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Livestock systems globally are changing rapidly in response to human population growth, urbanization, and growing incomes. This paper discusses the linkages between burgeoning demand for livestock products, growth in livestock production, and the impacts this may have on natural resources, and how these may both affect and be affected by climate change in the coming decades. Water and land scarcity will increasingly have the potential to constrain food production growth, with adverse impacts on food security and human well-being. Climate change will exacerbate many of these trends, with direct effects on agricultural yields, water availability, and production risk. In the transition to a carbon-constrained economy, livestock systems will have a key role to play in mitigating future emissions. At the same time, appropriate pricing of greenhouse gas emissions will modify livestock production costs and patterns. Health and ethical considerations can also be expected to play an increasing role in modifying consumption patterns of livestock products, particularly in more developed countries. Livestock systems are heterogeneous, and a highly differentiated approach needs to be taken to assessing impacts and options, particularly as they affect the resource-poor and those vulnerable to global change. Development of comprehensive frameworks that can be used for assessing impacts and analyzing trade-offs at both local and regional levels is needed for identifying and targeting production practices and policies that are locally appropriate and can contribute to environmental sustainability, poverty alleviation, and economic development.

Agricultural Knowledge & Information Systems --- Agriculture --- Biodiversity --- Cattle --- Environment --- Food --- Food security --- Goats --- Grazing --- Livestock --- Livestock & Animal Husbandry --- Livestock production --- Livestock production costs --- Livestock products --- Livestock research --- Livestock systems --- Meat --- Meat consumption --- Milk --- Pigs --- Poultry --- Poverty alleviation --- Rangeland --- Rural Development --- Rural Development Knowledge & Information Systems --- Sheep --- Water Resources --- Wetlands --- Wildlife Resources

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The authors explore how Latin American livestock farmers adapt to climate by switching species. They develop a multinomial choice model of farmer's choice of livestock species. Estimating the models across over 1,200 livestock farmers in seven countries, they find that both temperature and precipitation affect the species Latin American farmers choose. The authors then use this model to predict how future climate scenarios would affect species choice. Global warming will cause farmers to switch to beef cattle at the expense of dairy cattle.

Agriculture --- Animal --- Animals --- Beef --- Beef Cattle --- Chickens --- Climate Change --- Communities & Human Settlements --- Dairy --- Dairy Cattle --- Environment --- Farm --- Farmer --- Feed --- Goats --- Livestock --- Livestock and Animal Husbandry --- Livestock Farmers --- Livestock Income --- Livestock Production --- Livestock Products --- Livestock Sector --- Livestock Species --- Peri-Urban Communities --- Pigs --- Rural Development --- Rural Urban Linkages --- Sheep --- Urban Development --- Wildlife Resources

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breeding and feeding animals --- food technology --- fish farming --- processing of livestock products --- Agricultural processing --- Animal breeding --- Animal feeding --- Livestock --- Fish culture --- Animals --- Domestic animals --- Feeding --- Feeding, Animal --- Feeding of animals --- Feeds --- Breeding --- Crops --- Farm produce --- Processing, Agricultural --- Agricultural engineering --- Artificial propagation of fishes --- Culture, Fish --- Farming, Fish --- Fish aquaculture --- Fish farming --- Fish husbandry --- Fish rearing --- Fishes --- Pisciculture --- Rearing of fishes --- Animal culture --- Aquaculture --- Feeding and feeds --- Processing --- Culture --- Farming --- Husbandry --- Rearing --- Produits agricoles --- Traitement --- Agricultural processing. --- Animal breeding. --- Animal feeding. --- Fish culture. --- Livestock. --- Animal husbandry --- Farm animals --- Live stock --- Stock and stock-breeding --- Stock (Animals) --- Agriculture --- Animal industry --- Food animals --- Herders --- Range management --- Rangelands

