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MicroRNAs are the best representatives of the non-coding part of the genome and their functions are mostly linked to their target genes. During the process of carcinogenesis, both dysregulation of microRNAs and their target genes can explain the development of the disease. However, most of the target genes of microRNAs have not yet been elucidated. In this book, we add new information related to the functions of microRNAs in various tumors and their associated targetome.

miR526b --- miR655 --- breast cancer --- angiogenesis --- lymphangiogenesis --- EP4 --- PI3K/Akt --- microRNA-361 --- EMT --- tumor microenvironment --- cancer diagnosis --- cancer treatment --- Bladder cancer --- microRNA --- genetic marker --- progression --- ccRCC --- prognostic biomarker --- miRNA --- transcription factor --- interplay --- microRNAs --- exosomes --- liquid biopsy --- metastasis --- cancer --- liquid biopsies --- tumor --- SNAIL (SNAI1) transcription factor --- epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) --- long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) --- circular RNAs --- viral miRNAs --- EBV --- HHV-8 --- HPV --- HCV --- HBV --- MCPyV --- glioblastoma --- MGMT --- survival --- radiotherapy --- chemotherapy --- temozolomide --- translational medicine --- oncomiRNA --- post-transcriptional regulation --- immune regulation --- adrenocortical carcinoma --- micro RNA --- non-coding RNA --- thyroid carcinoma --- radioactive iodine --- drug resistance --- prognosis --- Burkitt lymphoma --- miR-378a-3p --- cell growth --- pancreatic cancer --- radioresistance --- personalized medicine --- biomarker --- target --- n/a

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Tumor markers --- Diagnostic use. --- Molecular diagnosis --- Neoplastic Cells, Circulating. --- Liquid Biopsy. --- Cytodiagnosis. --- Cytodiagnoses --- Cytological Techniques --- Liquid Biopsies --- Biopsies, Liquid --- Biopsy, Liquid --- Cell-Free Nucleic Acids --- Blood Specimen Collection --- Cells, Neoplasm Circulating --- Circulating Cells, Neoplasm --- Circulating Tumor Cells --- Circulating Neoplastic Cells --- Embolic Tumor Cells --- Embolism, Tumor --- Neoplasm Circulating Cells --- Tumor Cells, Embolic --- Cell, Circulating Neoplastic --- Cell, Circulating Tumor --- Cell, Embolic Tumor --- Cell, Neoplasm Circulating --- Cells, Circulating Neoplastic --- Cells, Circulating Tumor --- Cells, Embolic Tumor --- Circulating Neoplastic Cell --- Circulating Tumor Cell --- Embolic Tumor Cell --- Embolisms, Tumor --- Neoplasm Circulating Cell --- Neoplastic Cell, Circulating --- Tumor Cell, Circulating --- Tumor Cell, Embolic --- Tumor Cells, Circulating --- Tumor Embolism --- Tumor Embolisms --- Biòpsia --- Citodiagnòstic. --- Cèl·lules canceroses --- Citologia clínica --- Diagnòstic cel·lular --- Diagnòstic citològic --- Diagnòstic citopatòlogic --- Diagnòstic citoquímic --- Diagnòstic histocitològic --- Diagnostic històlogic --- Diagnòstic de laboratori --- Biòpsia per aspiració --- Histopatologia --- Patologia cel·lular --- Cirurgia operatòria --- Cèl·lules --- Metàstasi --- Càncer

