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The research studies included in this Special Issue highlight the fundamental contribution of the knowledge of environmental history to conscious and efficient environment conservation and management. The long-term perspective of the dynamics that govern the human–climate ecosystem is becoming one of the main focuses of interest in biological and earth system sciences. Multidisciplinary bio-geo-archaeo investigations into the underlying processes of human impact on the landscape are crucial to envisage possible future scenarios of biosphere responses to global warming and biodiversity losses. This Special Issue seeks to engage an interdisciplinary dialog on the dynamic interactions between nature and society, focusing on long-term environmental data as an essential tool for better-informed landscape management decisions to achieve an equilibrium between conservation and sustainable resource exploitation.

oasis --- Late Holocene --- n/a --- DISP --- spatio-temporal pattern --- medieval age --- Tarim Basin --- forestland governance --- arable land --- Côte d’Ivoire --- landscape change --- landscape change index --- livestock --- middle and lower reaches of Shule River Basin --- human-induced --- land use change --- vegetation change --- land cover --- climate change --- Deforestation --- mitigation --- eco-fragile area --- development --- native forest --- agricultural oasis expansion --- cities --- central Spain --- wetland --- vegetation cover --- urbanization --- human activity intensity --- sustainability --- dike-ponds --- case study --- army --- palaeoenvironmental reconstruction --- paleoecology --- farming radius --- peace --- landscape transformation --- Shunde District --- archaeological sites --- late Holocene --- NPPs --- pollen --- soil carbon --- NDVI --- Costa Rica --- land politics --- historical land-cover/use change --- grasslands --- land use --- land reconstruction --- China --- land-use intensity --- Northeast China --- resilience --- landscape dynamics --- palaeoecology --- political tradition --- forest landscape --- African politics --- pasture indicators --- land use changes --- Landsat --- mid-mountains --- climate --- RESTREND --- driving forces --- carbon neutral --- Mediterranean --- environment --- Horqin Sandy Land --- southern Italy --- land-use degree --- flood management --- Côte d'Ivoire

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Landscape is central to tourism. It is key to the development, marketing/promotion, and consumption of tourism destinations, to triggering and sustaining tourism markets, and to enticing tourist dreams, fantasies, and behaviors. From ‘sight-seeing’ practices—at the basis of all tourism activities—landscape figures prominently all the way to the overall spatial planning and management of a destination for tourism development. The intertwined relationship between tourism and landscape comes with a series of costs and benefits, in the context of tourism landscapes. Landscapes of tourism reflect and stage recreational trends, multifunctional livelihood systems, conflicts and opportunities for employment and income generation, as well as human, cultural, and natural resource management and use. This Special Issue aims to enhance the interdisciplinary scientific dialogue on these issues and challenges, while highlighting their range and significance for tourism and the landscape, in terms of theory, empirical practice, approach, policy, ethics, and future prospects. Some of the questions posed for consideration here are: What are landscapes of tourism, for whom and how/why? What is the role of the landscape in tourism promotion, attraction, and experience? How does tourism affect the landscape? What lessons do the history and geography of tourism have to offer to tourism landscape stewardship? How may we best plan for and manage the landscape in the context of various forms of tourism growth and spread, at various scales? Scholarly advances in the past few decades have steadily built on a diverse—but spread-out and not adequately connected—bibliographical basis for future research. Much remains to be understood and exchanged as landscape and tourism—two highly complex and multifaceted scientific areas—come together in the scope of this Special Issue in a variety of ways across time, space, and culture.

Humanities --- Social interaction --- resilience --- island tourism --- social-ecological systems --- protected area management --- landscapes --- deliberativeness --- social inclusion --- community engagement --- inclusiveness --- Baltic coast --- coastal resorts --- cultural landscape --- development of seaside resorts --- tourism architecture --- tourism development --- mountain destination --- dynamic landscape --- heterogeneity --- geological time --- anthropogenic modification --- North Japan Alps --- mining heritage --- landscape --- smart tourist promotion --- scenic values --- land consolidation association (LCA) --- tourism --- land fragmentation --- north-west of Italy --- bibliometric analysis --- Web of Science --- SciMAT --- VOSviewer --- sustainability --- campus tourism --- multi-scale perspectives --- color landscapes --- Wangjiang Campus --- thermal landscapes --- landscape services --- architecture-and-landscape integration --- seaside resorts --- cultural tourism attractiveness --- landscape conservation --- hierarchical framework --- Chinese historic districts --- multifunctionality --- rural tourism --- local development --- landscape design --- synergistic plans --- multiple functions --- peri-urban village --- landscapes of tourism --- conceptualization --- experts --- Europe --- tourist landscape --- bibliographic analyses --- content analysis --- imaginary --- cultural heritage site --- cultural conflict --- local communities --- assessment --- geo-interpretation --- geosite value --- geosite cluster --- geotourism --- landscape transformation --- impacts of tourism on the landscape --- sustainable tourism --- Slovakia --- n/a

