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This publication examines how drug originator manufacturers manage to shield their products from competition. It characterizes the pharmaceutical industry in detail and analyzes actions that violate antitrust laws in the USA and/or the European Union. The publication examines, for example, pay-for-delay strategies, market foreclosure, resale price maintenance, but also mergers and acquisitions, while taking into account market specificities such as the unique research and development process. The study explains why drug prices sometimes remain at elevated levels even after the drug’s patent protection has expired. Knowing the characteristics of such anticompetitive strategies helps customers such as health insurance companies to develop effective counter-strategies. Contents • Overview of Antitrust and Competition Issues • Vertical Restraints under Parallel Trade • Competitive Restraints under Reference Pricing Target Groups • Scholars and students of economics and business administration with a focus on pharmacoeconomics and competition law • Executives and consultants in health insurance companies and regulatory institutions About the Author Ann-Kathrin Lehnhausen, M.Sc. in Business Administration and M.A. in Economics, worked at Justus-Liebig-University Giessen as teaching asssistant during her studies. After her graduation she started working as junior sales manager, responsible for API Exports, at a pharmaceutical company, where she combines her interest in economics with her interest in the pharmaceutical market.

Economic policy and planning (general) --- Hygiene. Public health. Protection --- Organization theory --- Production management --- Business management --- economische politiek --- management --- gezondheidseconomie --- informatietechnologie --- Management. --- Health economics. --- Economic policy. --- Innovation/Technology Management. --- Health Economics. --- Economic Policy. --- pharmaceutical industry --- competition --- restriction on competition --- Administration --- Industrial relations --- Organization --- Economic nationalism --- Economic planning --- National planning --- State planning --- Economics --- Planning --- National security --- Social policy --- Economics, Medical --- Health --- Health economics --- Hygiene --- Medical care --- Medicine --- ограничување на конкуренцијата --- konkurencijos ribojimas --- ograničavanje tržišnoga natjecanja --- concurrentiebeperking --- omezování soutěže --- restrizzjoni tal-kompetizzjoni --- Wettbewerbsbeschränkung --- ograniczenia konkurencji --- restricción de la competencia --- konkurences ierobežojums --- restrizione alla concorrenza --- restricționarea concurenței --- omejevanje konkurence --- konkurrensbegränsning --- ограничавање конкуренције --- restriction à la concurrence --- ограничение на конкуренцията --- kilpailun rajoittaminen --- restrição de concorrência --- kufizim mbi konkurrencën --- περιορισμός του ανταγωνισμού --- konkurentsi piiramine --- obmedzenie hospodárskej súťaže --- konkurrencebegrænsning --- versenykorlátozás --- nekalé obchodní praktiky --- nem megengedett kereskedelmi gyakorlat --- practică comercială ilegală --- unerlaubter Wettbewerb --- discriminatory trading practice --- verfälschter Wettbewerb --- práctica comercial restrictiva --- konkurentsi kahjustamine --- νοθευμένος ανταγωνισμός --- concorrenza falsata --- restrizione alla libertà di concorrenza --- unlauterer Wettbewerb --- restrictieve handelspraktijk --- competencia imperfecta --- pratica commerciale restrittiva --- shtrembërim i konkurrencës --- concorrenza illecita --- pratica commerciale limitativa --- illegális kereskedelmi magatartás --- prática comercial restritiva --- pratica commerciale abusiva --- concurrentievervalsing --- denaturarea concurenței --- restrizione di concorrenza --- práctica comercial abusiva --- concorrenza imperfetta --- pratique commerciale discriminatoire --- diskriminacinė prekybos praktika --- illojal konkurrens --- nesąžininga konkurencija --- στρέβλωση του ανταγωνισμού --- tiltott versenymagatartás --- pratique commerciale abusive --- laittomat kaupankäyntitavat --- comportamento anticoncorrenziale --- αθέμιτος ανταγωνισμός --- oneerlijke concurrentie --- forvansket konkurrence --- konkurrenceforvridning --- καταχρηστική εμπορική πρακτική --- zkreslení soutěže --- práctica comercial discriminadora --- seadusevastane kaubandustegevus --- negodīga tirdzniecības prakse --- concorrência ilícita --- konkurentsi moonutamine --- ongeoorloofde concurrentie --- syrjivä kaupankäynti --- αθέμιτη εμπορική πρακτική --- falsa concorrência --- ebaaus konkurents --- illoyal konkurrence --- narušenie hospodárskej súťaže --- wettbewerbswidrige Praktiken --- práctica comercial desleal --- ατελής ανταγωνισμός --- concorrência imperfeita --- unfair trade practice --- distorsión de la competencia --- concurrence imparfaite --- distorsione della concorrenza --- prática comercial discriminatória --- practică comercială discriminatorie --- konkurencijos