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A short book about different issues in optical technologies. The importance of optical technologies for artwork charaterization is well known, in this book we show some examples where different optical technologies are applied in real cultural heritage artworks.

digital archaeology --- image classification --- stratigraphy --- landscape archaeology --- sediment analysis --- spectroscopy --- proximal sensing --- porcelain --- enamels --- China --- 18th century --- Raman microspectroscopy --- pXRF --- pigments --- arsenic --- cobalt --- Naples yellow --- Dzi bead --- agate --- X-ray diffraction --- X-ray fluorescence --- X-ray absorption near edge structure --- X-ray imaging --- colour --- art --- visual --- accommodation --- binocular vision --- silver nanostars --- surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy --- cross-sections --- copper phthalocyanine --- blue pigment --- analytical diagnostics --- National Gallery of Parma --- Madonna della Misericordia --- pigment identification --- preliminary drawing --- gilding --- Byzantine --- projection mapping --- calibration --- lighting --- cultural heritage --- light damage --- colour difference --- ageing --- monitoring --- imaging spectroscopy --- spectral imaging --- exhibitions --- preventive --- quantitative --- books --- paper --- conservation --- archive --- library --- art conservation --- spectral optimization --- color quality --- LEDs --- light intensity --- illuminance --- exposure --- energy efficiency --- damage --- daguerreotype --- tarnish --- chemical cleaning --- electrocleaning --- synchrotron --- X-ray fluorescence imaging --- non-invasive investigations --- portable/reflectance spectroscopy --- portable Raman spectroscopy --- lead antimonate --- enamel blue --- caput mortuum --- hyperspectral imaging --- 18th century painting --- FORS --- XRF --- photogrammetry --- workflow --- Alhambra’s Tower of the Captive --- n/a --- Alhambra's Tower of the Captive

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Vision is the most important sense in higher mammals. The retina is the first step in visual processing and the window to the brain. It is not surprising that problems arising in the retina lead to moderate to severe visual impairments. We offer here a collection of reviews as well as original papers dealing with various aspects of retinal function as well as dysfunction. New approaches in retinal research are described, such as the expression and localization of the endocannabinoid system in the normal retina and the role of cannabinoid receptors that could offer new avenues of research in the development of potential treatments for retinal diseases. Moreover, new insights are offered in advancing knowledge towards the prevention and cure of visual pathologies, mainly AMD, RP, and diabetic retinopathy.