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Landscape is central to tourism. It is key to the development, marketing/promotion, and consumption of tourism destinations, to triggering and sustaining tourism markets, and to enticing tourist dreams, fantasies, and behaviors. From ‘sight-seeing’ practices—at the basis of all tourism activities—landscape figures prominently all the way to the overall spatial planning and management of a destination for tourism development. The intertwined relationship between tourism and landscape comes with a series of costs and benefits, in the context of tourism landscapes. Landscapes of tourism reflect and stage recreational trends, multifunctional livelihood systems, conflicts and opportunities for employment and income generation, as well as human, cultural, and natural resource management and use. This Special Issue aims to enhance the interdisciplinary scientific dialogue on these issues and challenges, while highlighting their range and significance for tourism and the landscape, in terms of theory, empirical practice, approach, policy, ethics, and future prospects. Some of the questions posed for consideration here are: What are landscapes of tourism, for whom and how/why? What is the role of the landscape in tourism promotion, attraction, and experience? How does tourism affect the landscape? What lessons do the history and geography of tourism have to offer to tourism landscape stewardship? How may we best plan for and manage the landscape in the context of various forms of tourism growth and spread, at various scales? Scholarly advances in the past few decades have steadily built on a diverse—but spread-out and not adequately connected—bibliographical basis for future research. Much remains to be understood and exchanged as landscape and tourism—two highly complex and multifaceted scientific areas—come together in the scope of this Special Issue in a variety of ways across time, space, and culture.

resilience --- island tourism --- social-ecological systems --- protected area management --- landscapes --- deliberativeness --- social inclusion --- community engagement --- inclusiveness --- Baltic coast --- coastal resorts --- cultural landscape --- development of seaside resorts --- tourism architecture --- tourism development --- mountain destination --- dynamic landscape --- heterogeneity --- geological time --- anthropogenic modification --- North Japan Alps --- mining heritage --- landscape --- smart tourist promotion --- scenic values --- land consolidation association (LCA) --- tourism --- land fragmentation --- north-west of Italy --- bibliometric analysis --- Web of Science --- SciMAT --- VOSviewer --- sustainability --- campus tourism --- multi-scale perspectives --- color landscapes --- Wangjiang Campus --- thermal landscapes --- landscape services --- architecture-and-landscape integration --- seaside resorts --- cultural tourism attractiveness --- landscape conservation --- hierarchical framework --- Chinese historic districts --- multifunctionality --- rural tourism --- local development --- landscape design --- synergistic plans --- multiple functions --- peri-urban village --- landscapes of tourism --- conceptualization --- experts --- Europe --- tourist landscape --- bibliographic analyses --- content analysis --- imaginary --- cultural heritage site --- cultural conflict --- local communities --- assessment --- geo-interpretation --- geosite value --- geosite cluster --- geotourism --- landscape transformation --- impacts of tourism on the landscape --- sustainable tourism --- Slovakia --- n/a

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Landscape is central to tourism. It is key to the development, marketing/promotion, and consumption of tourism destinations, to triggering and sustaining tourism markets, and to enticing tourist dreams, fantasies, and behaviors. From ‘sight-seeing’ practices—at the basis of all tourism activities—landscape figures prominently all the way to the overall spatial planning and management of a destination for tourism development. The intertwined relationship between tourism and landscape comes with a series of costs and benefits, in the context of tourism landscapes. Landscapes of tourism reflect and stage recreational trends, multifunctional livelihood systems, conflicts and opportunities for employment and income generation, as well as human, cultural, and natural resource management and use. This Special Issue aims to enhance the interdisciplinary scientific dialogue on these issues and challenges, while highlighting their range and significance for tourism and the landscape, in terms of theory, empirical practice, approach, policy, ethics, and future prospects. Some of the questions posed for consideration here are: What are landscapes of tourism, for whom and how/why? What is the role of the landscape in tourism promotion, attraction, and experience? How does tourism affect the landscape? What lessons do the history and geography of tourism have to offer to tourism landscape stewardship? How may we best plan for and manage the landscape in the context of various forms of tourism growth and spread, at various scales? Scholarly advances in the past few decades have steadily built on a diverse—but spread-out and not adequately connected—bibliographical basis for future research. Much remains to be understood and exchanged as landscape and tourism—two highly complex and multifaceted scientific areas—come together in the scope of this Special Issue in a variety of ways across time, space, and culture.