apribojimas --- jogellenes kereskedelmi gyakorlat --- konkurrencë e padrejtë --- ufuldkommen konkurrence --- konkurencijos iškreipimas --- concurență neloială --- onvolkomen concurrentie --- konkurences traucējumi --- nelojalna konkurencija --- illegal trade practice --- concurrence illicite --- nezákonné obchodní praktiky --- дискриминаторна деловна практика --- praktikë tregtare diskriminuese --- kõlvatu konkurents --- nekalá soutěž --- prática comercial abusiva --- diskriminējoša tirdzniecības prakse --- distorsione artificiale della concorrenza --- diszkriminatív kereskedelmi gyakorlat --- нарушена конкуренција --- nesąžininga prekybos praktika --- missbräuchliche Handelspraktiken --- discriminerende handelspraktijk --- ograničavanje konkurencije --- pratique commerciale déloyale --- uretmæssig konkurrence --- diskriminierende Handelspraktiken --- Wettbewerbsverzerrung --- competencia desleal --- distortion of competition --- a versenyhelyzet torzulása --- neteisėta prekybos praktika --- nelikumīga tirdzniecības prakse --- concorrência desleal --- verseny torzulása --- otillbörligt handelsbruk --- pratica commerciale sleale --- competencia ilícita --- prática comercial desleal --- megkülönböztető kereskedelmi gyakorlat --- onzuivere concurrentie --- konkurrenssnedvridning --- ebaõiglane kaubandustegevus --- εμπορική πρακτική που εισάγει διακρίσεις --- oneerlijke handelspraktijk --- wederrechtelijke handelspraktijk --- vilpilliset kaupankäyntitavat --- нарушување на конкуренцијата --- konkurrencemisbrug --- concorrenza distorta --- unfair competition --- practică comercială neloială --- otillåtna affärsmetoder --- praktikë e padrejtë e tregtisë --- konkurences ierobežošana --- nekalá súťaž --- vilpillinen kilpailu --- concurrence déloyale --- concorrenza sleale --- unvollkommene Konkurrenz --- fordrejet konkurrence --- nekalé obchodné postupy --- praktikë e paligjshme e tregtisë --- несовршена конкуренција --- imperfekt konkurrence --- negodīga konkurence --- distorção de concorrência --- περιοριστική εμπορική πρακτική --- restriktive Handelspraktiken --- diskrimineeriv kaubandustegevus --- competencia falseada --- unvollkommener Wettbewerb --- нечесна трговија --- diskriminační obchodní praktiky --- nezákonné obchodné postupy --- tisztességtelen kereskedelmi magatartás --- unlautere Handelspraktiken --- pratique commerciale restrictive --- distorsion de la concurrence --- kilpailun vääristyminen --- ofullständig konkurrens --- diskriminačný obchodný postup --- olovlig konkurrens --- pratica commerciale discriminatoria --- nepošteno tržišno natjecanje --- concurență --- ανταγωνισμός --- konkurencja --- Wettbewerb --- soutěž --- konkurencia --- конкуренция --- concurrentie --- tržišno natjecanje --- concorrência --- kilpailu --- kompetizzjoni --- iomaíocht --- competencia --- concurrence --- konkurrencë --- konkurenca --- konkurrence --- konkurents --- конкуренција --- konkurencija --- concorrenza --- konkurrens --- konkurence --- verseny --- principio della concorrenza --- condição de concorrência --- mededinging --- konkurrencevilkår --- concorrenza praticabile --- concorrenza effettiva --- posizione concorrenziale --- ефективна конкуренција --- condizioni di concorrenza --- начела на конкуренција --- услови на конкуренција --- конкурентска позиција --- medicinalindustri --- indústria farmacêutica --- farmacijos pramonė --- farmācijas rūpniecība --- farmaceutický průmysl --- фармацевтична промишленост --- läkemedelsindustri --- industria farmaceutica --- industri farmaceutike --- φαρμακοβιομηχανία --- pharmazeutische Industrie --- фармацевтска индустрија --- farmaceutska industrija --- lääketeollisuuus --- industria farmaceutică --- industrie pharmaceutique --- farmaceutische industrie --- farmaceutický priemysel --- industrija farmaċewtika --- farmaatsiatööstus --- farmacevtska industrija --- gyógyszeripar --- фармацеутска индустрија --- przemysł farmaceutyczny --- industria farmacéutica --- lääkkeiden valmistaminen --- фармацевтски производи --- ravimitööstus --- Pharmaindustrie --- farmaceutická produkce --- фармација --- βιομηχανία φαρμάκων --- lékárenský průmysl --- gyógyszergyártás --- pharmaceutical production --- farmaceutická výroba --- медикаменти --- produkce léků --- medicinalvareproduktion --- läkemedelsproduktion --- výroba léčiv --- Arzneimittelproduktion --- vaistų pramonė --- ravimite valmistamine --- лекови --- výroba léků --- farmaceutska proizvodnja --- farmācijas ražojumi --- prodhim farmaceutik --- farmaceutische productie --- produção farmacêutica --- production pharmaceutique --- producción farmacéutica --- výroba farmak --- produzione farmaceutica --- vaistų gamyba --- producție farmaceutică --- produkce farmak --- Economic aspects --- Industrial management. --- Business administration --- Business enterprises --- Corporate management --- Corporations --- Industrial administration --- Management, Industrial --- Rationalization of industry --- Scientific management --- Management --- Business --- Industrial organization --- Medical economics.

