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This paper attempts to locate current theories about the " principle of charity " within a tradition of thought dealing with the anthropological problem : what is the right way to gain an understanding of other languages, other cultures, other languages ? Traditionally, the answer has been provided by a philosophical doctrine of common sense (all human beings share the same forms of exercising their rational powers). Quine's radical translator and Davidson's radical interprator belong to such a tradition, which does not seem to take into account the facts of human diversity. However, a common sense philosophy inspired by Vico and Wittgenstein should be able to make room both for " charity " (by means of a general common sense shared by all human beings) and for the diversity of forms of life (expressed in local particular common senses within each culture).

Ordinary-language philosophy.

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On a longtemps considéré Wittgenstein comme un anti-mentaliste qui niait l'existence ou l'intérêt des processus ou états mentaux. En réalité il lutte contre des mythes par exemple celui de l'intériorité et non pas contre le sujet intériorité. La seule façon d'échapper à l'emprise des mythes est de trouver une manière non mystifiante de parler de la vie mentale, donc d'étudier la grammaire de nos concepts psychologiques pour nous défaire des images incrustées dans notre langage.

Ordinary-language philosophy. --- Phenomenological psychology. --- Wittgenstein, Ludwig,

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Douze philosophes se sont réunis pour rendre hommage à leur aîné, le philosophe Jean-Claude Pariente, au chercheur, à l’enseignant, à l’ami. Sans être consacrées à l’œuvre même, dont la force inventive sera mesurée, en même temps que le style de réflexion qui lui est propre, à partir de l’esquisse de biographie intellectuelle donnée en ouverture, les études ici offertes à Jean-Claude Pariente rencontrent ses thèmes majeurs, dont le plus insistant est celui des problèmes que pose le langage. Ce n’est pas la moindre des vertus de cette œuvre que sa manière de philosopher librement, en montrant par l’exemple qu’il n’y a aucune obligation de choisir entre philosophie continentale et philosophie analytique, ni entre histoire de la philosophie et philosophie générale, si l’effort de rigueur et de clarté ne se relâche jamais, sans lesquelles il n’y a ni discussion possible ni donc philosophie digne de ce nom. Les textes ici rassemblés témoignent de cet effort constant, et la diversité des thèmes et perspectives, depuis la théorisation des catégories, des idées et des propositions jusqu’à des questions d’éthique et de philosophie politique, en passant par des discussions de logique et de phénoménologie, démontre à sa façon la précieuse liberté avec laquelle se poursuit aujourd’hui la recherche en philosophie.

Philosophie du langage --- Philosophie du langage. --- Language --- Philosophy --- Language - Philosophy

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A new form of philosophizing known as ordinary language philosophy took root in England after the Second World War, promising a fresh start and a way out of long-standing dead-end philosophical debates. Pioneered by Wittgenstein, Austin, and others, OLP is now widely rumored, within mainstream analytic philosophy, to have been seriously discredited, and consequently its perspective is ignored. Avner Baz begs to differ. In When Words Are Called For, he shows how the prevailing arguments against OLP collapse under close scrutiny. All of them, he claims, presuppose one version or another of the very conception of word-meaning that OLP calls into question and takes to be responsible for many traditional philosophical difficulties. Worse, analytic philosophy itself has suffered as a result of its failure to take OLP's perspective seriously. Baz blames a neglect of OLP's insights for seemingly irresolvable disputes over the methodological relevance of "intuitions" in philosophy and for misunderstandings between contextualists and anti-contextualists (or "invariantists") in epistemology. Baz goes on to explore the deep affinities between Kant's work and OLP and suggests ways that OLP could be applied to other philosophically troublesome concepts. When Words Are Called For defends OLP not as a doctrine but as a form of practice that might provide a viable alternative to work currently carried out within mainstream analytic philosophy. Accordingly, Baz does not merely argue for OLP but, all the more convincingly, practices it in this eye-opening book.

Ordinary-language philosophy. --- Language and languages --- Ordinary-language analysis --- Ordinary-language method --- Philosophy, Ordinary-language --- Analysis (Philosophy) --- Philosophy. --- Philosophy --- Ordinary-language philosophy --- Language and languages - Philosophy

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Psycholinguistics --- Language. --- Languages --- Dialect --- Dialects --- Language and logic --- Inference --- Reasoning --- Ordinary-language philosophy --- Language