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The study of the acoustic and vibrational characteristics of musical instruments in terms of their mechanical behavior, sound emission, and characteristics started thousands of years ago, and among the physicists and mathematicians that addressed this matter, we should at least recognize Leonardo da Vinci, with his experimental water organ, and Ernst Chladni, who discovered nodal patterns on rigid surfaces such as soundboards. The growing awareness of our intangible cultural heritage and the need to better understand our roots in the field of music have contributed to increasing the efforts to extend our knowledge in this field, defining new physical parameters, extending the analysis to other musical instruments, and developing new methods to synthesize sound from musical instruments using a simple keyboard.

musical haptics --- piano --- auditory feedback --- tactile feedback --- binaural audio --- keyboard vibrations --- measurement --- recording --- autoclave --- out-of-autoclave --- vacuum-bag-only --- processing --- CFRE --- plates --- modal --- dynamic --- musical instruments --- intensity of acoustic radiation --- modal analysis --- Persian musical instruments --- sound efficiency --- intensity of acoustic radiation (IAR) --- Carabattola --- feature extraction --- timbre modeling --- auditory perception --- timbre space --- Palaeolithic --- Mousterian --- Neanderthals --- musical instrument --- Divje babe I --- microphone array --- wave field synthesis --- acoustic holography --- sampler --- synthesizer --- dynamic range compression --- music production --- semantic audio --- audio mixing --- 1176 compressor --- FET compression --- listening experiment --- n/a

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This Special Issue was launched to promote a subject that is deserving of more attention: the study of new metrics, indicators or evaluation methods for noise exposure, and the relationship of noise with annoyance or other health effects, thus not relying only on an average noise exposure measure. This Special Issue on the theme of the New Indicators for the Assessment and Prevention of Noise Nuisance has attracted the interest of authors from all over the world, with the publication of two reviews and two communications, as well as original research papers. Progress has been made in the investigated topic; however, it is still necessary to increase the awareness of the population, both in geographical terms and for workers in specific sectors, such as the marine industry. It emerged that it is essential to carry out future studies that distinguish better between different sound sources with respect to their sound quality in terms of frequency, time pattern (fluctuation, emergence), and psychoacoustic indices, because a differential human reaction to sound sources is increasingly evident. More longitudinal studies are required. However, cross-sectional studies employing a more detailed soundscape description (including background) by competing sound indices are also useful to further the required knowledge to understand the human response in terms of the broad spectrum of potential adverse effects on health and quality of life.

Technology: general issues --- History of engineering & technology --- sound emergence --- legislation --- annoyance --- measurement --- prediction --- uncertainty --- audibility --- signal-to-noise ratio --- sound pressure level --- field measurements --- spectrum analysis --- interior noise and vibration of vehicle --- COVID-19 --- noise --- soundscape --- metrics --- indicators --- descriptors --- sound --- lockdown --- Twitter --- geolocation --- noise classification --- seafarers --- acoustic pollution --- noise onboard ship --- health impact --- environmental pollution --- noise survey --- hypertension --- environmental noise --- railway noise --- recreational noise --- airport noise --- road traffic noise --- blood pressure --- noise annoyance --- diastolic blood pressure --- helicopter cabin --- noise levels --- noise reduction --- acoustic evaluation --- IAR Puma 330 --- ultrasound --- active noise control --- adjustable PAL --- quiet areas --- macro-temporal pattern --- noise indicator --- cognitive performance --- Stroop task --- listening experiment --- port noise --- noise sources --- noise mapping --- noise mitigations --- noise modeling --- ship noise --- sustainable management --- noise exposure prevention --- noise measurements --- research projects --- noise indicators --- noise metrics --- psychoacoustic --- nuisance --- sleep disturbance --- peak noise --- impulsive events --- health related quality of life --- health effects