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Tout le monde est, a été et sera confronté à des clauses de non-concurrence dans sa vie professionnelle, que ce soit dans un contrat de travail, dans un contrat de fourniture de biens ou services, dans le cadre de la cession d’un fonds de commerce ou autres. Les clauses de non-concurrence sont omniprésentes dans la vie des affaires et visent à protéger tant des connaissances, que des savoir-faire, ou qu’une clientèle. Cependant, leur régime peut se montrer complexe, épars voire déroutant pour les professionnels qui y sont confrontés. En effet, la jurisprudence abondante en droit du travail et l’absence de régime général en droit économique rendent cette matière difficilement accessible. Le présent ouvrage vise à apporter des réponses pratiques aux questions variées que le lecteur, praticien du droit ou non, sera susceptible de se poser dans cette matière. Les auteurs analysent la matière de manière transversale par le biais de 75 questions (56 questions et 19 sous-questions) qui concernent tant les clauses de non-concurrence en droit du travail qu’en droit économique.Des conditions de forme à respecter en droit du travail au régime spécifique du contrat d’agence commerciale, en passant par le traitement fiscal et social de la compensation financière payée au travailleur et le droit de la concurrence, les auteurs abordent une grande variété de sujets qui permettra aux professionnels du droit et à tout professionnel confrontés à une clause de non-concurrence d’appréhender la portée et les conséquences de celle-ci

politique concurrentielle --- droit economique --- droit du travail --- concurrentiebeleid --- economisch recht --- arbeidsrecht --- vrije concurrentie --- arbeidsbezoldiging --- non-concurrence --- plačilo za delo --- munkaviszonyból származó jövedelem --- Arbeitsentgelt --- töö tasustamine --- remuneración del trabajo --- korvaus työstä --- atlyginimas už darbą --- remuneration of work --- накнада за рад --- ersättning för arbete --- απολαβές από την εργασία --- rimunerazzojni għax-xogħol --- wynagrodzenie za pracę --- remuneração do trabalho --- remunerația muncii --- aflønning af arbejde --- odměňování --- atlīdzība par darbu --- retribuzione del lavoro --- rémunération du travail --- nagrađivanje za rad --- надомест за работа --- трудово възнаграждение --- shpërblim i punës --- odmena za prácu --- Arbeitsvergütung --- вреднување труд --- arbetsinkomst --- Arbeitseinkommen --- renta del trabajo --- πρόσοδος από την εργασία --- töötulu --- työstä saatavat tulot --- vrednovanje rada --- Arbeitslohn --- odměna za práci --- munkával szerzett jövedelem --- naknada za rad --- reddito da lavoro --- income derived from work --- retribución del trabajo --- inkomsten uit arbeid --- munkabér --- pracovní odměňování --- revenu du travail --- darbo pajamos --- Entlohnung --- venit provenit din muncă --- приход од работа --- të ardhura nga puna --- munkajövedelem --- dohodak od rada --- darba ienākumi --- príjem odvodený od práce --- konkurrencë e lirë --- свободна конкуренция --- libre competencia --- voľná súťaž --- vaba konkurents --- слободна конкуренција --- saoriomaíocht --- libera concorrenza --- kompetizzjoni ħielsa --- wolna konkurencja --- concurență liberă --- free competition --- freier Wettbewerb --- volná soutěž --- brīvā konkurence --- laisvoji konkurencija --- libre concurrence --- ελεύθερος ανταγωνισμός --- slobodno tržišno natjecanje --- fri konkurrence --- svobodna konkurenca --- vapaa kilpailu --- fri konkurrens --- livre-concorrência --- szabad verseny --- slobodna konkurencija --- offener Markt --- slobodno tržište --- laisvoji rinka --- слободна пазарна економија --- piață liberă --- free market --- treg i lirë --- otvorený trh --- vaba turg --- слободен пазар --- non-concurrentiebeding --- E-books --- Clause de non-concurrence --- Relations professionnelles --- Droit du travail --- Droit économique --- luach saothair as obair

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La 4e de couverture indique : "Cet ouvrage s'adresse aux étudiants comme aux praticiens du droit de la concurrence. Il embrasse l'ensemble des sous-disciplines de cette matière, à l'exclusion du droit des aides d'État. Le propos se concentre sur le droit européen de la concurrence, mais les développements relatifs au droit matériel s'appliquent, mutatis mutandis, au droit national de la concurrence. La première partie de l'ouvrage s'intéresse au droit général de la concurrence. Elle traite du droit des accords (article 101 TFUE), du droit de l'abus de position dominante (article 102 TFUE) et du droit des concentrations (Règlement 139/2004). La seconde partie de l'ouvrage traite du droit spécial de la concurrence, c'est-à-dire du droit spécifique des ententes, du droit des coopérations horizontales et verticales, mais aussi des aspects institutionnels du droit de la concurrence (partage des compétences entre autorités et juridictions, pouvoirs d'enquête, etc.). Original dans sa structure, l'ouvrage l'est aussi dans son contenu. Un chapitre entier est ainsi spécifiquement dédié à l'économie de la concurrence, présentée de manière qualitative. L'auteur a en outre fait le choix d'introduire des développements économiques dans l'ensemble de l'ouvrage, pour satisfaire les nécessités des praticiens du droit de la concurrence, aux prises avec une matière qui ne cesse de s'ouvrir à l'interdisciplinarité. Conçu pour s'adresser aux étudiants de facultés de droit, de sciences économiques et d'écoles de gestion, l'ouvrage propose par ailleurs une approche pédagogique innovante qui offre une place non négligeable au "pourquoi" le droit positif. Rompant avec la loi du genre, l'ouvrage présente ainsi les règles de droit positif (le "quoi"), mais il tente également de dévoiler le "dessous des cartes", c'est-à-dire les grands enjeux, débats et choix politiques sous-tendant la mise en oeuvre législative, administrative et prétorienne du droit européen de la concurrence. Enfin, l'ouvrage poursuit une ambition scientifique, espérant trouver audience auprès de la communauté universitaire et des décideurs publics. Empruntant volontiers une tonalité critique, l'ouvrage se démarque d'autres manuels en préconisant, çà et là, des modifications, de lege ferenda, du droit positif."

