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In recent years, the interest in magnesium and in microelements in older people has exponentially increased. The deficiency of either magnesium and microelements, in fact, is associated with several negative outcomes in older people. Therefore, in this book, we decided to report the most novel and important research findings regarding these important topics. In particular, authoritative authors in the field of nutritional research in older people reported their experience in magnesium research, including articles on metabolic and cardiovascular aspects of magnesium deficiency. Moreover, we speculated the importance of magnesium in infectious diseases, including COVID-19. In this book, we also report some important findings regarding other microelements, such as iron and sodium or potassium, extremely important in older people.

Medicine --- magnesium --- proteomics --- randomized trial --- vitamin D --- liquid chromatography—tandem mass spectrometry --- post-menopause --- aging --- Alzheimer’s disease --- iron metabolism --- multiple sclerosis --- Parkinson’s disease --- sex differences --- stroke --- dementia --- cognitive decline --- cardiovascular disease --- hypertension --- older people --- sodium --- potassium --- malnutrition --- SarcoPhAge --- macronutrients --- micronutrients --- muscle strength --- physical performance --- gait speed --- ions --- insulin resistance --- diet --- supplement --- oxidative stress --- inflammation --- infectious diseases --- COVID-19 --- n/a --- liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry --- Alzheimer's disease --- Parkinson's disease

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Since its early introduction by the Russian botanist Mikhail Semyonovich Tsvet, chromatography has been undoubtedly the most powerful analytical tool in analytical chemistry. Separation, qualitative analysis, and quantitative analysis can be achieved by choosing the right conditions. Thus, numerous gas chromatographic, liquid chromatographic, and supercritical fluid chromatographic methods have been developed and applied for most types of samples and most kinds of analytes. Additionally, older varieties such as paper chromatography and thin-layer chromatography were pioneer analytical techniques in many laboratories. Especially when hyphenated to spectrometric techniques, chromatography also allows the identification of separated analytes in a single run. Highly sophisticated equipment can answer all analytical problems very quickly. Chromatographers cooperate with many scientific fields and give their lights to medical doctors, veterinarians, food scientists, biologists, dentists, archaeologists, etc. In this Special Issue, analytical chemists were invited to prove that chromatography-based separation techniques are the ultimate analytical tool and their significant contribution is reflected in ten interesting articles.

Research & information: general --- Chemistry --- Analytical chemistry --- polyamine --- steroid --- breast cancer --- liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry --- serum --- photoaging --- proteomics --- genomics --- Swietenia macrophylla --- UV irradiation --- keratinocytes --- epidermal layer --- cosmetics --- natural product --- LC-MS/MS --- metabolomics --- targeted analysis --- nontargeted analysis --- sample preparation --- derivatization --- validation --- biomarkers --- mycophenolate mofetil --- mycophenolic acid --- pediatric patients --- limited sampling strategy --- multiple linear regression --- therapeutic drug monitoring --- almonds --- HPLC --- authenticity --- PCA --- tocopherols --- phenolics --- method validation --- Miang --- catechins --- caffeine --- gallic acid --- walnut septum --- UAE --- SPE --- flavonoids --- functional --- HPLC-DAD --- biotin acceptor peptide (BAP) --- biotin ligase BirA --- liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) --- multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) --- protein–protein interactions (PPIs) --- proximity utilizing biotinylation (PUB) --- greener HPTLC --- paracetamol --- simultaneous determination --- microflow LC-MS --- mLC-MS/MS --- liver fibrosis --- hemopexin --- biomarker

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Since its early introduction by the Russian botanist Mikhail Semyonovich Tsvet, chromatography has been undoubtedly the most powerful analytical tool in analytical chemistry. Separation, qualitative analysis, and quantitative analysis can be achieved by choosing the right conditions. Thus, numerous gas chromatographic, liquid chromatographic, and supercritical fluid chromatographic methods have been developed and applied for most types of samples and most kinds of analytes. Additionally, older varieties such as paper chromatography and thin-layer chromatography were pioneer analytical techniques in many laboratories. Especially when hyphenated to spectrometric techniques, chromatography also allows the identification of separated analytes in a single run. Highly sophisticated equipment can answer all analytical problems very quickly. Chromatographers cooperate with many scientific fields and give their lights to medical doctors, veterinarians, food scientists, biologists, dentists, archaeologists, etc. In this Special Issue, analytical chemists were invited to prove that chromatography-based separation techniques are the ultimate analytical tool and their significant contribution is reflected in ten interesting articles.

