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This colligated Special Issue of Pharmaceutics on Precision Medicine: Applied Concepts of Pharmacogenomics in Patients with Various Diseases and Polypharmacy offers to the reader a series of articles that describe the concept of Precision Medicine, discuss its implementation process and limitations, demonstrate its value by illustrating some clinical cases, and open the door to new and more sophisticated techniques and applications.

Medicine --- Clinical & internal medicine --- fibromyalgia (FM) --- myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) --- microRNA --- miRNome --- pharmacogenomics --- pharmacoepigenomics --- SM2miR --- Pharmaco-miR --- repoDB --- ME/CFS Common Data Elements (CDEs) --- dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase --- DPYD --- 5-fluorouracil --- fluoropyrimidine --- therapeutic drug monitoring --- orthotopic liver transplant --- busulfan --- glutathione S-transferase --- genetic polymorphism --- limited sampling strategy --- pharmacokinetics --- clinical pharmacogenetics --- pharmacogenetic testing --- adverse drug reactions --- genotype --- phenotype --- pharmacogene --- barriers to pharmacogenetics implementation --- Sub-Saharan Africa --- chronic low back pain (cLBP) --- genetics --- personalized treatment --- polymorphism --- CYP450 --- tacrolimus --- CYP3A5 --- liver transplant --- pharmacogenomic --- minority --- data collection --- drug --- biomarker --- pharmacogenetics --- pharmacogenetic test --- personalized medicine --- gene expression --- infliximab --- adalimumab --- ulcerative colitis --- Crohn disease --- inflammatory bowel disease --- n/a

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Liver Transplantation --- Gastroenterology --- Transplantation --- Liver --- Liver Transplantation. --- Foie --- Foie. --- Greffe (Chirurgie) --- Hépatologie. --- Chirurgie abdominale. --- Voies biliaires. --- Diseases --- Greffe --- Diseases. --- Transplantation. --- Hepatic transplantation --- Grafting, Liver --- Hepatic Transplantation --- Transplantation, Hepatic --- Transplantation, Liver --- Graftings, Liver --- Hepatic Transplantations --- Liver Grafting --- Liver Graftings --- Liver Transplantations --- Transplantations, Hepatic --- Transplantations, Liver --- transplantation --- Abdomen --- Biliary tract --- Hépatologie. --- Liver Transplant --- Liver Transplants --- Transplant, Liver

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This colligated Special Issue of Pharmaceutics on Precision Medicine: Applied Concepts of Pharmacogenomics in Patients with Various Diseases and Polypharmacy offers to the reader a series of articles that describe the concept of Precision Medicine, discuss its implementation process and limitations, demonstrate its value by illustrating some clinical cases, and open the door to new and more sophisticated techniques and applications.

Medicine --- Clinical & internal medicine --- fibromyalgia (FM) --- myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) --- microRNA --- miRNome --- pharmacogenomics --- pharmacoepigenomics --- SM2miR --- Pharmaco-miR --- repoDB --- ME/CFS Common Data Elements (CDEs) --- dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase --- DPYD --- 5-fluorouracil --- fluoropyrimidine --- therapeutic drug monitoring --- orthotopic liver transplant --- busulfan --- glutathione S-transferase --- genetic polymorphism --- limited sampling strategy --- pharmacokinetics --- clinical pharmacogenetics --- pharmacogenetic testing --- adverse drug reactions --- genotype --- phenotype --- pharmacogene --- barriers to pharmacogenetics implementation --- Sub-Saharan Africa --- chronic low back pain (cLBP) --- genetics --- personalized treatment --- polymorphism --- CYP450 --- tacrolimus --- CYP3A5 --- liver transplant --- pharmacogenomic --- minority --- data collection --- drug --- biomarker --- pharmacogenetics --- pharmacogenetic test --- personalized medicine --- gene expression --- infliximab --- adalimumab --- ulcerative colitis --- Crohn disease --- inflammatory bowel disease --- fibromyalgia (FM) --- myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) --- microRNA --- miRNome --- pharmacogenomics --- pharmacoepigenomics --- SM2miR --- Pharmaco-miR --- repoDB --- ME/CFS Common Data Elements (CDEs) --- dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase --- DPYD --- 5-fluorouracil --- fluoropyrimidine --- therapeutic drug monitoring --- orthotopic liver transplant --- busulfan --- glutathione S-transferase --- genetic polymorphism --- limited sampling strategy --- pharmacokinetics --- clinical pharmacogenetics --- pharmacogenetic testing --- adverse drug reactions --- genotype --- phenotype --- pharmacogene --- barriers to pharmacogenetics implementation --- Sub-Saharan Africa --- chronic low back pain (cLBP) --- genetics --- personalized treatment --- polymorphism --- CYP450 --- tacrolimus --- CYP3A5 --- liver transplant --- pharmacogenomic --- minority --- data collection --- drug --- biomarker --- pharmacogenetics --- pharmacogenetic test --- personalized medicine --- gene expression --- infliximab --- adalimumab --- ulcerative colitis --- Crohn disease --- inflammatory bowel disease

