials and microstructures, testing conditions, and modeling as addressed by specific contributions will surely inspire scientists and technicians in their own innovative approaches and studies on creep and high-temperature deformation.

Larson–Miller parameter --- n/a --- visualization --- bond coat --- hydrogen --- poly-crystal --- Gibbs free energy principle --- constitutive equations --- creep damage --- DFT --- finite element method --- austenitic stainless steel --- strain rate sensitivity --- MCrAlY --- excess volume --- superalloy --- scanning electron microscopy --- creep buckling --- dislocation dynamics --- creep --- elevated temperature --- modelling --- size effect --- residual stress --- superalloy VAT 32 --- water vapor --- activation energy --- small angle neutron scattering --- superalloy VAT 36 --- metallic glass --- iron aluminides --- Gr.91 --- internal stress --- relaxation fatigue --- multiaxiality --- creep grain boundary --- grain boundary cavitation --- cavitation --- solute atom --- stress exponent --- external pressure --- P92 --- TMA --- low cycle fatigue --- nanoindentation --- high temperature --- FEM --- intrinsic ductility --- normalizing --- creep ductility --- creep rupture mechanism --- microstructural features --- simulate HAZ --- P92 steel --- glide --- ferritic–martensitic steel --- creep rupture --- cyclic softening

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The demands on innovative materials given by the ever-increasing requirements of contemporary industry require the use of high-performance engineering materials. The properties of materials and alloys are a result of their structures, which can primarily be affected by the preparation/production process. However, the production of materials featuring high levels of the required properties without the necessity to use costly alloying elements or time- and money-demanding heat treatment technologies typically used to enhance the mechanical properties of metallic materials (especially specific strength) still remains a challenge. The introduction of thermomechanical treatment represented a breakthrough in grain refinement, consequently leading to significant improvement of the mechanical properties of metallic materials. Contrary to conventional production technologies, the main advantage of such treatment is the possibility to precisely control structural phenomena that affect the final mechanical and utility properties. Thermomechanical treatment can only decrease the grain size to the scale of microns. However, further research devoted to pushing materials’ performance beyond the limits led to the introduction of severe plastic deformation (SPD) methods providing producers with the ability to acquire ultra-fine-grained and nanoscaled metallic materials with superior mechanical properties. SPD methods can be performed with the help of conventional forming equipment; however, many newly designed processes have also been introduced.

History of engineering & technology --- crack nucleation --- fatigue --- plastic deformation --- surface topography --- high-entropy alloy --- powder metallurgy --- microstructure --- spring steel --- heat treatment --- retained austenite --- Mössbauer spectroscopy --- neutron diffraction --- tungsten heavy alloy --- rotary swaging --- finite element analysis --- deformation behaviour --- residual stress --- austenitic steel 08Ch18N10T --- cyclic plasticity --- cyclic hardening --- experiments --- finite element method --- low-cycle fatigue --- tungsten --- dislocations --- microstrain --- twist channel angular pressing --- severe plastic deformation --- mechanical properties --- disintegrator --- microscopy --- wear --- high energy milling --- cement --- sintering --- quenching --- abrasive waterjet --- machining --- traverse speed --- material structure --- material properties --- cutting force --- deformation force --- clad composite --- effective strain --- heat-resistant steel --- cast steel --- microalloying --- strengthening mechanism --- abrasive water jet cutting --- surface roughness --- hardness --- tensile strength --- functional properties --- metallic systems --- mechanical processing --- structural phenomena

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Additive manufacturing (AM) is continuously improving and offering innovative alternatives to conventional manufacturing techniques. The advantages of AM (design freedom, reduction in material waste, low-cost prototyping, etc.) can be exploited in different sectors by replacing or complementing traditional manufacturing methods. For this to happen, the combination of design, materials and technology must be deeply analyzed for every specific application. Despite the continuous progress of AM, there is still a need for further investigation in terms of design and applications to boost AM's implementation in the manufacturing industry or even in other sectors where short and personalized series productions could be useful, such as the medical sector. This Special Issue gathers a variety of research articles (12 peer-reviewed papers) involving the design and application of AM, including innovative design approaches where AM is applied to improve conventional methods or currently used techniques, design and modeling methodologies for specific AM applications, design optimization and new methods for the quality control and calibration of simulation methods.

4D printing --- material extrusion --- shape changing behavior --- shape memory polymers --- print pattern --- infill density --- polylactic acid --- SLM --- defocusing --- IN 625 --- melt pool --- tensile testing --- density --- selective laser melting --- powder spreading defect --- machine vision --- classifier --- finite element thermal analysis --- model calibration --- thermographic image --- bead on plate test --- Bayesian optimization --- nickel-based superalloy --- tissue engineering --- scaffold --- material extrusion additive manufacturing --- 3D geometry modelling --- finite element analysis --- mechanical properties --- additive manufacturing --- closed impeller --- MPFL pumps --- balancing --- non-destructive testing --- triply periodic minimal surface --- 316 L stainless steel --- energy absorption --- deformation mechanism --- flexible pressure sensor --- microstructure --- 3D printing --- composite film --- stress shielding --- total hip replacement --- femoral component --- lattice --- 3d printing --- aseptic loosening --- bone remodelling --- internal structures --- biomimicry --- 15-5 PH stainless steel --- in-situ neutron diffraction --- low-cycle fatigue --- martensite transformation --- structural joints --- aging --- ABS --- PETG --- PLA --- aluminum --- polymer rheology --- thermal joining --- topological optimization --- hybrid technology --- investment casting --- n/a