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Proliferating cells must adapt their metabolism to fulfill the increased requirements for energy demands and biosynthetic intermediates. This adaptation is particularly relevant in cancer, where sustained rapid proliferation combined with the harsh conditions of the tumor microenvironment represent a major metabolic challenge. Noteworthy, metabolic reprogramming is now considered one of the hallmarks of cancer. However, the one size fits all rarely applies to the metabolic rewiring occurring in cancer cells, which ultimately depends on the combination of several factors such as the tumor’s origin, the specific genetic alterations and the surrounding microenvironment. In the present Research Topic, we compile a series of articles that discuss different metabolic adaptations that proliferating cells undergo to sustain growth and division, as well as the potential therapeutic window to treat certain pathologies, with a special focus on cancer.

cancer metabolism --- proliferation --- mitochondria --- lipogenesis --- metabolic adaptation --- obesity --- Warburg effect

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Proliferating cells must adapt their metabolism to fulfill the increased requirements for energy demands and biosynthetic intermediates. This adaptation is particularly relevant in cancer, where sustained rapid proliferation combined with the harsh conditions of the tumor microenvironment represent a major metabolic challenge. Noteworthy, metabolic reprogramming is now considered one of the hallmarks of cancer. However, the one size fits all rarely applies to the metabolic rewiring occurring in cancer cells, which ultimately depends on the combination of several factors such as the tumor’s origin, the specific genetic alterations and the surrounding microenvironment. In the present Research Topic, we compile a series of articles that discuss different metabolic adaptations that proliferating cells undergo to sustain growth and division, as well as the potential therapeutic window to treat certain pathologies, with a special focus on cancer.

cancer metabolism --- proliferation --- mitochondria --- lipogenesis --- metabolic adaptation --- obesity --- Warburg effect --- cancer metabolism --- proliferation --- mitochondria --- lipogenesis --- metabolic adaptation --- obesity --- Warburg effect

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Energy metabolism at whole-body, cellular, and even organelle, i.e., mitochondrial, levels requires adequate regulation in order to maintain or improve (metabolic) health. In eukaryotic cells, mitochondria are key players in energy (ATP) production via oxidative phosphorylation. Both macro- and micronutrients potentially influence energy metabolism and mitochondrial functioning, either as substrates for (oxidative) catabolism or as essential constituents of enzymes or protein complexes involved in (mitochondrial) energy metabolism. This book contains a valuable collection of empirical preclinical and human studies to assist in the development of understanding and progress this area of research on improving health and, more specifically, metabolic health.

Medicine --- insulin --- lipogenesis --- obesity --- glucose homeostasis --- adipocytes --- cortisol --- ketones --- s-IgA --- exercise --- low carbohydrate diet --- NAFLD --- omega-3 --- krill oil --- phospholipids --- high-fat diet --- C57BL/6N mice --- thermoneutral temperature --- iron deficiency --- striated skeletal muscle --- physical capacity --- fatigue --- mitochondrial metabolism --- complex I --- resting metabolic rate --- prediction equation --- ageing adults --- overweight --- adiposity-based chronic disease --- energy balance --- metabolism --- insulin --- lipogenesis --- obesity --- glucose homeostasis --- adipocytes --- cortisol --- ketones --- s-IgA --- exercise --- low carbohydrate diet --- NAFLD --- omega-3 --- krill oil --- phospholipids --- high-fat diet --- C57BL/6N mice --- thermoneutral temperature --- iron deficiency --- striated skeletal muscle --- physical capacity --- fatigue --- mitochondrial metabolism --- complex I --- resting metabolic rate --- prediction equation --- ageing adults --- overweight --- adiposity-based chronic disease --- energy balance --- metabolism

