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Electromagnetism plays a crucial role in basic and applied physics research. The discovery of electromagnetism as the unifying theory for electricity and magnetism represents a cornerstone in modern physics. Symmetry was crucial to the concept of unification: electromagnetism was soon formulated as a gauge theory in which local phase symmetry explained its mathematical formulation. This early connection between symmetry and electromagnetism shows that a symmetry-based approach to many electromagnetic phenomena is recurrent, even today. Moreover, many recent technological advances are based on the control of electromagnetic radiation in nearly all its spectra and scales, the manipulation of matter–radiation interactions with unprecedented levels of sophistication, or new generations of electromagnetic materials. This is a fertile field for applications and for basic understanding in which symmetry, as in the past, bridges apparently unrelated phenomena―from condensed matter to high-energy physics. In this book, we present modern contributions in which symmetry proves its value as a key tool. From dual-symmetry electrodynamics to applications to sustainable smart buildings, or magnetocardiography, we can find a plentiful crop, full of exciting examples of modern approaches to electromagnetism. In all cases, symmetry sheds light on the theoretical and applied works presented in this book.

History of engineering & technology --- electromagnetic knots --- helicity --- spin-orbital momentum --- magnetocardiography --- quadratic penalty --- variational mode decomposition --- correlation coefficient --- interval thresholding method --- periodic structures --- dispersion diagram --- high-order coupling --- glide symmetry --- smart building --- harmonics --- geometric algebra --- Poynting Multivector --- electric-magnetic duality symmetry --- quantum anomalies --- optical helicity --- electromagnetic polarization --- particle creation --- Maxwell theory --- constraint equations --- evolutionary equations --- Barium hexaferrite --- titanium --- hysteresis --- X-ray diffraction --- permanent magnet applications --- n/a --- hopfion --- Bateman construction --- null fields --- magnetic levitation --- electrodynamic structure --- ground high speed system --- finite element analysis --- non-local action --- electrodynamics --- electromagnetic duality symmetry --- Aharonov-Bohm effect --- Harvesting --- low-power applications --- vibration --- micro-generator --- optimal solution --- magnetic circuit --- periodical structure --- effective power density --- symmetry

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Electromagnetism plays a crucial role in basic and applied physics research. The discovery of electromagnetism as the unifying theory for electricity and magnetism represents a cornerstone in modern physics. Symmetry was crucial to the concept of unification: electromagnetism was soon formulated as a gauge theory in which local phase symmetry explained its mathematical formulation. This early connection between symmetry and electromagnetism shows that a symmetry-based approach to many electromagnetic phenomena is recurrent, even today. Moreover, many recent technological advances are based on the control of electromagnetic radiation in nearly all its spectra and scales, the manipulation of matter–radiation interactions with unprecedented levels of sophistication, or new generations of electromagnetic materials. This is a fertile field for applications and for basic understanding in which symmetry, as in the past, bridges apparently unrelated phenomena―from condensed matter to high-energy physics. In this book, we present modern contributions in which symmetry proves its value as a key tool. From dual-symmetry electrodynamics to applications to sustainable smart buildings, or magnetocardiography, we can find a plentiful crop, full of exciting examples of modern approaches to electromagnetism. In all cases, symmetry sheds light on the theoretical and applied works presented in this book.

