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This is an innovative study of variation among linguistic items in what has been traditionally described as present perfect contexts. The study offers analyses of new data sets taken from an interestingly diverse set of non-native Englishes. While comprising traditional second-language varieties such as Indian English, Singapore English, East African English in the investigation of the present perfect, the study extends its scope to cover learner varieties of English spoken in Russia and Germany. The author takes her reader on an amazing variationist journey around the globe, revealing chapter after chapter the commonalities and differences in the patterns of use of the English present perfect and, finally, developing a comprehensive perspective allowing for robust generalisations across numerous data sets. Moreover, empirical data serves as a baseline for taking a stand on a number of currently debated issues in variationist sociolinguistics, research on second language acquisition as well as research on linguistic complexity. Thus operating on the interface of various linguistic paradigms, the book addresses a vast audience including students of linguistics and researchers with various fields of specialization.
English language --- Dialectology --- 802.0-56 --- Engels: syntaxis; semantiek --- 802.0-56 Engels: syntaxis; semantiek --- Language and languages --- Characterology of speech --- Language diversity --- Language subsystems --- Language variation --- Linguistic diversity --- Variation in language --- Germanic languages --- Globlization --- Variation --- Variation. --- Globalization. --- Linguistic Complexity. --- Morphosyntactic Variation. --- Second Language Acquisition. --- World Englishes.
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Linguistic complexity is one of the currently most hotly debated notions in linguistics. The essays in this volume reflect the intricacies of thinking about the complexity of languages and language varieties (here: of English) in three major contact-related fields of (and schools in) linguistics: creolistics, indigenization and nativization studies (i.e. in the realm of English linguistics, the "World Englishes" community), and Second Language Acquisition (SLA) research: How can we adequately assess linguistic complexity? Should we be interested in absolute complexity or rather relative complexity? What is the extent to which language contact and/or (adult) language learning might lead to morphosyntactic simplification? The authors in this volume are all leading linguists in different areas of specialization, and they were asked to elaborate on those facets of linguistic complexity which are most relevant in their area of specialization, and/or which strike them as being most intriguing. The result is a collection of papers that is unique in bringing together leading representatives of three often disjunct fields of linguistic scholarship in which linguistic complexity is seen as a dynamic and inherently variable parameter.
Psycholinguistics --- Sociolinguistics --- Complexity (Linguistics) --- Second language acquisition --- Languages in contact --- Study and teaching --- Languages in contact. --- Complexiteit (linguïstiek) --- Taalcontact --- Tweedetaalverwerving --- Study and teaching. --- 800.7 --- 800.7 Taalonderwijs. Taalverwerving --- Taalonderwijs. Taalverwerving --- Complexity (Linguistics). --- Complexiteit (linguïstiek). --- Taalcontact. --- Tweedetaalverwerving. --- Second language learning --- Language acquisition --- Areal linguistics --- Linguistic analysis (Linguistics) --- Second language acquisition Study and teaching --- Second language acquisition - Study and teaching --- Linguistic complexity, second langauge acquisition, contact linguistics, creolistics.
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The present book contains five papers accepted and published in the Special Issue, “Fuzzy Natural Logic in IFSA-EUSFLAT 2021”, of the journal Mathematics (MDPI). These papers are extended versions of the contributions presented in the conference “The 19th World Congress of the International Fuzzy Systems Association and the 12th Conference of the European Society for Fuzzy Logic and Technology jointly with the AGOP, IJCRS, and FQAS conferences”, which took place in Bratislava (Slovakia) from September 19 to September 24, 2021. Fuzzy Natural Logic (FNL) is a system of mathematical fuzzy logic theories that enables us to model natural language terms and rules while accounting for their inherent vagueness and allows us to reason and argue using the tools developed in them. FNL includes, among others, the theory of evaluative linguistic expressions (e.g., small, very large, etc.), the theory of fuzzy and intermediate quantifiers (e.g., most, few, many, etc.), and the theory of fuzzy/linguistic IF–THEN rules and logical inference. The papers in this Special Issue use the various aspects and concepts of FNL mentioned above and apply them to a wide range of problems both theoretically and practically oriented. This book will be of interest for researchers working in the areas of fuzzy logic, applied linguistics, generalized quantifiers, and their applications.
Research & information: general --- Mathematics & science --- fuzzy Peterson’s syllogisms --- fuzzy intermediate quantifiers --- graded Peterson’s cube of opposition --- linguistic universals --- linguistic complexity --- evaluative expressions --- fuzzy grammar --- linguistic gradience --- linguistic constraints --- grammaticality --- sentiment analysis --- closeness --- closeness matrix --- closeness space --- function similarity --- fuzzy partition --- fuzzy transform --- preimage problem --- singular value decomposition --- evolving fuzzy neural network --- or-neuron --- auction fraud --- knowledge extraction --- n/a --- fuzzy Peterson's syllogisms --- graded Peterson's cube of opposition
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