Concurrence --- Droit européen. --- concurrentierecht --- concurrentiebeperking --- EU-mededingingsbeleid --- политика у области конкуренције ЕУ --- politika tržišnoga natjecanja EU-a --- EU competition policy --- politica della concorrenza dell'UE --- ES konkurences politika --- ELi konkurentsipoliitika --- política de concorrência da UE --- Politika EÚ v oblasti hospodárskej súťaže --- EU-Wettbewerbspolitik --- EU:n kilpailupolitiikka --- il-politika ta' kompetizzjoni tal-UE --- politique de la concurrence de l'UE --- política de competencia de la UE --- EU:s konkurrenspolitik --- политика на ЕС в областта на конкуренцията --- ES konkurencijos politika --- politika konkurence EU --- EU's konkurrencepolitik --- Politica UE în domeniul concurenței --- polityka konkurencji UE --- политика на конкуренција на ЕУ --- πολιτική ανταγωνισμού της ΕΕ --- politika hospodářské soutěže EU --- politika e BE-së për konkurrencën --- az EU versenypolitikája --- politika e konkurrencës e Bashkimit Europian --- European Union competition policy --- politika konkurencije EU-a --- политика за конкурентност --- Euroopa Liidu konkurentsipoliitika --- EU-concurrentiebeleid --- политика на ЕУ за конкурентност --- заедничка политика на конкуренција --- Europeiska unionens konkurrenspolitik --- politique de la concurrence de l'Union européenne --- política de concorrência da União Europeia --- политика на Европейския съюз в областта на конкуренцията --- política de competencia de la Unión Europea --- politika tržišnoga natjecanja Europske unije --- ограничување на конкуренцијата --- konkurencijos ribojimas --- restriction on competition --- ograničavanje tržišnoga natjecanja --- omezování soutěže --- restrizzjoni tal-kompetizzjoni --- Wettbewerbsbeschränkung --- ograniczenia konkurencji --- restricción de la competencia --- konkurences ierobežojums --- restrizione alla concorrenza --- restricționarea concurenței --- omejevanje konkurence --- konkurrensbegränsning --- ограничавање конкуренције --- restriction à la concurrence --- ограничение на конкуренцията --- kilpailun rajoittaminen --- restrição de concorrência --- kufizim mbi konkurrencën --- περιορισμός του ανταγωνισμού --- konkurentsi piiramine --- obmedzenie hospodárskej súťaže --- konkurrencebegrænsning --- versenykorlátozás --- nekalé obchodní praktiky --- nem megengedett kereskedelmi gyakorlat --- practică comercială ilegală --- unerlaubter Wettbewerb --- discriminatory trading practice --- verfälschter Wettbewerb --- práctica comercial restrictiva --- konkurentsi kahjustamine --- νοθευμένος ανταγωνισμός --- concorrenza falsata --- restrizione alla libertà di concorrenza --- unlauterer Wettbewerb --- restrictieve handelspraktijk --- competencia imperfecta --- pratica commerciale restrittiva --- shtrembërim i konkurrencës --- concorrenza illecita --- pratica commerciale limitativa --- illegális kereskedelmi magatartás --- prática comercial restritiva --- pratica commerciale abusiva --- concurrentievervalsing --- denaturarea concurenței --- restrizione di concorrenza --- práctica comercial abusiva --- concorrenza imperfetta --- pratique commerciale discriminatoire --- diskriminacinė prekybos praktika --- illojal konkurrens --- nesąžininga konkurencija --- στρέβλωση του ανταγωνισμού --- tiltott versenymagatartás --- pratique commerciale abusive --- laittomat kaupankäyntitavat --- comportamento anticoncorrenziale --- αθέμιτος ανταγωνισμός --- oneerlijke concurrentie --- forvansket konkurrence --- konkurrenceforvridning --- καταχρηστική εμπορική πρακτική --- zkreslení soutěže --- práctica comercial discriminadora --- seadusevastane kaubandustegevus --- negodīga tirdzniecības prakse --- concorrência ilícita --- konkurentsi moonutamine --- ongeoorloofde concurrentie --- syrjivä kaupankäynti --- αθέμιτη εμπορική πρακτική --- falsa concorrência --- ebaaus konkurents --- illoyal konkurrence --- narušenie hospodárskej súťaže --- wettbewerbswidrige Praktiken --- práctica comercial desleal --- ατελής ανταγωνισμός --- concorrência imperfeita --- unfair trade practice --- distorsión de la competencia --- concurrence imparfaite --- distorsione della concorrenza --- prática comercial discriminatória --- practică comercială discriminatorie --- konkurencijos apribojimas --- jogellenes kereskedelmi gyakorlat --- konkurrencë e padrejtë --- ufuldkommen konkurrence --- konkurencijos iškreipimas --- concurență neloială --- onvolkomen concurrentie --- konkurences traucējumi --- nelojalna konkurencija --- illegal trade practice --- concurrence illicite --- nezákonné obchodní praktiky --- дискриминаторна деловна практика --- praktikë tregtare diskriminuese --- kõlvatu konkurents --- nekalá soutěž --- prática comercial abusiva --- diskriminējoša tirdzniecības prakse --- distorsione artificiale della concorrenza --- diszkriminatív kereskedelmi gyakorlat --- нарушена конкуренција --- nesąžininga prekybos praktika --- missbräuchliche Handelspraktiken --- discriminerende handelspraktijk --- ograničavanje konkurencije --- pratique commerciale déloyale --- uretmæssig konkurrence --- diskriminierende Handelspraktiken --- Wettbewerbsverzerrung --- competencia desleal --- distortion of competition --- a versenyhelyzet torzulása --- neteisėta prekybos praktika --- nelikumīga tirdzniecības prakse --- concorrência desleal --- verseny torzulása --- otillbörligt handelsbruk --- pratica commerciale sleale --- competencia ilícita --- prática comercial desleal --- megkülönböztető kereskedelmi gyakorlat --- onzuivere concurrentie --- konkurrenssnedvridning --- ebaõiglane kaubandustegevus --- εμπορική πρακτική που εισάγει διακρίσεις --- oneerlijke handelspraktijk --- wederrechtelijke handelspraktijk --- vilpilliset kaupankäyntitavat --- нарушување на конкуренцијата --- konkurrencemisbrug --- concorrenza distorta --- unfair competition --- practică comercială neloială --- otillåtna affärsmetoder --- praktikë e padrejtë e tregtisë --- konkurences ierobežošana --- nekalá súťaž --- vilpillinen kilpailu --- concurrence déloyale --- concorrenza sleale --- unvollkommene Konkurrenz --- fordrejet konkurrence --- nekalé obchodné postupy --- praktikë e paligjshme e tregtisë --- несовршена конкуренција --- imperfekt konkurrence --- negodīga konkurence --- distorção de concorrência --- περιοριστική εμπορική πρακτική --- restriktive Handelspraktiken --- diskrimineeriv kaubandustegevus --- competencia falseada --- unvollkommener Wettbewerb --- нечесна трговија --- diskriminační obchodní praktiky --- nezákonné obchodné postupy --- tisztességtelen kereskedelmi magatartás --- unlautere Handelspraktiken --- pratique commerciale restrictive --- distorsion de la concurrence --- kilpailun vääristyminen --- ofullständig konkurrens --- diskriminačný obchodný postup --- olovlig konkurrens --- pratica commerciale discriminatoria --- nepošteno tržišno natjecanje --- konkurrensrätt --- id-dritt tal-kompetizzjoni --- δίκαιο του ανταγωνισμού --- konkurencijos įstatymas --- competition law --- kilpailuoikeus --- direito da concorrência --- konkurences likums --- dreptul concurenței --- droit de la concurrence --- prawo konkurencji --- право на конкуренција --- конкурентно право --- versenyjog --- pravo tržišnoga natjecanja --- konkurrenceret --- Wettbewerbsrecht --- ligji i konkurrencës --- soutěžní právo --- norme giuridiche sulla concorrenza --- право конкуренције --- Derecho de la competencia --- súťažné právo --- konkurenčno pravo --- konkurentsiõigus --- regole di concorrenza --- konkurrenceregulering --- pravo konkurencije --- legislație privind concurența --- közösségi versenyjog --- правила за конкуренција на Заедницата --- soutěžní legislativa --- konkurencijos nuostatai --- konkurences tiesības --- regulamentação da concorrência --- κανόνες ανταγωνισμού --- прописи против нелојалната конкуренција --- soutěžní předpisy --- Wettbewerbsregel --- kilpailusäännökset --- közösségi versenyjog rendelkezései --- konkurencijos reglamentai --- konkurrenceregler --- Wettbewerbsordnung --- заедничко право за конкуренција --- Wettbewerbsgesetzgebung --- Wettbewerbsvorschrift --- reglamentación de la competencia --- konkurentsisätted --- konkurenční právo --- заштита на конкуренција --- versenyszabályok --- konkurrensbestämmelser --- konkurences noteikumi --- norme sulla concorrenza --- súťažné predpisy --- concurrentieregeling --- propisi o tržišnom natjecanju --- konkurrencebestemmelser --- procedura in materia di concorrenza --- zákon o ochraně hospodářské soutěže --- réglementation de la concurrence --- versenyjogi szabályok --- competition regulations --- правила на Заедницата за конкуренција --- közösségi versenyjog szabályai --- concurrentievoorschriften --- regolamentazione della concorrenza --- rregulla të konkurrencës --- Wettbewerbsrecht der Gemeinschaft --- Antitrust law --- Droit --- beartas iomaíochta an Aontais Eorpaigh --- srian ar iomaíocht --- dlí na hiomaíochta --- Manuels d'enseignement supérieur

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Le présent ouvrage s'intéresse à l'étude du déséquilibre significatif au sens de l'article L. 442-1 du Code de commerce (ancien article L. 442-6) tant les interrogations qu'il suscite sont nombreuses : connaissance et spécificité de la règle dans les relations commerciales, légitimité du texte, cohérence interne de ses dispositions et mise en perspective dans le système global de lutte contre le déséquilibre significatif. Pour y répondre, il est nécessaire de combiner deux approches, l'une analytique et l'autre synthétique. À travers la première, il s'agit de mettre en lumière, par une méthode scientifique préalablement exposée, la manière dont les juges se saisissent de ce texte, le but étant de parvenir à une connaissance plus précise et effective de la règle en question. Chacun des éléments qui la composent font donc l'objet d'une analyse détaillée, à savoir, la notion en tant que telle ainsi que son régime. Les résultats obtenus permettent, ensuite, d'adopter une approche synthétique afin de mieux aborder la délicate question de l'articulation entre, d'une part, cet article et, d'autre part, les autres textes qui sanctionnent le déséquilibre significatif. Ils permettent également de proposer des pistes d'amélioration de l'actuel article L. 442-1, notamment dans la perspective d'une prochaine réforme. [Texte issu du site web de l'éditeur]

Commercial law --- Economic law --- France --- Droit commercial --- Équilibre contractuel --- Concurrence --- Droit --- Antitrust law --- Restraint of trade --- Restrictions --- relation commerciale --- contrat commercial --- position dominante --- clause abusive --- restriction à la concurrence --- 351.826 --- tisztességtelen szerződési kikötés --- pristrani uvjeti ugovora --- nápadně nevýhodné ustanovení --- urimelig klausul --- nápadně nevýhodné podmínky --- пристрасни договорни услови --- neplatnost smlouvy --- Mißbrauchsklausel --- netaisnīgi līguma noteikumi --- cláusula abusiva --- nesąžiningos sutarties sąlygos --- negodīgi līguma noteikumi --- kohtuuton ehto --- tisztességtelen szerződési feltétel --- klauzula abuzywna --- kushte të padrejta të kontratës --- ustanovení příčící se dobrým mravům --- καταχρηστική ρήτρα --- ugovorna klauzula protivna načelu savjesti i poštenja --- Missbrauchsklausel --- unfair terms of contract --- clauză contractuală abuzivă --- неправедни услови на договор --- ebaõiglased lepingutingimused --- misbruikclausule --- oskäligt avtalsvillkor --- nepošteni pogodbeni pogoji --- клаузуле противне начелу савесности и поштења --- éarmaí éagóracha conartha --- patti inġusti ta’ kuntratt --- zmluvné ustanovenie proti dobrým mravom --- urimelig kontraktbestemmelse --- несправедливи изисквания на договор --- clausola abusiva --- kupní smlouva --- contrato mercantil --- obchodní kontrakt --- комерцијален договор --- kommerciel kontrakt --- affärsavtal --- commercial contract --- kereskedelmi szerződés --- contratto commerciale --- трговски договор --- търговски договор --- Handelsvertrag --- kontratë tregtare --- trgovinski ugovor --- трговачки уговор --- kuntratt kummerċjali --- contract comercial --- tirdzniecības līgums --- kauppaa koskeva sopimus --- umowa w obrocie handlowym --- contrato comercial --- ärileping --- εμπορική σύμβαση --- obchodní smlouva --- handelscontract --- komercinė sutartis --- conradh tráchtála --- komerčná zmluva --- trgovinska pogodba --- деловни односи --- rapporto commerciale --- stosunki handlowe --- relații comerciale --- εμπορικές σχέσεις --- kauppasuhteet --- Handelsbeziehungen --- relazzjonijiet kummerċjali --- kaubandussuhted --- trgovinski odnosi --- trade relations --- obchodné vzťahy --- prekybiniai santykiai --- relación comercial --- relações comerciais --- трговински односи --- relazione commerciale --- caidreamh trádála --- handelsbetrekking --- трговски односи --- търговски отношения --- handelsrelationer --- tirdzniecības attiecības --- marrëdhënie tregtare --- kereskedelmi kapcsolatok --- handelsförbindelser --- obchodní vztahy --- premoćni položaj --- comportamento predatorio di un'impresa dominante --- turgu valitseva seisundi kuritarvitamine --- abuso di posizione dominante --- întreprindere în poziție dominantă --- spoločnosť s dominantným postavením --- company in a dominant position --- shoqëri tregtare në pozitë dominuese --- erőfölénnyel való visszaélés --- onderneming met machtspositie --- доминантно претпријатие --- impresa dominante --- abuso de posição dominante --- dominantni položaj --- злоупотреба на доминантната позиција --- empresa em posição dominante --- abuse of dominant position --- erőfölényes helyzet --- dominējošs uzņēmums --- turgu valitsev ettevõte --- abuz al poziției dominante --- misbruik van een machtspositie --- virksomhed i dominerende stilling --- zloupotreba položaja --- επιχείρηση σε δεσπόζουσα θέση --- zneužitie dominantného postavenia --- abuzim me pozitën dominuese --- impresa in posizione dominante --- määräävässä markkina-asemassa oleva yhtiö --- misbrug af dominerende stilling --- företag med dominerande ställning --- missbruk av dominerande ställning --- vyraujančioji bendrovė --- dominances ļaunprātīga izmantošana --- abus de position dominante --- määräävän markkina-aseman väärinkäyttö --- abuso de posición dominante --- abuso di potere di mercato --- empresa de posición dominante --- piktnaudžiavimas vyraujančiąja padėtimi --- erőfölényben lévő vállalkozás --- Missbrauch einer marktbeherrschenden Stellung --- vedoucí postavení --- marktbeherrschendes Unternehmen --- κατάχρηση δεσπόζουσας θέσης --- entreprise en position dominante --- доминантна позиција --- pożizzjoni dominanti --- pozicion dominues --- dominantní postavení --- erőfölény --- доминираща позиция --- marktbeherrschende Stellung --- prevladujoč položaj --- dominerande ställning --- dominant position --- poziție dominantă --- posizione dominante --- ceannasacht --- machtspositie --- pozycja dominująca --- dominance --- määräävä markkina-asema --- доминантни положај --- turgu valitsev seisund --- vyraujančioji padėtis --- posição dominante --- vladajući položaj --- dominerende stilling --- δεσπόζουσα θέση --- posición dominante --- dominantné postavenie --- nekalé obchodní praktiky --- nem megengedett kereskedelmi gyakorlat --- practică comercială ilegală --- unerlaubter Wettbewerb --- discriminatory trading practice --- verfälschter Wettbewerb --- práctica comercial restrictiva --- konkurentsi kahjustamine --- νοθευμένος ανταγωνισμός --- concorrenza falsata --- restrizione alla libertà di concorrenza --- unlauterer Wettbewerb --- restrictieve handelspraktijk --- competencia imperfecta --- pratica commerciale restrittiva --- shtrembërim i konkurrencës --- concorrenza illecita --- pratica commerciale limitativa --- illegális kereskedelmi magatartás --- prática comercial restritiva --- pratica commerciale abusiva --- concurrentievervalsing --- denaturarea concurenței --- restrizione di concorrenza --- práctica comercial abusiva --- concorrenza imperfetta --- pratique commerciale discriminatoire --- diskriminacinė prekybos praktika --- illojal konkurrens --- nesąžininga konkurencija --- στρέβλωση του ανταγωνισμού --- tiltott versenymagatartás --- pratique commerciale abusive --- laittomat kaupankäyntitavat --- comportamento anticoncorrenziale --- αθέμιτος ανταγωνισμός --- oneerlijke concurrentie --- forvansket konkurrence --- konkurrenceforvridning --- καταχρηστική εμπορική πρακτική --- zkreslení soutěže --- práctica comercial discriminadora --- seadusevastane kaubandustegevus --- negodīga tirdzniecības prakse --- concorrência ilícita --- konkurentsi moonutamine --- ongeoorloofde concurrentie --- syrjivä kaupankäynti --- αθέμιτη εμπορική πρακτική --- falsa concorrência --- ebaaus konkurents --- illoyal konkurrence --- narušenie hospodárskej súťaže --- wettbewerbswidrige Praktiken --- práctica comercial desleal --- ατελής ανταγωνισμός --- concorrência imperfeita --- unfair trade practice --- distorsión de la competencia --- concurrence imparfaite --- distorsione della concorrenza --- prática comercial discriminatória --- practică comercială discriminatorie --- konkurencijos apribojimas --- jogellenes kereskedelmi gyakorlat --- konkurrencë e padrejtë --- ufuldkommen konkurrence --- konkurencijos iškreipimas --- concurență neloială --- onvolkomen concurrentie --- konkurences traucējumi --- nelojalna konkurencija --- illegal trade practice --- concurrence illicite --- nezákonné obchodní praktiky --- дискриминаторна деловна практика --- praktikë tregtare diskriminuese --- kõlvatu konkurents --- nekalá soutěž --- prática comercial abusiva --- diskriminējoša tirdzniecības prakse --- distorsione artificiale della concorrenza --- diszkriminatív kereskedelmi gyakorlat --- нарушена конкуренција --- nesąžininga prekybos praktika --- missbräuchliche Handelspraktiken --- discriminerende handelspraktijk --- ograničavanje konkurencije --- pratique commerciale déloyale --- uretmæssig konkurrence --- diskriminierende Handelspraktiken --- Wettbewerbsverzerrung --- competencia desleal --- distortion of competition --- a versenyhelyzet torzulása --- neteisėta prekybos praktika --- nelikumīga tirdzniecības prakse --- concorrência desleal --- verseny torzulása --- otillbörligt handelsbruk --- pratica commerciale sleale --- competencia ilícita --- prática comercial desleal --- megkülönböztető kereskedelmi gyakorlat --- onzuivere concurrentie --- konkurrenssnedvridning --- ebaõiglane kaubandustegevus --- εμπορική πρακτική που εισάγει διακρίσεις --- oneerlijke handelspraktijk --- wederrechtelijke handelspraktijk --- vilpilliset kaupankäyntitavat --- нарушување на конкуренцијата --- konkurrencemisbrug --- concorrenza distorta --- unfair competition --- practică comercială neloială --- otillåtna affärsmetoder --- praktikë e padrejtë e tregtisë --- konkurences ierobežošana --- nekalá súťaž --- vilpillinen kilpailu --- concurrence déloyale --- concorrenza sleale --- unvollkommene Konkurrenz --- fordrejet konkurrence --- nekalé obchodné postupy --- praktikë e paligjshme e tregtisë --- несовршена конкуренција --- imperfekt konkurrence --- negodīga konkurence --- distorção de concorrência --- περιοριστική εμπορική πρακτική --- restriktive Handelspraktiken --- diskrimineeriv kaubandustegevus --- competencia falseada --- unvollkommener Wettbewerb --- нечесна трговија --- diskriminační obchodní praktiky --- nezákonné obchodné postupy --- tisztességtelen kereskedelmi magatartás --- unlautere Handelspraktiken --- pratique commerciale restrictive --- distorsion de la concurrence --- kilpailun vääristyminen --- ofullständig konkurrens --- diskriminačný obchodný postup --- olovlig konkurrens --- pratica commerciale discriminatoria --- nepošteno tržišno natjecanje --- ограничување на конкуренцијата --- konkurencijos ribojimas --- srian ar iomaíocht --- restriction on competition --- ograničavanje tržišnoga natjecanja --- concurrentiebeperking --- omezování soutěže --- restrizzjoni tal-kompetizzjoni --- Wettbewerbsbeschränkung --- ograniczenia konkurencji --- restricción de la competencia --- konkurences ierobežojums --- restrizione alla concorrenza --- restricționarea concurenței --- omejevanje konkurence --- konkurrensbegränsning --- ограничавање конкуренције --- ограничение на конкуренцията --- kilpailun rajoittaminen --- restrição de concorrência --- kufizim mbi konkurrencën --- περιορισμός του ανταγωνισμού --- konkurentsi piiramine --- obmedzenie hospodárskej súťaže --- konkurrencebegrænsning --- versenykorlátozás --- E-books --- restriction à la concurrence

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An epic account of the decades-long battle to control what has emerged as the world's most critical resource--microchip technology--with the United States and China increasingly in conflict. You may be surprised to learn that microchips are the new oil--the scarce resource on which the modern world depends. Today, military, economic, and geopolitical power are built on a foundation of computer chips. Virtually everything--from missiles to microwaves--runs on chips, including cars, smartphones, the stock market, even the electric grid. Until recently, America designed and built the fastest chips and maintained its lead as the #1 superpower, but America's edge is in danger of slipping, undermined by players in Taiwan, Korea, and Europe taking over manufacturing. Now, as Chip War reveals, China, which spends more on chips than any other product, is pouring billions into a chip-building initiative to catch up to the US. At stake is America's military superiority and economic prosperity. Economic historian Chris Miller explains how the semiconductor came to play a critical role in modern life and how the U.S. became dominant in chip design and manufacturing and applied this technology to military systems. America's victory in the Cold War and its global military dominance stems from its ability to harness computing power more effectively than any other power. But here, too, China is catching up, with its chip-building ambitions and military modernization going hand in hand. America has let key components of the chip-building process slip out of its grasp, contributing not only to a worldwide chip shortage but also a new Cold War with a superpower adversary that is desperate to bridge the gap. Illuminating, timely, and fascinating, Chip War shows that, to make sense of the current state of politics, economics, and technology, we must first understand the vital role played by chips.

