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City planning. --- Construction --- Legislation --- Land acquisition

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Right of way acquisition --- Property condemnation --- Land acquisition

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Zimbabwe's Fast Track Land Reform provides new, in-depth and much-needed empirical research on Zimbabwe?s highly contested land reform programme. It examines how processes such as land acquisition, allocation, transitional production outcomes, social life, gender and tenure have influenced and been influenced by the forces driving the programme. Based on a broader geographical scope than any previous study, this is a landmark work on a subject of considerable controversy.

Land reform --- Development studies --- History. --- Agrarian reform --- Economic policy --- Land use, Rural --- Social policy --- Agriculture and state --- Land ownership --- Land acquisition --- Land tenure --- Land allotment --- Agricultural production --- Agricultural investment --- Small farms --- Farmers --- Legal status --- Property rights --- Women's rights --- Zimbabwe

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Women make essential contributions to agriculture in developing countries, where they constitute approximately 43 percent of the agricultural labor force. However, female farmers typically have lower output per unit of land and are much less likely to be active in commercial farming than their male counterparts. These gender differences in land productivity and participation between male and female farmers are due to gender differences in access to inputs, resources, and services. In this paper, the authors review the evidence on productivity differences and access to resources. They discuss some of the reasons for these differences, such as differences in property rights, education, control over resources (e.g., land), access to inputs and services (e.g., fertilizer, extension, and credit), and social norms. Although women are less active in commercial farming and are largely excluded from contract farming, they often provide the bulk of wage labor in the nontraditional export sector. In general, gender gaps do not appear to fall systematically with growth, and they appear to rise with GDP per capita and with greater access to resources and inputs. Active policies that support women's access and participation, not just greater overall access, are essential if these gaps are to be closed. The gains in terms of greater productivity of land and overall production are likely to be large.

Anthropology --- Chemical fertilizers --- Economic efficiency --- Finance and Financial Sector Development --- Gender and Development --- Gender and Health --- Gender and Law --- Land acquisition --- Macroeconomics and Economic Growth --- Mecanization use --- Rural Development Knowledge & Information Systems --- Yield Differences

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Examines the effects of large-scale biofuel production, seen as having a positive impact on African national economies and greenhouse gases. Finds negative implications as well, especially in developmental and environmental areas.

National wealth --- Third World: agricultural and food problems --- Africa --- Energy crops industry --- Land use, Rural --- Food security --- Biofuels. --- Natural resources. --- Food security. --- Africa. --- Biobränslen --- Naturresurser --- Social Sciences and Humanities. Economics --- Social aspects --- Environmental Economics --- Natural Resource Economics. --- Rural land use --- Land use --- Agriculture --- Food deserts --- Food insecurity --- Insecurity, Food --- Security, Food --- Human security --- Food supply --- Agricultural industries --- Biomass energy industries --- Biomass energy --- Development studies --- Fuels --- Natural resources --- Renewable energy sources --- Energy crops --- Industrial crops --- Foreign investment --- Agricultural investment --- Land acquisition --- Rural areas --- Rural population --- Smallholders --- Agricultural land --- Land tenure --- Agricultural policy --- Property rights --- Africa south of Sahara --- Biocarburants --- Aliments --- Sol, Utilisation agricole du --- Propriété foncière --- Aspect social --- Afrique noire --- 1960-.... --- Approvisionnement