History of engineering & technology --- electromagnetic knots --- helicity --- spin-orbital momentum --- magnetocardiography --- quadratic penalty --- variational mode decomposition --- correlation coefficient --- interval thresholding method --- periodic structures --- dispersion diagram --- high-order coupling --- glide symmetry --- smart building --- harmonics --- geometric algebra --- Poynting Multivector --- electric-magnetic duality symmetry --- quantum anomalies --- optical helicity --- electromagnetic polarization --- particle creation --- Maxwell theory --- constraint equations --- evolutionary equations --- Barium hexaferrite --- titanium --- hysteresis --- X-ray diffraction --- permanent magnet applications --- hopfion --- Bateman construction --- null fields --- magnetic levitation --- electrodynamic structure --- ground high speed system --- finite element analysis --- non-local action --- electrodynamics --- electromagnetic duality symmetry --- Aharonov-Bohm effect --- Harvesting --- low-power applications --- vibration --- micro-generator --- optimal solution --- magnetic circuit --- periodical structure --- effective power density --- symmetry --- electromagnetic knots --- helicity --- spin-orbital momentum --- magnetocardiography --- quadratic penalty --- variational mode decomposition --- correlation coefficient --- interval thresholding method --- periodic structures --- dispersion diagram --- high-order coupling --- glide symmetry --- smart building --- harmonics --- geometric algebra --- Poynting Multivector --- electric-magnetic duality symmetry --- quantum anomalies --- optical helicity --- electromagnetic polarization --- particle creation --- Maxwell theory --- constraint equations --- evolutionary equations --- Barium hexaferrite --- titanium --- hysteresis --- X-ray diffraction --- permanent magnet applications --- hopfion --- Bateman construction --- null fields --- magnetic levitation --- electrodynamic structure --- ground high speed system --- finite element analysis --- non-local action --- electrodynamics --- electromagnetic duality symmetry --- Aharonov-Bohm effect --- Harvesting --- low-power applications --- vibration --- micro-generator --- optimal solution --- magnetic circuit --- periodical structure --- effective power density --- symmetry

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The electrical energy industry is undergoing dramatic changes: massive deployment of renewables, increasing share of DC networks at transmission and distribution levels, and at the same time, a continuing reduction in conventional synchronous generation, all contribute to a situation where a variety of technical and economic challenges emerge. As the society’s reliance on electrical power continues to increase as a result of international decarbonisation commitments, the need for secure and uninterrupted delivery of electrical energy to all customers has never been greater. Power system protection plays an important enabling role in future decarbonized energy systems. This book includes ten papers covering a wide range of topics related to protection system problems and solutions, such as adaptive protection, protection of HVDC and LVDC systems, unconventional or enhanced protection methods, protection of superconducting transmission cables, and high voltage lightning protection. This volume has been edited by Adam Dyśko, Senior Lecturer at the University of Strathclyde, UK, and Dimitrios Tzelepis, Research Fellow at the University of Strathclyde.

Technology: general issues --- History of engineering & technology --- decentralized protection scheme --- fault analysis --- low voltage direct current grids --- plug-and-play systems --- solid-state circuit breakers --- DC grids --- fault protection --- local detection --- local action --- DC circuit breaker --- AC microgrid --- adaptive protection --- IEC 61850 GOOSE protocol --- substation automation --- adaptive auto-reclosing --- power system protection --- EV transmission lines --- transient fault --- Hilbert–Huang transform --- microgrid --- distributed generation --- inverse-time over-current protection --- coordination optimization --- superconducting cable --- quench --- high temperature --- coppers stabilizer --- superconducting tape --- fault current limiting feature --- power generation-side --- multi-information fusion --- hierarchical protection system --- system layer --- station layer --- local layer --- wavelet entropy --- transient component --- MMC-HVDC --- protection --- building integrated photovoltaic (BIPV) --- lightning attachment characteristics --- lightning energy withstand capability --- numerical and experimental analysis --- ±230 kV MMC-HVDC --- zero-crossing DCCB --- DC transmission line --- fault current --- hybrid DCCB --- bidirectional DCCB --- external elements --- energy dissipation --- n/a --- Hilbert-Huang transform

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The enormous contribution of agricultural cooperative societies to the rural world has not gone unnoticed. This is corroborated by many international entities. The International Cooperative Alliance estimates that 12% of the world's population is linked to one of the 3 million cooperatives that exist worldwide. Therefore, cooperative societies are not a marginal phenomenon. In relation to the role played by agricultural cooperatives in the world, it should be said that the agricultural cooperative is an enterprise unconditionally and stably linked to the rural environment, to the farmer and the stockbreeder. For this reason, it plays a leading role in the local economy and in the fixation of the population to the territory, thus contributing to the balance and management of the territory, which makes them true agents of rural development. On the other hand, cooperative societies have been the guarantors of the structuring of agriculture in rural areas in many countries. These organizations constitute the main structured, organized, professionalized and stable network established throughout the territory, in contact with the rural environment, with the capacity to communicate with and influence farmers and stockbreeders. They directly or indirectly provide much of the employment in the rural world and cooperative societies by nature develop their activity under cooperative principles and values that make them exponents of socially responsible enterprises and, therefore, are the key to sustainable development, as promulgated by the United Nations through the SDGs.

