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A bold new religious history of the late antique and medieval Middle East that places ordinary Christians at the center of the storyIn the second half of the first millennium CE, the Christian Middle East fractured irreparably into competing churches and Arabs conquered the region, setting in motion a process that would lead to its eventual conversion to Islam. Jack Tannous argues that key to understanding these dramatic religious transformations are ordinary religious believers, often called "the simple" in late antique and medieval sources. Largely agrarian and illiterate, these Christians outnumbered Muslims well into the era of the Crusades, and yet they have typically been invisible in our understanding of the Middle East's history.What did it mean for Christian communities to break apart over theological disagreements that most people could not understand? How does our view of the rise of Islam change if we take seriously the fact that Muslims remained a demographic minority for much of the Middle Ages? In addressing these and other questions, Tannous provides a sweeping reinterpretation of the religious history of the medieval Middle East.This provocative book draws on a wealth of Greek, Syriac, and Arabic sources to recast these conquered lands as largely Christian ones whose growing Muslim populations are properly understood as converting away from and in competition with the non-Muslim communities around them.

Middle East --- Moyen Orient --- Religion --- 28 <5-011> --- 28 <5-011> Christelijke kerken, secten. Kristelijke kerken--(algemeen)--Nabije-Oosten. Midden-Oosten --- 28 <5-011> Les diverses Eglises chretiennes:--general--Nabije-Oosten. Midden-Oosten --- Christelijke kerken, secten. Kristelijke kerken--(algemeen)--Nabije-Oosten. Midden-Oosten --- Les diverses Eglises chretiennes:--general--Nabije-Oosten. Midden-Oosten --- Christians-Middle East-History. --- Middle East-Church history. --- Middle East-Religion-History-To 1500. --- RELIGION / Christianity / History. --- Abbasid Baghdad. --- Arab Muslim immigrants. --- Arab conquerors. --- Arab conquests. --- Arab encampments. --- Arabic. --- Chalcedonians. --- Christian Middle East. --- Christian authorities. --- Christian beliefs. --- Christian communities. --- Christian community. --- Christian confession. --- Christian doctrines. --- Christian education. --- Christian history. --- Christian identity. --- Christian leaders. --- Christian literature. --- Christian message. --- Christian movements. --- Christian schools. --- Christian tradition. --- Christianity. --- Christians. --- Christian–Muslim interaction. --- Christian–Muslim relations. --- Church of the East. --- Eucharist. --- Islam. --- Islamic history. --- Islamic tradition. --- Jacob of Edessa. --- Jews. --- Miaphysite church. --- Miaphysite. --- Miaphysites. --- Middle Ages. --- Middle East. --- Middle Eastern Christian. --- Muhammad. --- Muslim habitation. --- Muslim rule. --- Muslim tradition. --- Muslims. --- Prophet. --- Qenneshre. --- Roman Middle East. --- Roman Syria. --- Roman state. --- Syria. --- Syriac language. --- basic education. --- canons. --- church leaders. --- clergy. --- community formation. --- confessional allegiance. --- confessional indifference. --- continuities. --- cultural institutions. --- debate. --- doctrinal difference. --- doctrinal theology. --- educational institutions. --- family connections. --- garrison cities. --- intercultural exchange. --- learned philosophers. --- literacy. --- material benefits. --- medieval Middle East. --- military upheaval. --- monasteries. --- non-Muslims. --- political discontinuity. --- political power. --- post-Chalcedonian. --- religious believers. --- religious claims. --- religious competition. --- religious conversion. --- religious difference. --- religious diversity. --- religious dynamics. --- religious framework. --- religious minority. --- religious motivation. --- religious questions. --- religious tradition. --- religious traditions. --- rival churches. --- sacraments. --- salaf. --- shared experiences. --- shared settings. --- simple Christians. --- simple Muslims. --- simple believer. --- simple believers. --- simple faith. --- simplicity. --- theological literacy. --- theological speculation. --- translations. --- violence.