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"As debate rages over the widening and destructive gap between the rich and the rest of Americans, Claude Fischer and his colleagues present a comprehensive new treatment of inequality in America. They challenge arguments that expanding inequality is the natural, perhaps necessary, accompaniment of economic growth. They refute the claims of the incendiary bestseller The Bell Curve (1994) through a clear, rigorous re-analysis of the very data its authors, Richard Herrnstein and Charles Murray, used to contend that inherited differences in intelligence explain inequality. Inequality by Design offers a powerful alternative explanation, stressing that economic fortune depends more on social circumstances than on IQ, which is itself a product of society. More critical yet, patterns of inequality must be explained by looking beyond the attributes of individuals to the structure of society. Social policies set the "rules of the game" within which individual abilities and efforts matter. And recent policies have, on the whole, widened the gap between the rich and the rest of Americans since the 1970s." "Not only does the wealth of individuals' parents shape their chances for a good life, so do national policies ranging from labor laws to investments in education to tax deductions. The authors explore the ways that America - the most economically unequal society in the industrialized world - unevenly distributes rewards through regulation of the market, taxes, and government spending. It attacks the myth that inequality fosters economic growth, that reducing economic inequality requires enormous welfare expenditures, and that there is little we can do to alter the extent of inequality. It also attacks the injurious myth of innate racial inequality, presenting powerful evidence that racial differences in achievement are the consequences, not the causes, of social inequality. By refusing to blame inequality on an unchangeable human nature and an inexorable market - an excuse that leads to resignation and passivity - Inequality by Design shows how we can advance policies that widen opportunity for all."--BOOK JACKET.

Égalité --- --Justice --- --États-Unis --- --Intellect --- Nature and nurture --- Intelligence levels --- Educational psychology --- Social aspects --- Herrnstein, Richard J --- Educational psychology. --- Intellect. --- Nature and nurture. --- Hulpwetenschappen --- sociologie --- #SBIB:316.334.1O410 --- #SBIB:316.8H15 --- 316.34 --- 316.44 --- US / United States of America - USA - Verenigde Staten - Etats Unis --- 311.98 --- 313 --- 339.21 --- 202 --- 159.9 --- onderwijs --- psychologie --- sociale ongelijkheid --- Leergedrag: cognitief gedrag, studieresultaten: algemeen --- Welzijns- en sociale problemen: sociale ongelijkheid en armoede --- Sociale differentiatie. Sociale typologie. Sociale stratificatie --- Sociale mobiliteit. Sociale differentiatie --- Bevolking naar de maatschappelijke klasse en stand. Wet van Pareto. --- Levenswijze en levensstandaard. Levensminimum. sociale indicatoren (Studiën). --- Ongelijkheid en herverdeling van vermogens en inkomens. Inkomensbeleid. --- Sociale organisatie. --- Psychologie --- sociologie. --- 316.44 Sociale mobiliteit. Sociale differentiatie --- 316.34 Sociale differentiatie. Sociale typologie. Sociale stratificatie --- Intellect --- Environment --- Genetics and environment --- Heredity and environment --- Nature --- Nature versus nurture --- Nurture and nature --- Genetics --- Heredity --- Human beings --- Intelligence quotient --- IQ (Intelligence quotient) --- Human intelligence --- Intelligence --- Mind --- Ability --- Psychology --- Thought and thinking --- Education --- Psychology, Educational --- Child psychology --- Sociale organisatie --- Bevolking naar de maatschappelijke klasse en stand. Wet van Pareto --- Levenswijze en levensstandaard. Levensminimum. sociale indicatoren (Studiën) --- Ongelijkheid en herverdeling van vermogens en inkomens. Inkomensbeleid --- Nurture --- Effect of environment on --- Herrnstein, Richard J. --- Bane, Mary Jo. --- Coleman Report. --- Depression. --- Jencks, Christopher. --- Korenman, Sanders. --- Microsoft Corporation. --- Phillips, Kevin. --- Winship, Christopher. --- adult community environment. --- agricultural subsidies. --- corporate welfare. --- economic success. --- exercise, mental. --- farm subsidies. --- health expenditures. --- incarceration. --- information chunking. --- intelligence. --- logistic regressions. --- oppositional culture. --- plant relocations. --- practical intelligence. --- regression analyses. --- school composition. --- school segregation. --- tracking. --- validity. --- weighing. --- Environment and genetics --- Environment and heredity --- SOCIAL SCIENCE / Methodology.