Medicine --- Neurosciences --- eye --- retina --- development --- vascularization --- hypoxia --- autophagy --- programmed cell death --- cellular senescence --- retinogenesis --- altricial bird species --- precocial bird species --- senescence-associated galactosidase activity --- diabetes mellitus --- retinopathy --- microvascular --- complication --- optical coherence tomography --- angiography --- black --- African-American --- systemic disease --- biomarker --- retinal degenerative diseases --- mesenchymal stem cells --- stem cell therapy --- experimental models --- clinical trials --- AMD --- age-related macular degeneration --- trichostatin A (TSA) --- HDAC --- histone deacetylase --- vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) --- retinal degeneration --- endoplasmic reticulum --- stress response --- unfolded protein response --- GRP78 --- retinal glial cell --- diabetic retinopathy --- zebrafish --- neurovascular unit --- microvascular complications and dysfunction --- metabolism --- motor protein --- myosin 1C --- photoreceptor --- rhodopsin --- outer segments --- visual function --- macroglia --- astrocytes --- Müller cells --- optic nerve crush --- retinal ganglion cells --- spinal cord injury --- signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 --- epidermal growth factor --- Drp1 --- apoptosis --- mitochondria --- microglia --- neurodegeneration --- multiple sclerosis --- retinal microglia --- microglia morphotype --- light damage --- functional analysis --- early detection --- remodeling --- lactate --- GPR81 --- HCAR1 --- growth cone --- dLGN --- axon --- 3,5-DHBA --- kallikrein-kinin system --- kinin receptors --- GFAP --- osteopontin --- retinal detachment --- diabetes --- antioxidants --- bioenergetics --- respiration --- ATP --- glucagon-like peptide-1 --- exendin-4 --- catalase --- immunohistochemistry --- electron microscopy --- Charles Bonnet syndrome --- EEG --- visual hallucination --- resting state --- high-fat diet --- gut microbiome --- gut-retina axis --- RNA sequencing --- germ-free mice --- complement cascade --- angiogenesis --- retinal inflammation --- AII amacrine cell --- Prox1 --- parvalbumin --- gap junction --- eccentricity --- ON/OFF asymmetry --- arterioles --- betulinic acid --- ischemia-reperfusion injury --- reactive oxygen species --- retinal vessels --- retinal fluorescence imaging --- amyloid --- cognitive decline --- Alzheimer's disease --- optic neuritis --- oxidative stress --- neuroprotection --- fingolimod --- iPSC-RPE --- retinal pigment epithelium --- immunodeficient RCS rat --- ultrathin parylene --- retinal transplantation --- CD4+CD25+ --- inflammation --- iPSC --- typical cannabinoid receptors --- atypical cannabinoid receptors --- electroretinography --- monkeys --- visual system --- eye inflammation --- lipopolysaccharide --- natural bioactive extracts --- Ac2-26 --- FPR receptor --- inflammatory mediators --- retinal light injury --- LED screen --- optical filter --- retinal protection --- regeneration --- progenitor cell --- hyperglycemia --- photoreceptors --- neurod --- Notch --- eye --- retina --- development --- vascularization --- hypoxia --- autophagy --- programmed cell death --- cellular senescence --- retinogenesis --- altricial bird species --- precocial bird species --- senescence-associated galactosidase activity --- diabetes mellitus --- retinopathy --- microvascular --- complication --- optical coherence tomography --- angiography --- black --- African-American --- systemic disease --- biomarker --- retinal degenerative diseases --- mesenchymal stem cells --- stem cell therapy --- experimental models --- clinical trials --- AMD --- age-related macular degeneration --- trichostatin A (TSA) --- HDAC --- histone deacetylase --- vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) --- retinal degeneration --- endoplasmic reticulum --- stress response --- unfolded protein response --- GRP78 --- retinal glial cell --- diabetic retinopathy --- zebrafish --- neurovascular unit --- microvascular complications and dysfunction --- metabolism --- motor protein --- myosin 1C --- photoreceptor --- rhodopsin --- outer segments --- visual function --- macroglia --- astrocytes --- Müller cells --- optic nerve crush --- retinal ganglion cells --- spinal cord injury --- signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 --- epidermal growth factor --- Drp1 --- apoptosis --- mitochondria --- microglia --- neurodegeneration --- multiple sclerosis --- retinal microglia --- microglia morphotype --- light damage --- functional analysis --- early detection --- remodeling --- lactate --- GPR81 --- HCAR1 --- growth cone --- dLGN --- axon --- 3,5-DHBA --- kallikrein-kinin system --- kinin receptors --- GFAP --- osteopontin --- retinal detachment --- diabetes --- antioxidants --- bioenergetics --- respiration --- ATP --- glucagon-like peptide-1 --- exendin-4 --- catalase --- immunohistochemistry --- electron microscopy --- Charles Bonnet syndrome --- EEG --- visual hallucination --- resting state --- high-fat diet --- gut microbiome --- gut-retina axis --- RNA sequencing --- germ-free mice --- complement cascade --- angiogenesis --- retinal inflammation --- AII amacrine cell --- Prox1 --- parvalbumin --- gap junction --- eccentricity --- ON/OFF asymmetry --- arterioles --- betulinic acid --- ischemia-reperfusion injury --- reactive oxygen species --- retinal vessels --- retinal fluorescence imaging --- amyloid --- cognitive decline --- Alzheimer's disease --- optic neuritis --- oxidative stress --- neuroprotection --- fingolimod --- iPSC-RPE --- retinal pigment epithelium --- immunodeficient RCS rat --- ultrathin parylene --- retinal transplantation --- CD4+CD25+ --- inflammation --- iPSC --- typical cannabinoid receptors --- atypical cannabinoid receptors --- electroretinography --- monkeys --- visual system --- eye inflammation --- lipopolysaccharide --- natural bioactive extracts --- Ac2-26 --- FPR receptor --- inflammatory mediators --- retinal light injury --- LED screen --- optical filter --- retinal protection --- regeneration --- progenitor cell --- hyperglycemia --- photoreceptors --- neurod --- Notch