polyamine --- steroid --- breast cancer --- liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry --- serum --- photoaging --- proteomics --- genomics --- Swietenia macrophylla --- UV irradiation --- keratinocytes --- epidermal layer --- cosmetics --- natural product --- LC-MS/MS --- metabolomics --- targeted analysis --- nontargeted analysis --- sample preparation --- derivatization --- validation --- biomarkers --- mycophenolate mofetil --- mycophenolic acid --- pediatric patients --- limited sampling strategy --- multiple linear regression --- therapeutic drug monitoring --- almonds --- HPLC --- authenticity --- PCA --- tocopherols --- phenolics --- method validation --- Miang --- catechins --- caffeine --- gallic acid --- walnut septum --- UAE --- SPE --- flavonoids --- functional --- HPLC-DAD --- biotin acceptor peptide (BAP) --- biotin ligase BirA --- liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) --- multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) --- protein–protein interactions (PPIs) --- proximity utilizing biotinylation (PUB) --- greener HPTLC --- paracetamol --- simultaneous determination --- microflow LC-MS --- mLC-MS/MS --- liver fibrosis --- hemopexin --- biomarker

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The toxicity and fate of pharmaceuticals and other emerging micro-organic contaminants in the natural and built environments have been the focus of much research over the last twenty years. Particular focus has recently centred on the fate of antimicrobial chemicals, including antibiotics and antifungals. The occurrence of such chemicals in the environment is thought to contribute to the selection of resistance in exposed microorganisms.This Special Issue (SI) brings together a broad range of recent advances in the field of emerging micro-organic contaminants, ranging from medicinal contaminants to industrial chemicals in the environment. Notably, these range from chemical extraction and large-scale analysis to adverse effects on non-target aquatic organisms and potential risk to humans via contaminated foodstuffs. Additionally, this Special Issue also presents novel contaminant treatment/degradation methods of both physical and biological nature.

chitosan --- risk assessment --- n/a --- di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) --- Escherichia coli --- picolinic acid --- degradation --- 6-hydroxypicolinic acid --- biosorption --- coagulation --- qPCR --- global monitoring --- Pseudomonas putida --- basic buffer --- validation --- ethyl tert-butyl ether --- wastewater --- sewage treatment --- crustacean --- ETBE biodegradation --- ethB gene --- veterinary drug --- water quality --- tetracyclines --- micropollutants --- bacterial community --- antibiotics --- Membrane Bioreactor --- UPLC MS/MS --- bisphenol A (BPA) --- GAC-biofilter --- shrimp --- vitellogenin (VTG) --- hormones --- polluted aquifer --- biodegradation --- Rhodococcus --- sewage sludge --- ion suppression --- ozone --- pharmaceutical residues --- beta-lactams --- espresso coffee machine extraction --- mass spectrometry --- dye decolorization --- chlorination --- pressurized hot water extraction --- immobilization --- ARGs --- pharmaceuticals --- organic pollutants --- residue --- perfluorinated compounds --- liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry --- activated carbon --- irgarol --- fuel oxygenates

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Drug metabolism/pharmacokinetics and drug interaction studies have been extensively carried out in order to secure the druggability and safety of new chemical entities throughout the development of new drugs. Recently, drug metabolism and transport by phase II drug metabolizing enzymes and drug transporters, respectively, as well as phase I drug metabolizing enzymes, have been studied. A combination of biochemical advances in the function and regulation of drug metabolizing enzymes and automated analytical technologies are revolutionizing drug metabolism research. There are also potential drug–drug interactions with co-administered drugs due to inhibition and/or induction of drug metabolic enzymes and drug transporters. In addition, drug interaction studies have been actively performed to develop substrate cocktails that do not interfere with each other and a simultaneous analytical method of substrate drugs and their metabolites using a tandem mass spectrometer. This Special Issue has the aim of highlighting current progress in drug metabolism/pharmacokinetics, drug interactions, and bioanalysis.

human liver microsomes --- alcohol addiction --- UGT --- ultra-high-pressure liquid chromatography --- adalimumab --- procainamide --- LC-MS/MS --- DA-9805 --- paeonol --- LC-QTOF-MS/MS --- YRA-1909 --- chlorogenic acid --- immunoprecipitation --- Eurycoma longifolia --- CYP --- caffeic acid --- rat --- pharmaceutical excipient --- Korean red ginseng extract --- Stauntonia hexaphylla leaf extract --- bioanalysis --- HPLC-MS/MS --- B6 --- eurycomanone --- bioavailability --- drying technology --- GB3 --- diclofenac --- 129-Glatm1Kul/J --- aglycone --- caffeic acid O-glucuronides --- organic anion transporting polypeptide --- protein precipitation --- metabolic stability --- Fabry disease --- biopharmaceuticals --- imperatorin --- neochlorogenic acid --- gastric ulcer --- saikosaponin a --- hair --- anthraquinone --- acetyl tributyl citrate --- pharmacokinetics --- brain distribution --- mematine --- ethyl glucuronide --- pharmacokinetic --- loxoprofen --- liquid chromatography-quadrupole TOF MS --- glucuronidation --- esomeprazole --- metformin --- cytochrome P450 --- glycoside --- AUDIT score --- protein stability --- efficacy --- LC-HR/MS --- cryptochlorogenic acid --- aceclofenac --- drug interaction --- liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry --- Osthenol --- plasma --- N-acetylprocainamide --- diabetes --- Drugs --- Metabolism. --- Drug metabolism --- Pharmacokinetics