agroindustrial --- agricultural cooperative --- technology adoption --- technology and competitiveness --- information and communication technology --- digital transformation --- agri-food cooperatives --- co-operative creation policy --- contingent valuation --- reasoned action approach --- Kazakhstan --- COVID-19 --- self-identity --- agricultural non-economic function perception --- agricultural economic function perception --- land-responsibility behaviour intention --- Facebook --- cooperatives --- beekeeping --- fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis --- agricultural markets --- generalized propensity score --- cooperative organizations --- small-scale farm --- cooperation --- contractual integration --- willingness to cooperate --- farm profile --- Lithuanian case --- agricultural producer organizations --- rural women’s circles --- local action groups --- mergers --- failure --- integration --- approval --- negotiations --- social and solidarity economy --- evolutionary approach --- territorial-driven approach --- agricultural cooperatives --- technical efficiency --- dairy processing sector --- sustainability --- milk production capacity --- supply chain --- data envelopment analysis --- n/a --- rural women's circles

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The electrical energy industry is undergoing dramatic changes: massive deployment of renewables, increasing share of DC networks at transmission and distribution levels, and at the same time, a continuing reduction in conventional synchronous generation, all contribute to a situation where a variety of technical and economic challenges emerge. As the society’s reliance on electrical power continues to increase as a result of international decarbonisation commitments, the need for secure and uninterrupted delivery of electrical energy to all customers has never been greater. Power system protection plays an important enabling role in future decarbonized energy systems. This book includes ten papers covering a wide range of topics related to protection system problems and solutions, such as adaptive protection, protection of HVDC and LVDC systems, unconventional or enhanced protection methods, protection of superconducting transmission cables, and high voltage lightning protection. This volume has been edited by Adam Dyśko, Senior Lecturer at the University of Strathclyde, UK, and Dimitrios Tzelepis, Research Fellow at the University of Strathclyde.

Technology: general issues --- History of engineering & technology --- decentralized protection scheme --- fault analysis --- low voltage direct current grids --- plug-and-play systems --- solid-state circuit breakers --- DC grids --- fault protection --- local detection --- local action --- DC circuit breaker --- AC microgrid --- adaptive protection --- IEC 61850 GOOSE protocol --- substation automation --- adaptive auto-reclosing --- power system protection --- EV transmission lines --- transient fault --- Hilbert-Huang transform --- microgrid --- distributed generation --- inverse-time over-current protection --- coordination optimization --- superconducting cable --- quench --- high temperature --- coppers stabilizer --- superconducting tape --- fault current limiting feature --- power generation-side --- multi-information fusion --- hierarchical protection system --- system layer --- station layer --- local layer --- wavelet entropy --- transient component --- MMC-HVDC --- protection --- building integrated photovoltaic (BIPV) --- lightning attachment characteristics --- lightning energy withstand capability --- numerical and experimental analysis --- ±230 kV MMC-HVDC --- zero-crossing DCCB --- DC transmission line --- fault current --- hybrid DCCB --- bidirectional DCCB --- external elements --- energy dissipation --- decentralized protection scheme --- fault analysis --- low voltage direct current grids --- plug-and-play systems --- solid-state circuit breakers --- DC grids --- fault protection --- local detection --- local action --- DC circuit breaker --- AC microgrid --- adaptive protection --- IEC 61850 GOOSE protocol --- substation automation --- adaptive auto-reclosing --- power system protection --- EV transmission lines --- transient fault --- Hilbert-Huang transform --- microgrid --- distributed generation --- inverse-time over-current protection --- coordination optimization --- superconducting cable --- quench --- high temperature --- coppers stabilizer --- superconducting tape --- fault current limiting feature --- power generation-side --- multi-information fusion --- hierarchical protection system --- system layer --- station layer --- local layer --- wavelet entropy --- transient component --- MMC-HVDC --- protection --- building integrated photovoltaic (BIPV) --- lightning attachment characteristics --- lightning energy withstand capability --- numerical and experimental analysis --- ±230 kV MMC-HVDC --- zero-crossing DCCB --- DC transmission line --- fault current --- hybrid DCCB --- bidirectional DCCB --- external elements --- energy dissipation