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• Reference Manager
• EndNote
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Vision is the most important sense in higher mammals. The retina is the first step in visual processing and the window to the brain. It is not surprising that problems arising in the retina lead to moderate to severe visual impairments. We offer here a collection of reviews as well as original papers dealing with various aspects of retinal function as well as dysfunction. New approaches in retinal research are described, such as the expression and localization of the endocannabinoid system in the normal retina and the role of cannabinoid receptors that could offer new avenues of research in the development of potential treatments for retinal diseases. Moreover, new insights are offered in advancing knowledge towards the prevention and cure of visual pathologies, mainly AMD, RP, and diabetic retinopathy.

eye --- retina --- development --- vascularization --- hypoxia --- autophagy --- programmed cell death --- cellular senescence --- retinogenesis --- altricial bird species --- precocial bird species --- senescence-associated galactosidase activity --- diabetes mellitus --- retinopathy --- microvascular --- complication --- optical coherence tomography --- angiography --- black --- African-American --- systemic disease --- biomarker --- retinal degenerative diseases --- mesenchymal stem cells --- stem cell therapy --- experimental models --- clinical trials --- AMD --- age-related macular degeneration --- trichostatin A (TSA) --- HDAC --- histone deacetylase --- vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) --- retinal degeneration --- endoplasmic reticulum --- stress response --- unfolded protein response --- GRP78 --- retinal glial cell --- diabetic retinopathy --- zebrafish --- neurovascular unit --- microvascular complications and dysfunction --- metabolism --- motor protein --- myosin 1C --- photoreceptor --- rhodopsin --- outer segments --- visual function --- macroglia --- astrocytes --- Müller cells --- optic nerve crush --- retinal ganglion cells --- spinal cord injury --- signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 --- epidermal growth factor --- Drp1 --- apoptosis --- mitochondria --- microglia --- neurodegeneration --- multiple sclerosis --- retinal microglia --- microglia morphotype --- light damage --- functional analysis --- early detection --- remodeling --- lactate --- GPR81 --- HCAR1 --- growth cone --- dLGN --- axon --- 3,5-DHBA --- kallikrein-kinin system --- kinin receptors --- GFAP --- osteopontin --- retinal detachment --- diabetes --- antioxidants --- bioenergetics --- respiration --- ATP --- glucagon-like peptide-1 --- exendin-4 --- catalase --- immunohistochemistry --- electron microscopy --- Charles Bonnet syndrome --- EEG --- visual hallucination --- resting state --- high-fat diet --- gut microbiome --- gut-retina axis --- RNA sequencing --- germ-free mice --- complement cascade --- angiogenesis --- retinal inflammation --- AII amacrine cell --- Prox1 --- parvalbumin --- gap junction --- eccentricity --- ON/OFF asymmetry --- arterioles --- betulinic acid --- ischemia-reperfusion injury --- reactive oxygen species --- retinal vessels --- retinal fluorescence imaging --- amyloid --- cognitive decline --- Alzheimer’s disease --- optic neuritis --- oxidative stress --- neuroprotection --- fingolimod --- iPSC-RPE --- retinal pigment epithelium --- immunodeficient RCS rat --- ultrathin parylene --- retinal transplantation --- CD4+CD25+ --- inflammation --- iPSC --- typical cannabinoid receptors --- atypical cannabinoid receptors --- electroretinography --- monkeys --- visual system --- eye inflammation --- lipopolysaccharide --- natural bioactive extracts --- Ac2-26 --- FPR receptor --- inflammatory mediators --- retinal light injury --- LED screen --- optical filter --- retinal protection --- regeneration --- progenitor cell --- hyperglycemia --- photoreceptors --- neurod --- Notch --- n/a --- Müller cells --- Alzheimer's disease