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Dans quelle mesure notre langue maternelle conditionne-elle notre pratique d’une langue étrangère ? Quelles sont les marques observables que cette langue maternelle laisse dans notre discours dans une autre langue et de quoi dépendent-elles? Ces questions servent de point de départ du présent travail qui, au moyen d'une enquête sociolinguistique menée auprès de locuteurs hispanophones et francophones, tente d’y apporter des réponses. Dans quelle mesure l’aisance communicationnelle dans une langue étrangère, le contexte de la pratique ou encore le discours métalinguistique déterminent-ils le degré d’influence de la langue maternelle ? Le pari de ce travail est d’accorder une place à la composante sociale dans la problématique de l’influence linguistique, ainsi que de proposer une nouvelle analyse à la lumière des informations contextuelles de la production linguistique en langue étrangère.

linguistic influence --- second language proficiency --- bilinguism --- foreign language communication --- Arts & sciences humaines > Langues & linguistique

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language teaching --- language learning --- language assessment --- language proficiency --- second language education --- Language and education --- Educational linguistics --- Education --- Language and languages --- Language and education.

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The decision of whether or not to migrate has far-reaching consequences for the lives of individuals and their families. But the very nature of this choice makes identifying the impacts of migration difficult, since it is hard to measure a credible counterfactual of what the person and their household would have been doing had migration not occurred. Migration experiments provide a clear and credible way for identifying this counterfactual, and thereby allowing causal estimation of the impacts of migration. The authors provide an overview and critical review of the three strands of this approach: policy experiments, natural experiments, and researcher-led field experiments. The purpose is to introduce readers to the need for this approach, give examples of where it has been applied in practice, and draw out lessons for future work in this area.

Access to Finance --- Anthropology --- Consequences of migration --- Culture and Development --- Debt Markets --- Family members --- Family ties --- Finance and Financial Sector Development --- Health, Nutrition and Population --- Immigration --- Impact of migration --- Job opportunities --- Labor supply --- Language proficiency --- Lives of individuals --- Macroeconomics and Economic Growth --- Mental health --- Migrant --- Migrants --- Migration --- Policy research --- Policy research working paper --- Population Policies --- Progress --- Remittance --- Remittances --- Return migration --- Sex

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The implicit/ explicit distinction is central to our understanding of the nature of L2 acquisition. This book begins with an account of how this distinction applies to L2 learning, knowledge and instruction. It then reports a series of studies describing the development of a battery of tests providing relatively discrete measurements of L2 explicit/ implicit knowledge. These tests were then utilized to examine a number of key issues in SLA - the learning difficulty of different grammatical structures, the role of L2 implicit/ explicit knowledge in language proficiency, the relationship between learning experiences and learners’ language knowledge profiles, the metalinguistic knowledge of teacher trainees and the effects of different types of form-focused instruction on L2 acquisition. The book concludes with a consideration of how the tests can be further developed and applied in the study of L2 acquisition.

Psycholinguistics --- Sociolinguistics --- Language and languages --- Second language acquisition --- 800.7 --- Second language learning --- Language acquisition --- Foreign language study --- Language and education --- Language schools --- 800.7 Taalonderwijs. Taalverwerving --- Taalonderwijs. Taalverwerving --- Study and teaching --- Second language acquisition. --- Study and teaching. --- Language and languages Study and teaching --- Language and languages - Study and teaching --- L2 acquisition. --- L2 instruction. --- L2 teaching. --- SLA. --- Second Language Acquisition. --- explicit knowledge. --- explicit/implicit knowledge. --- foreign language learning. --- implicit knowledge. --- language learning. --- language proficiency. --- language teaching. --- language testing. --- learning grammar. --- teaching grammar.

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The authors examine the role of migration networks in determining self-selection patterns of Mexico-U.S. migration. They first present a simple theoretical framework showing how such networks impact on migration incentives at different education levels and, consequently, how they are likely to affect the expected skill composition of migration. Using survey data from Mexico, the authors then show that the probability of migration is increasing with education in communities with low migrant networks, but decreasing with education in communities with high migrant networks. This is consistent with positive self-selection of migrants being driven by high migration costs, and with negative self-selection of migrants being driven by lower returns to education in the U.S. than in Mexico.

Anthropology --- Communities & Human Settlements --- Culture & Development --- Finance and Financial Sector Development --- Financial Literacy --- Gender --- Gender and Social Development --- Health, Nutrition and Population --- Human Migrations and Resettlements --- Immigrants --- Immigration --- Important Policy --- Income Inequality --- Industry --- International Migration --- Job Opportunities --- Labor Market --- Language Proficiency --- Migrant --- Migrants --- Migration --- Number of Migrants --- Policy --- Policy Research --- Policy Research Working Paper --- Population --- Population Policies --- Poverty --- Progress --- Respect --- Skill Level --- Social Development --- Technology Industry --- Voluntary and Involuntary Resettlement