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It is increasingly being recognized that land use and land cover changes driven by anthropogenic pressures are impacting terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems and their services, human society, and human livelihoods and well-being. This Special Issue contains 12 original papers covering various issues related to land use and land use changes in various parts of the world (see references), with the purpose of providing a forum to exchange ideas and progress in related areas. Research topics include land use targets, dynamic modelling and mapping using satellite images, pressures from energy production, deforestation, impacts on ecosystem services, aboveground biomass evaluation, and investigations on libraries of legends and classification systems.

Environmental monitoring --- savannah --- multifunctionality --- protected areas --- conservation --- airborne laser scanning --- aboveground woody biomass --- CORINE land cover --- mapping of changes --- GIS tools --- land cover flows --- Low Tatras National Park --- land use and land cover --- ecosystem service value --- Google Earth Engine (GEE) --- forest fragmentation --- transboundary landscape --- Himalaya --- land-cover change --- MSPA --- cluster analysis --- land use management --- synthesis of land use/land cover definitions --- meta-analysis studies in land use/land cover --- challenges and knowledge gaps in land use/land cover assessments --- literature review --- land use change --- modeling --- scenario --- deforestation --- DINAMICA EGO --- PFBC landscapes --- Democratic Republic of the Congo --- tree diversity --- ecosystem resilience --- native tree --- urban environment --- urbanization --- land cover --- land use --- change mapping --- land use pressures --- energy production --- forestry --- caatinga domain --- digital classification --- remote sensing --- land consumption --- land re-naturalization --- developed land recycling --- urban land use efficiency --- interoperability --- standards --- geospatial --- semantic ontology --- harmonization --- classification --- urban growth --- land cover change --- driving forces --- n/a

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The expansion of urban areas has facilitated the conversion of undeveloped lands, which has led to environmental degradation, such as loss of habitats, hydro-modification, and the collapse of existing ecosystems. Recent climate change has exacerbated these damages by causing more frequent and serious hazards. To attenuate the impacts of urbanization and the negative effects of climate change, green infrastructure (GI) planning (e.g., nature-based strategies, technologies, policies, and solutions) has arisen as an important approach for balancing urban development and nature. GI offers a variety of benefits to our cities by reducing stormwater runoff, heat waves, and air pollution; expanding wildlife habitats; and increasing recreational opportunities and even nearby property values.

stormwater management --- urban heat island --- cost–benefit analysis --- ecosystem services --- urban green infrastructure --- green infrastructure --- indexing --- random forest --- interpretation of machine learning --- urbanization --- shapley additive explanation --- park characteristic --- extreme gradient boost --- Dallas --- land use land cover --- construction site --- particulate matter emissions --- emission factor --- prediction technology --- urban shrinkage --- vacancy parcel data --- multilevel analysis --- predicting vacancy --- access inequity --- systematic mapping --- empirical studies --- city scale --- inequity mitigation

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Global warming and population growth have resulted in an increase in the intensity of natural and anthropogenic stressors. Investigating the complex nature of environmental problems requires the integration of different environmental processes across major components of the environment, including water, climate, ecology, air, and land. Cumulative effects assessment (CEA) not only includes analyzing and modeling environmental changes, but also supports planning alternatives that promote environmental monitoring and management.Disjointed and narrowly focused environmental management approaches have proved dissatisfactory. The adoption of integrated modelling approaches has sparked interests in the development of frameworks which may be used to investigate the processes of individual environmental component and the ways they interact with each other. Integrated modelling systems and frameworks are often the only way to take into account the important environmental processes and interactions, relevant spatial and temporal scales, and feedback mechanisms of complex systems for CEA.This book examines the ways in which interactions and relationships between environmental components are understood, paying special attention to climate, land, water quantity and quality, and both anthropogenic and natural stressors. It reviews modelling approaches for each component and reviews existing integrated modelling systems for CEA. Finally, it proposes an integrated modelling framework and provides perspectives on future research avenues for cumulative effects assessment.