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Well-being is received increased attention from people, researchers, and physicians. The main goal is to prevent the onset of pathologic health issues instead of using conventional pharmacological approaches unless absolutely necessary. Prevention and well-being are closely linked to the wrong lifestyle and dietary habits, which can determine the onset of illness. Some health conditions can be prevented and treated with the use of nutraceuticals in daily diet. Nutraceuticals are pharmacologically active substances that can be extracted from vegetable or animal products, and concentrated and administered in a suitable pharmaceutical form. A nutraceutical can provide beneficial health effects, e.g., the prevention and/or, in some cases, the treatment of disease. The key aspect is defining the range of possible uses for these new food-drugs and substantiation with in vitro and in vivo clinical data that support their efficacy, safety, and health benefits. This Special Issue is dedicated to assessing the sources, composition, formulation, use, experience in clinical use, mechanisms of action, and clinical data of nutraceuticals, which represent a new horizon for therapy and provide valuable tools to reduce the cost of the healthcare system, addressing resources for prevention rather than pharmacological therapy.

microalgae --- Spirulina --- Chlorella --- Klamath --- food supplement --- quality control --- cinnamon --- white adipocyte differentiation --- fatty acid oxidation --- lipogenesis --- adipogenesis --- red yeast rice --- lovastatin --- nutraceutical --- safety --- health --- HPLC --- wine --- polyphenols --- antioxidants --- hydroxytyrosol --- trans-resveratrol --- n/a --- EVOO --- biophenols --- oleuropein --- multivariate statistical analysis --- OPLS-DA --- food profiling --- β-polysaccharides --- antioxidant activity --- Opuntia ficus-indica --- cladodes --- pumpkin seed oil --- fatty acids --- stereospecific analysis --- sterols --- alcohols

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Well-being is received increased attention from people, researchers, and physicians. The main goal is to prevent the onset of pathologic health issues instead of using conventional pharmacological approaches unless absolutely necessary. Prevention and well-being are closely linked to the wrong lifestyle and dietary habits, which can determine the onset of illness. Some health conditions can be prevented and treated with the use of nutraceuticals in daily diet. Nutraceuticals are pharmacologically active substances that can be extracted from vegetable or animal products, and concentrated and administered in a suitable pharmaceutical form. A nutraceutical can provide beneficial health effects, e.g., the prevention and/or, in some cases, the treatment of disease. The key aspect is defining the range of possible uses for these new food-drugs and substantiation with in vitro and in vivo clinical data that support their efficacy, safety, and health benefits. This Special Issue is dedicated to assessing the sources, composition, formulation, use, experience in clinical use, mechanisms of action, and clinical data of nutraceuticals, which represent a new horizon for therapy and provide valuable tools to reduce the cost of the healthcare system, addressing resources for prevention rather than pharmacological therapy.

Research & information: general --- Biology, life sciences --- Food & society --- microalgae --- Spirulina --- Chlorella --- Klamath --- food supplement --- quality control --- cinnamon --- white adipocyte differentiation --- fatty acid oxidation --- lipogenesis --- adipogenesis --- red yeast rice --- lovastatin --- nutraceutical --- safety --- health --- HPLC --- wine --- polyphenols --- antioxidants --- hydroxytyrosol --- trans-resveratrol --- EVOO --- biophenols --- oleuropein --- multivariate statistical analysis --- OPLS-DA --- food profiling --- β-polysaccharides --- antioxidant activity --- Opuntia ficus-indica --- cladodes --- pumpkin seed oil --- fatty acids --- stereospecific analysis --- sterols --- alcohols --- microalgae --- Spirulina --- Chlorella --- Klamath --- food supplement --- quality control --- cinnamon --- white adipocyte differentiation --- fatty acid oxidation --- lipogenesis --- adipogenesis --- red yeast rice --- lovastatin --- nutraceutical --- safety --- health --- HPLC --- wine --- polyphenols --- antioxidants --- hydroxytyrosol --- trans-resveratrol --- EVOO --- biophenols --- oleuropein --- multivariate statistical analysis --- OPLS-DA --- food profiling --- β-polysaccharides --- antioxidant activity --- Opuntia ficus-indica --- cladodes --- pumpkin seed oil --- fatty acids --- stereospecific analysis --- sterols --- alcohols