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information studies --- information retrieval --- library and information science

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The scientific and professional literature in Bosnia and Herzegovina has not considered the issue of legislation on museums to a great extent during the past decades. Although tens of museums and galleries on the territory of Bosnia and Herzegovina actively work (the first museum collection was established in 1884 in Humac near Ljubuški, and the first public museum institution – the National Museum was founded in 1888 in Sarajevo), legislation apparently seems not to have been an interesting issue for research and analysis. During the period of the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes/the Kingdom of Yugoslavia (1918-1941) the common legal act on museums did not exist although it was drafted on several occasions. In those days, there were two public museums in Bosnia and Herzegovina (the above-mentioned National Museum in Sarajevo and the Museum of Vrbas Province in Banja Luka founded in 1930) and the management staff of these museums was appointed by the Ministry of Education in Belgrade. The first law on museum activities was adopted in Bosnia and Herzegovina after the World War II (1947) which made Bosnia and Herzegovina the first republic in Yugoslavia have such a legal act (Macedonia passed its own law in 1948 and Serbia in 1951). Before passing the Law on Museums (which contained 6 articles), the Decision on Protection of Cultural Monuments was made in February 1945 in Belgrade. It was signed by Marshall Tito and it was binding for the entire country. The amendments to the first Law on Museums were adopted in 1948. During 1960 a new, and much more extensive law on museums was passed and it contained 52 articles (during 1960s all the republics of former Yugoslavia passed their own laws on museums some of which for the first time such as Croatia, for instance). The laws were passed by the Assembly upon the proposal of the Government and the Ministry in charge. The last amendments to the law on museums in Bosnia and Herzegovina before 1992 were passed in 1987. During the recent war (1992-1995) the legally binding Regulation on Museums dating from 1993 was in force. After Dayton Peace Agreement had been signed in Paris in 1995, the state of Bosnia and Herzegovina ceased being in charge of science, education and culture on the basis of Annex IV (which makes the Constitution of Bosnia and Herzegovina). This means that the field of cultural activities became the responsibility of the entity of Republika Srpska and the cantons in the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina. The issue of museum activities was regulated in Republika Srpska by the law and the respective by-laws while in the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina several cantons have legally stipulated museum activities by the corresponding laws (e.g. Canton Sarajevo in 2000, Zenica-Doboj Canton in 2003, Tuzla Canton in 2002, Bihac in 2001 and West Herzegovina Canton in 2009). It is interesting to note that Bosnia and Herzegovina has never had the legally regulated central museum institution (there used to exist “central“ museum institutions for certain fields such as archaeology, ethnology or history) nor have there been any common standards or norms for the museum activities (to provide the required minimal space for storing, library, the defined minimal smaller or larger space as the standard for the museum institutions etc.). It is particularly interesting that even nowadays Bosnia and Herzegovina does not have the museum of technology, traffic and the like, and, thus, there is no legal regulation to define such exhibits within the field of museum activities. Th ere is no Technical Museum (traffic, railway, post etc.) which is, nowadays, normally present in the European museum practice. Presently, this kind of legislation exists in Republika Srpska according to which the Museum of Republika Srpska and the Museum of Modern Arts of Republika Srpska represent the central museum institutions in that entity. They have also adopted the norms and standards for museum activities.

Law, Constitution, Jurisprudence --- Museology Heritage Studies --- Library and Information Science

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Library science --- Library science. --- library and information science --- information technology --- information systems

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librarianship --- academic librarianship --- higher education --- librarians --- libraries --- library and information science

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Još od osnutka, 1948. g. pod okriljem UNESCO-a, Međunarodno arhivsko vijeće (MAV, International Council on Archives - ICA) pruža značajnu tehničku i stručnu podršku arhivima i arhivskim institucijama diljem svijeta. Putem studija, savjetovanja, misija stručnjaka, elaborata, normi i standarda, kao i razmjenom informacija, MAV ima bitnu ulogu u podizanju svijesti vlada, civilnog društva i međunarodne zajednice o važnosti arhivskog gradiva. Ovaj je priručnik praktični vodič kojim se želi privući pažnju predstavnika, osoblja i volontera nevladinih organizacija (NVO) na vrijednost njihovih dokumenata i zapisa, te dati savjete o njihovu upravljanju i čuvanju. Neki od zapisa uistinu imaju krucijalnu važnost kako za povijest samih organizacija tako i za društva na koje se odnose. Prednosti dobrog uredskog poslovanja privatnih ili javnih institucija su dobro poznate: uštede vremena i prostora, pravna i administrativna memorija, utemeljno shvaćanje prošlih odluka i transparentnost informacija. Čuvanje zapisa na srednji i dugi rok u elektroničkom je okruženju postalo kompleksnije; a intervencije uredskih djelatnika moraju početi u ranoj fazi životnog ciklusa dokumenta kako bi se osiguralo njihovo čuvanje. Stoga, da bi zadovoljio takve potrebe, vodič daje jednostavne i djelotvorne savjete. U zemljama u kojima NVO-i obavljaju aktivnosti kojima se država ne bavi, arhivsko gradivo NVO-a postaje neophodno za rekonstruiranje povijesti pojedinaca, institucija i populacije. U bivšim represivnim zemljama, gdje su javni arhivi nestali ili „očišćeni” , gradivo NVO-a je među rijetkim izvorima informacija koje žrtvama omogućuju bolje razumijevanje mehanizama represije i traženje prava na istinu i pomirenje. Vodič je realizacija preporuka ravnatelja državnih arhiva i predsjednika stručnih arhivskih udruga, koji su se 2001. g. okupili u Reykjaviku na XXXV. CITRA-i (International Conference of the Round Table on Archives), održanoj na temu sakupljanja i odabiranja gradiva suvremenog društva. U svjetlu rastuće uloge koju civilno društvo ima na međunarodnoj razini, i u svjetlu opasnosti za sigurno čuvanje zapisa NVO-a, briga i inicijativa MAV-a u potpunosti su opravdane i vrijedne hvale. Iza jedne naoko skromne ambicije krije se istinska odlučnost služenja građanima svijeta, radeći za veću transparentnost, dobru upravu i bolje očuvanje memorije ljudske vrste. Posebno mi je zadovoljstvo pozdraviti ovaj vodič kao izraz kontinuiranih napora MAV-a da sačuva pamćenje svijeta u svim njegovim neizmjernim raznolikostima.

Politics / Political Sciences --- Library and Information Science --- Archiving --- Electronic information storage and retrieval --- Civil Society