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Liver --- Transplantation of organs, tissues, etc --- Liver Transplantation --- Mathematics --- Transplantation --- Mathematical models. --- Mathematic --- Grafting, Liver --- Hepatic Transplantation --- Liver Transplant --- Transplantation, Hepatic --- Transplantation, Liver --- Hepatic Transplantations --- Liver Grafting --- Liver Transplantations --- Liver Transplants --- Transplant, Liver --- Medical transplantation --- Organ transplantation --- Organ transplants --- Organs (Anatomy) --- Surgical transplantation --- Tissue transplantation --- Tissues --- Transplants, Organ --- Surgery --- Preservation of organs, tissues, etc. --- Procurement of organs, tissues, etc. --- Abdomen --- Biliary tract --- transplantation --- Transplant surgery --- Transplantation surgery

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Identification and development of cancer biomarkers and targets have greatly accelerated progress towards precision medicine in oncology. Studies of tumor biology have not only provided insights into the mechanisms underlying carcinogenesis, but also led to discovery of molecules that have been developed into cancer biomarkers and targets. Multi-platforms for molecular characterization of tumors using next-generation genomic sequencing, immunohistochemistry, in situ hybridization, and blood-based biopsies have greatly expanded the portfolio of potential biomarkers and targets. These cancer biomarkers have been developed for diagnosis, early detection, prognosis, and prediction of treatment response. The molecular targets have been exploited for anti-cancer therapy and delivery of therapeutic agents. This Special Issue of Biomedicines focuses on recent advances in the discovery, characterization, translation, and clinical application of cancer biomarkers and targets in malignant diseases of the digestive system. The goal is to stimulate basic and translational research and clinical collaboration in this exciting field with the hope of developing strategies for prevention and early detection/diagnosis of cancer in digestive organs, and improving therapeutic and psychosocial outcomes in patients with these malignant diseases.

n/a --- liver graft injury --- HFE --- neurokinin --- chemotherapy --- intestinal tumors --- therapeutic targets --- biliary tract carcinoma --- hepatocellular carcinoma --- clinical trial --- cell adhesion molecules --- colorectal cancer --- biomarkers --- phenotypic mosaics --- gastrointestinal oncology --- Asian Cancer Research Group (ACRG) --- biomarker --- psychosocial support --- precision therapy --- pancreatic carcinoma --- precision medicine --- Liver transplantation --- predictive biomarkers --- CD274 --- cholecystokinin --- The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) --- gastrin --- pembrolizumab --- immunotherapy --- gastrin-releasing peptide --- stereotactic body radiation therapy --- immunohistochemistry --- gastric carcinoma --- liver transplant --- CAM invasion assay --- intragraft gene expression profiles --- molecular profiling --- targeted therapy --- neurotensin --- intestinal disorder --- ramucirumab --- next-generation sequencing --- colorectal carcinoma --- tumor progenitor --- circulating tumor cells --- gastrointestinal malignancies --- bombesin --- trastuzumab --- somatostatin --- zebrafish --- G protein–coupled receptors --- G protein-coupled receptors