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Malignant mesothelioma (MM) is a rare and aggressive cancer, related to chronic inflammation and oxidative stress caused mainly by exposure to asbestos. Although this mineral has been banned for decades in many countries, epidemiologists predict the MM epidemic will last past 2040, raising many concerns in public health given its late diagnosis, dismal prognosis, and lack of current efficient therapies.To deal with this situation, important breakthroughs have recently been made in the understanding of MM’s complex biology and the carcinogenic process of the different patterns of the disease. Examples of these include the development of new biomarkers and the deciphering of gene–environment interactions, molecular mechanisms of invasiveness, deregulated pathways, altered expression of miRNAs, DNA damage repair, or metabolic profile. From now on, MM’s aggressive and chemoresistant character appears linked to a polyclonal malignancy, and heterogeneity in molecular alterations.Given these improvements, new therapeutic targets are being explored to solve the double challenge faced by clinicians. The first is to reduce tumor development and its wasting consequences as soon as possible, without resistance and with limited toxicity. The second is to stimulate the recognition of tumor cells by the induction of a specific immune response. This Special Issue will highlight all these aspects.

Medicine --- well-differentiated papillary mesothelioma --- WDPM --- malignant mesothelioma --- DNA sequencing --- mutation --- mesothelioma --- tumor suppressor --- targeted therapy --- immunotherapy --- biomarkers --- proteomics --- macrophage-capping protein --- fatty acid-binding protein --- laminin subunit beta-2 --- selenium-binding protein 1 --- carcinogenesis --- malignant pleural mesothelioma --- asbestos exposure --- DNA methylation --- lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio --- epigenome-wide analysis --- survival analysis --- metabolomics --- radiotherapy --- cancers --- inflammation --- infiltrating immune cells --- prognostic biomarker --- predictive biomarker --- immune therapy --- VATS --- extrapleural pneumonectomy --- pleurectomy decortication --- therapy response --- survival --- FDG --- PET-CT --- mesothelium --- oxidative stress --- redox-sensitive factors --- asbestos --- carbon nanotubes --- protein-protein interactions --- systems biology --- network analysis --- drug repurposing --- pleural mesothelioma --- gene expression --- immunogenicity --- sarcomatoid --- epithelioid --- first line --- meta-analysis --- systematic review --- MPM --- lurbinectedin --- DNA damage response --- histotype --- Hippo pathway --- NF2 --- BAP1 --- CDKN2A --- PTCH1 --- SETD2 --- MTAP --- liquid biopsies --- circulating tumor DNA --- plasma --- cancer-specific mutations --- genomics --- cancer biomarkers --- tumor microenvironment --- tumor-associated macrophages --- dendritic cells --- immunohistochemistry --- interaction analysis --- pleural effusion --- well-differentiated papillary mesothelioma --- WDPM --- malignant mesothelioma --- DNA sequencing --- mutation --- mesothelioma --- tumor suppressor --- targeted therapy --- immunotherapy --- biomarkers --- proteomics --- macrophage-capping protein --- fatty acid-binding protein --- laminin subunit beta-2 --- selenium-binding protein 1 --- carcinogenesis --- malignant pleural mesothelioma --- asbestos exposure --- DNA methylation --- lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio --- epigenome-wide analysis --- survival analysis --- metabolomics --- radiotherapy --- cancers --- inflammation --- infiltrating immune cells --- prognostic biomarker --- predictive biomarker --- immune therapy --- VATS --- extrapleural pneumonectomy --- pleurectomy decortication --- therapy response --- survival --- FDG --- PET-CT --- mesothelium --- oxidative stress --- redox-sensitive factors --- asbestos --- carbon nanotubes --- protein-protein interactions --- systems biology --- network analysis --- drug repurposing --- pleural mesothelioma --- gene expression --- immunogenicity --- sarcomatoid --- epithelioid --- first line --- meta-analysis --- systematic review --- MPM --- lurbinectedin --- DNA damage response --- histotype --- Hippo pathway --- NF2 --- BAP1 --- CDKN2A --- PTCH1 --- SETD2 --- MTAP --- liquid biopsies --- circulating tumor DNA --- plasma --- cancer-specific mutations --- genomics --- cancer biomarkers --- tumor microenvironment --- tumor-associated macrophages --- dendritic cells --- immunohistochemistry --- interaction analysis --- pleural effusion