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In this work, printable organic tandem light emitting diodes for future cost-efficient, long-time stable and white light emitting devices are presented. The key to such multilayer devices is to develop charge carrier injection layers based on metal-oxides like WO3, MoO3, V2O5 and modified ZnO, which can be applied from precursors. Furthermore, these precursor-based approach enables the fabrication of OLED with inverted architecture as well as transparent light emitting diodes.

Charge Carrier injection --- Multischicht-OLED --- tandem-OLED --- multiphoton emission OLED --- Weißlicht --- Ladungsträger-Injektionorganic light emitting diode --- Organische Leuchtdiode --- white light emission --- Tandem-OLED

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"Optics--a field of physics focusing on the study of light--is also central to many areas of biology, including vision, ecology, botany, animal behavior, neurobiology, and molecular biology. The Optics of Life introduces the fundamentals of optics to biologists and non-physicists, giving them the tools they need to successfully incorporate optical measurements and principles into their research. S©œnke Johnsen starts with the basics, describing the properties of light and the units and geometry of measurement. He then explores how light is created and propagates and how it interacts with matter, covering topics such as absorption, scattering, fluorescence, and polarization. Johnsen also provides a tutorial on how to measure light as well as an informative discussion of quantum mechanics. The Optics of Life features a host of examples drawn from nature and everyday life, and several appendixes that offer further practical guidance for researchers. This concise book uses a minimum of equations and jargon, explaining the basic physics of light in a succinct and lively manner. It is the essential primer for working biologists and for anyone seeking an accessible introduction to optics"--

Photobiology. --- Physiological optics. --- Polarization (Light) --- Rotation of the plane of polarization --- Optics, Physiological --- Optical Phenomena. --- Light. --- Electromagnetic waves --- Optics --- Wave-motion, Theory of --- Optical rotation --- Stereochemistry --- Vision --- Biology --- Light --- Photochemistry --- Polarization --- Visible Radiation --- Light, Visible --- Photoradiation --- Radiation, Visible --- Photoradiations --- Radiations, Visible --- Visible Light --- Visible Radiations --- Photobiology --- Optical Phenomenon --- Optical Process --- Optical Concepts --- Optical Processes --- Concept, Optical --- Concepts, Optical --- Optical Concept --- Phenomena, Optical --- Phenomenon, Optical --- Process, Optical --- Processes, Optical --- Optics. Quantum optics --- Ophthalmology --- Physiological optics --- Light sources --- Spectrum analysis --- absorption. --- animal vision. --- bioluminescence. --- coherent scattering. --- color. --- elastic scattering. --- electric field. --- electrons. --- fluorescence. --- geometry. --- human vision. --- inelastic scattering. --- integrated measurements. --- irradiance. --- light emission. --- light measurement. --- light. --- luminescence. --- lux. --- magnetic field. --- matter. --- mechanoluminescence. --- optical energy. --- optical measurements. --- optics. --- particles. --- phosphorescence. --- photon energy. --- photons. --- photosynthetically active radiation. --- polarization. --- polarized light. --- quantum entanglement. --- quantum mechanics. --- radiance. --- reflection. --- refraction. --- scattering. --- single scattering. --- sonoluminescence. --- spectra. --- spectral measurements. --- spectrometers. --- spectroradiometer. --- sun. --- thermal radiation. --- two-slit interference. --- uncertainty principle. --- units. --- wave interference. --- wave-particle duality. --- wavelength. --- waves.

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The high importance of free radical chemistry for a variety of biological events, including ageing and inflammation, has attracted considerable interest in understanding the related mechanistic steps at the molecular level. Modelling the free radical chemical reactivity of biological systems is an important research area. When studying free-radical-based chemical mechanisms, biomimetic chemistry and the design of established biomimetic models come into play to perform experiments in a controlled environment, suitably designed to be a similar as possible to cellular conditions. This Special Issue provides readers with a wide overview of biomimetic radical chemistry, where molecular mechanisms have been defined and molecular libraries of products are developed to be used as traces for the discoveries of some relevant biological processes. Several subjects are presented, with five articles and five reviews written by specialists in the fields of DNA, proteins, lipids, biotechnological applications and bioinspired synthesis, with “free radicals” as the common denominator.

Research & information: general --- Chemistry --- Inorganic chemistry --- guanine --- guanyl radical --- tautomerism --- guanine radical cation --- oligonucleotides --- DNA --- G-quadruplex --- time-resolved spectroscopies --- reactive oxygen species (ROS) --- oxidation --- catalase mimics --- peroxide --- diiron-peroxo complexes --- structure/activity --- kinetic studies --- biomimetic chemistry --- cysteine --- ketone reduction --- free radicals --- pulse radiolysis --- kinetics --- DNA oxidation --- DNA hole transfer --- molecular dynamics --- quantum dynamics --- electron transfer --- charge transfer --- quantum coherence --- chemiluminescence --- reaction mechanisms --- singlet oxygen --- reactive oxygen species --- light emission --- crosslink --- dimerization --- protein oxidation --- radicals --- di-tyrosine --- di-tryptophan --- disulfides --- thiols --- aggregation --- proteomics --- mass spectrometry --- collagen --- riboflavin --- hyaluronic acid --- EPR spectroscopy --- keratoconus --- STEM --- DNA biosensor --- chemical nucleases --- DNA-drug interaction --- copper complexes --- metallodrugs --- MEP pathway --- antibiotics --- IspH --- LytB --- [4Fe-4S] cluster --- reductive dehydroxylation --- bioorganometallic intermediate --- inhibitors --- methionine --- neighboring group effect --- hydroxyl radical --- triplet state of carboxybenzophenone --- one-electron oxidants --- laser flash photolysis --- peptides --- proteins --- guanine --- guanyl radical --- tautomerism --- guanine radical cation --- oligonucleotides --- DNA --- G-quadruplex --- time-resolved spectroscopies --- reactive oxygen species (ROS) --- oxidation --- catalase mimics --- peroxide --- diiron-peroxo complexes --- structure/activity --- kinetic studies --- biomimetic chemistry --- cysteine --- ketone reduction --- free radicals --- pulse radiolysis --- kinetics --- DNA oxidation --- DNA hole transfer --- molecular dynamics --- quantum dynamics --- electron transfer --- charge transfer --- quantum coherence --- chemiluminescence --- reaction mechanisms --- singlet oxygen --- reactive oxygen species --- light emission --- crosslink --- dimerization --- protein oxidation --- radicals --- di-tyrosine --- di-tryptophan --- disulfides --- thiols --- aggregation --- proteomics --- mass spectrometry --- collagen --- riboflavin --- hyaluronic acid --- EPR spectroscopy --- keratoconus --- STEM --- DNA biosensor --- chemical nucleases --- DNA-drug interaction --- copper complexes --- metallodrugs --- MEP pathway --- antibiotics --- IspH --- LytB --- [4Fe-4S] cluster --- reductive dehydroxylation --- bioorganometallic intermediate --- inhibitors --- methionine --- neighboring group effect --- hydroxyl radical --- triplet state of carboxybenzophenone --- one-electron oxidants --- laser flash photolysis --- peptides --- proteins