Humanities --- Social interaction --- resilience --- island tourism --- social-ecological systems --- protected area management --- landscapes --- deliberativeness --- social inclusion --- community engagement --- inclusiveness --- Baltic coast --- coastal resorts --- cultural landscape --- development of seaside resorts --- tourism architecture --- tourism development --- mountain destination --- dynamic landscape --- heterogeneity --- geological time --- anthropogenic modification --- North Japan Alps --- mining heritage --- landscape --- smart tourist promotion --- scenic values --- land consolidation association (LCA) --- tourism --- land fragmentation --- north-west of Italy --- bibliometric analysis --- Web of Science --- SciMAT --- VOSviewer --- sustainability --- campus tourism --- multi-scale perspectives --- color landscapes --- Wangjiang Campus --- thermal landscapes --- landscape services --- architecture-and-landscape integration --- seaside resorts --- cultural tourism attractiveness --- landscape conservation --- hierarchical framework --- Chinese historic districts --- multifunctionality --- rural tourism --- local development --- landscape design --- synergistic plans --- multiple functions --- peri-urban village --- landscapes of tourism --- conceptualization --- experts --- Europe --- tourist landscape --- bibliographic analyses --- content analysis --- imaginary --- cultural heritage site --- cultural conflict --- local communities --- assessment --- geo-interpretation --- geosite value --- geosite cluster --- geotourism --- landscape transformation --- impacts of tourism on the landscape --- sustainable tourism --- Slovakia

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In 2020, a Special Issue titled “Sustainable Rural Development: Strategies, Good Practices and Opportunities” was launched, in which 16 papers were published. The aim of this monograph was to study a problem that is occurring on a global scale and, above all, in the most developed countries, which is the population emigration from rural areas to urban areas due to the labour and service opportunities offered by the latter. This is causing a demographic deterioration of rural areas, and those that remain show high rates of ageing, masculinisation, or low demographic growth. In addition, and interrelated with this demographic deterioration, there is economic and environmental degradation. Rural areas are territories with increasingly lower purchasing power, job opportunities, and services for the population, which are classified as “spaces in crisis”. The papers in this Special Issue evidence the many public and private strategies that are being pursued to achieve sustainable rural development in declining areas. The diversity of approaches offer a vision of the practical application and the obstacles or difficulties that many of them are having to achieve their objectives. All of these strategies are intended to achieve economic dynamism that is respectful of the environment and from there to be able to reduce the regressive demographic processes in rural areas. These are different approaches that allow us to contribute, from scientific, holistic, and multidisciplinary knowledge, and they can help decision making in public policy and planning strategies.

industrial land --- price --- geographically weighted regression model --- driving factors --- rural land system reform pilot --- land lease market --- decision making --- forest market factors --- rural land rights --- China --- hunting tourism --- natural protected area --- sustainable development --- land use change --- analyze --- Shortandy district --- smart villages --- EU instruments --- rural decline --- rural areas --- information and communication technologies --- rural residential construction --- rainwater harvesting --- solar --- spray foam --- finger-jointed studs --- Proder Program --- management system --- economic diversification --- bottom-up approach --- regional identity --- territorial heritage --- rural areas in decline --- rural enhancement --- top-down approach --- collaborative governance --- low-density populated areas --- sustainable urban growth --- technological era --- complex spatial models --- land-use planning --- sustainable rural development --- regional composite indicators --- vulnerability --- ecosystem services --- goal programming --- analytic hierarchy process --- data envelopment analysis --- Spain --- accessibility --- GIS --- partnerships --- population --- rural territory --- territorial planning --- neo-endogenous rural development --- LEADER approach --- classification and types of rural areas --- good practices --- rural depopulation and aging --- young and female entrepreneurs --- entrepreneurship --- funded and unfunded projects --- Andalusia --- rural landscape --- intensive agriculture --- landscape transformation --- socioeconomic and environmental impacts --- agroecological production --- public institutions --- rurality --- fishing tourism --- European fishing funds --- Galicia (Spain) --- local action group --- rural development --- industrial district --- local productive system --- rural district --- n/a