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Animal culture --- Livestock --- Domestic animals --- Zoology --- Animal industry --- Animal culture. --- Animal industry. --- Domestic animals. --- Livestock. --- Zoology. --- livestock and poultry --- domestic animals --- farmed animal species --- beefaloes --- buffaloes --- camels --- cattle --- mithuns --- monogastric livestock --- range livestock --- small ruminants --- yaks --- zebu --- livestock and meat industry --- livestock breeding --- livestock diseases --- livestock exhibitions --- livestock farming --- livestock feeding --- livestock housing --- livestock husbandry --- livestock nutrition --- livestock prices --- livestock productivity --- livestock products --- livestock transport --- ranching --- Animal products industry --- Livestock industry --- Agricultural industries --- Animal husbandry --- Barnyard animals --- Beasts --- Domesticated animals --- Farm animals --- Animals --- Zoology, Economic --- Domestication --- Feral animals --- Husbandry, Animal --- Biology --- Natural history --- Live stock --- Stock and stock-breeding --- Stock (Animals) --- Agriculture --- Food animals --- Herders --- Range management --- Rangelands --- animal biology --- zoological research --- zoological science --- Animal Science and Animal Products --- Biological Sciences --- acarology --- animal anatomy --- animal behavior --- animal exploration and collection --- animal genetics --- animal physiology --- animal taxonomy --- entomology --- herpetology --- ichthyology --- malacology --- mammalogy --- nematology --- ornithology --- paleozoology --- animals --- zoologists --- livestock --- pets --- domestication --- semi-domestic animals --- Poland. --- 1939-1945 --- A' Phòlainn --- An Pholainn --- Borandi --- Bu̇gėdė Naĭramdakha Polʹsho Ulas --- Būland --- Būlūniy --- Bupolska --- Bupoolo --- Commonwealth of Poland --- Congress Kingdom of Poland --- Congress Poland --- Crown of the Kingdom of Poland and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania --- Gweriniaeth Gwlad Pwyl --- Gwlad Pwyl --- IPoland --- IPolandi --- Kingdom of Poland --- Kongresówka --- Królestwo Kongresowe Polskie --- Królestwo Polskie --- Kunngiitsuuffik Poleni --- Lahistān --- Lehastan --- Lehastani Hanrapetutʻyun --- Lengyel Köztársaság --- Lengyelország --- Lenkija --- Lenkijos Respublika --- Lýðveldið Pólland --- P.N.R. --- P.R.L. --- Pho-lân --- Pho-lân Kiōng-hô-kok --- Pholainn --- Pholynn --- PNR --- Pô-làn --- Poalen --- Pobblaght ny Polynn --- Poblachd na Pòlainn --- Poblacht na Polainne --- Poin --- Polaki --- Polaland --- Poland --- Polandia --- Pōlani --- Pole --- Polen --- Poleni --- Polija --- Polijas Republika --- Polin --- Polisce Cynewise --- Polish Commonwealth --- Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth --- Polish People's Republic --- Polish Republic --- Poljska --- Pólland --- Pollando --- P'olland --- Pologne --- Polóña --- Poloni --- Polonia --- Poloniako Errepublika --- Polonie --- Polonya --- Polonyah --- Polonye --- Poloonya --- Polòy --- Polşa --- Polşa Respublikası --- Polsca --- Polʹsha --- Polʹsha Mastor --- Polʹshæ --- Polʹshæĭy Respublikæ --- Polʹshcha --- Polsh --- Polʹshin Orn --- Polʹsho --- Polska --- Polská republika --- Polska Rzeczpospolita Ludowa --- Polʹskai͡a Narodnai͡a Respublika --- Polskas --- Polsko --- Pòlskô Repùblika --- Pol'šu --- Poola --- Poola Vabariik --- Poyln --- Ppolsŭkka --- PRL --- Pulandia --- Pulógna --- Puluña --- Puoleja --- Puolejis Republika --- Repubblica di Polonia --- Republic of Poland --- República de Polonia --- Republica de Polsca --- Republiek van Pole --- Republik Pole --- Republik Polen --- Republika Poljska --- Republika Polsha --- Republiḳat Polin --- Republikken Polen --- République de Pologne --- République populaire de Pologne --- Repúbrica de Poloña --- Rėspublika Polʹshcha --- Respubliko Pollando --- Ripablik kya Bupoolo --- Ripublik Pulandia --- Ripublika Puluña --- Rzeczpospolita Polska --- Tavakuairetã Polóña --- T͡Sarstvo Polʹskoe --- Warsaw (Duchy) --- Yn Pholynn --- Europe --- Animaux domestiques --- Zoologie --- Industrie animale --- zoology