S10/0685 --- S10/0523 --- S10/0641 --- S10/0835 --- China: Economics, industry and commerce--US-China economic relations --- China: Economics, industry and commerce--Power supply (electricity, mining, oil) and computing industry --- China: Economics, industry and commerce--Foreign trade and economic relations: since 1989 --- China: Economics, industry and commerce--Postal service and telecommunications: since 1949 (including E-commerce) --- Competition, International. --- Diplomatic relations. --- Integrated circuits industry. --- International relations. --- Microelectronics --- Microelectronics. --- World politics. --- History. --- China --- China. --- United States --- United States. --- Relations --- BPB9999 --- BPB2309 --- technologie --- digitale technologie --- grondstof --- concurrentie --- concurență --- ανταγωνισμός --- konkurencja --- Wettbewerb --- soutěž --- konkurencia --- конкуренция --- tržišno natjecanje --- concorrência --- kilpailu --- kompetizzjoni --- iomaíocht --- competencia --- concurrence --- konkurrencë --- konkurenca --- konkurrence --- konkurents --- конкуренција --- konkurencija --- competition --- concorrenza --- konkurrens --- konkurence --- verseny --- principio della concorrenza --- condição de concorrência --- mededinging --- konkurrencevilkår --- concorrenza praticabile --- concorrenza effettiva --- posizione concorrenziale --- ефективна конкуренција --- condizioni di concorrenza --- начела на конкуренција --- услови на конкуренција --- конкурентска позиција --- materia prima --- surovine --- amhábhar --- råmateriale --- matière première --- žaliava --- surovina --- izejviela --- materie primă --- raw material --- πρώτη ύλη --- lëndë e parë --- raaka-aine --- råmaterial --- Rohstoff --- materja prima --- sirovina --- nyersanyag --- суровина --- сировина --- matéria-prima --- tooraine --- surowiec --- референтен материјал --- reference material --- etalonaine --- toore --- υλικό αναφοράς --- referenciaanyag --- material de bază --- суров материјал --- matériau de référence --- referentiestoffen --- pagrindinė medžiaga --- materiali --- Referenzmaterialien --- råstof --- material referencë --- obearbetat material --- materiali di riferimento --- referenčný materiál --- materiaal --- referencematerialer --- materiais de referência --- digitale Technologie --- teknoloġija diġitali --- digitalna tehnologija --- digitaalitekniikka --- tecnología digital --- technologie numérique --- tehnologie digitală --- digital teknologi --- teicneolaíocht dhigiteach --- digitální technologie --- teknologji dixhitale --- цифрова технология --- digital teknik --- digital technology --- digitálna technológia --- ψηφιακή τεχνολογία --- tecnologia digitale --- ciparu tehnoloģija --- digitaaltehnoloogia --- technologia cyfrowa --- skaitmeninė technologija --- tecnologia digital --- digitális technológia --- дигитална технологија --- Digitaltechnologie --- digitalteknik --- технология --- technológia --- teknik --- tecnologia --- technologija --- tehnoloogia --- tehnoloģija --- teknologi --- tehnologie --- tehnologija --- teknologia --- technologia --- teknoloġija --- technology --- τεχνολογία --- tecnología --- Technologie --- teicneolaíocht --- teknologji --- технологија --- technický postup --- ingeniería --- inžinierstvo --- settore tecnologico --- technika --- egnet teknologi --- ingenjörsvetenskap --- ingénierie --- μηχανολογία --- engenharia --- инженерство --- inženýrství --- inžinerija --- engineering --- inženjering --- tehnika --- inženierpakalpojumi --- inginerie --- ingegneria dei sistemi --- inženierzinība --- inxhinieri --- INTEGRATED OPERATIONS (MILITARY SCIENCE) --- ELECTRONICS IN MILITARY ENGINEERING --- COMPETITION, INTERNATIONAL --- CHINA--FOREIGN RELATIONS--USA --- USA--FOREIGN RELATIONS--CHINA