Environmental impact analysis. --- Cumulative effects assessment (Environmental assessment) --- Hydrology. --- Aquatic sciences --- Earth sciences --- Hydrography --- Water --- Environmental impact analysis --- Assessment of cumulative environmental effects --- Cumulative environmental effects assessment --- Environmental auditing --- Environmental monitoring --- Environmental protection --- Analysis of environmental impact --- Environmental assessment --- Environmental impact assessment --- Environmental impact evaluation --- Impact analysis, Environmental --- Athabasca Region. --- Athabasca River. --- Environmental problems. --- acidification. --- air quality. --- anthropogenetic stressors. --- applied modeling system. --- applied modelling. --- atmospheric deposition. --- climate change. --- cumulative effects assessment. --- environmental analysis. --- environmental impact assessment. --- environmental model. --- environmental modelling framework. --- environmental modelling. --- environmental planning. --- ground water interaction. --- groundwater. --- hydrodynamics. --- hydrology. --- integrated model. --- integrated modelling. --- land use/land cover. --- load allocation. --- natural stressors. --- surface water interaction. --- surface water. --- water allocation. --- water quality. --- watershed.

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In response to the increasing urbanization, advances in the science of urban hydrology have improved urban water system management, creating more livable cities in which public safety and health, as well as the environment, are protected. The ultimate goal of urban water management is to mimic the hydrological cycle prior to urbanization. On top of urbanization, climate change, which has been demonstrated to alter the hydrological cycle in all respects, has introduced additional challenges to managing urban water systems. To mitigate and adapt to urbanization under a changing climate, understanding key hydrologic components should expand to include complex issues brought forth by climate change. Thus, effective and efficient measures can be formulated. This Special Issue of Water presents a variety of research papers that span a range of spatial and temporal scales of relevance in different societies’ efforts in adapting to the eminent changes in climate and the continuous changes in the landscape. From mitigating water quality in permeable pavements and bioretention swales to understanding changes in groundwater recharge in large regions, this Special Issue examines the state-of-the-art in sustainable urban design for adaptation and resiliency.

Technology: general issues --- permeable asphalt --- heavy metal --- leaching behavior --- MSWI-BAA --- stormwater --- low impact development --- sustainable urban drainage systems --- stormwater modelling --- urban development --- GIS --- SAW --- decision-making --- strategic planning --- spatial analysis --- stormwater quality --- fecal coliforms --- Vancouver Island --- nearshore areas --- bacteria loading --- multinomial logistic regression --- periodicity analysis --- land use impacts --- climate impacts --- green roof --- energy performance --- heat island effect --- bio-retention --- green infrastructure --- runoff control performance --- storm inlet hydraulics --- flow distribution hydraulics --- climate change --- urbanization --- urban runoff --- Toronto --- Montreal --- Vancouver --- flooding --- geospatial modeling --- groundwater level --- trends --- non-stationarity --- climate variability --- land use/land cover change --- developing cities --- n/a

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This book is relevant to architects, urban designers, planners, and policy makers concerned with enhancing climate-sensitive urban form and planning. It discusses building and neighborhood design: layout and design features that maximize energy efficiency and thermal comfort without compromising the ability of other buildings to enjoy similar benefits; the use of interstitial spaces (piazzas, streets, and parks) to improve the microclimate at the neighbourhood-level; design intervention case studies; innovative uses of interstitial spaces to improve the local climate at the neighborhood level; and urban radiative cooling solutions to mitigate the unintended climate consequences of urban growth and suggestions for ways forward.

cooling effect --- urban park --- thermal comfort --- physiological equivalent temperature --- perceived thermal comfort --- urban heat island --- air temperature --- sustainable cities --- smart cities --- urban health --- global warming --- urban green spaces --- sustainable urban development --- climate change mitigation and adaptation --- urban resilience  --- heatwaves --- urban overheating --- urban heat island intensity --- energy budget equation --- sensible heat flux --- latent heat flux --- advective heat flux --- Australian climatic conditions --- coastal cities --- desert climate --- surface urban heat island effect --- land use/land cover --- partial least square regression --- nonlinear programming --- Shanghai --- China --- urban form --- urban microclimate design --- city --- sustainability --- sustainable development --- cool roof --- passive radiative cooling --- metamaterials --- prototype