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The use of lightweight structures across several industries has become inevitable in today's world given the ever-rising demand for improved fuel economy and resource efficiency. In the automotive industry, composites, reinforced plastics, and lightweight materials, such as aluminum and magnesium are being adopted by many OEMs at increasing rates to reduce vehicle mass and develop efficient new lightweight designs. Automotive weight reduction with high-strength steel is also witnessing major ongoing efforts to design novel damage-controlled forming processes for a new generation of efficient, lightweight steel components. Although great progress has been made over the past decades in understanding the thermomechanical behavior of these materials, their extensive use as lightweight solutions is still limited due to numerous challenges that play a key role in cost competitiveness. Hence, significant research efforts are still required to fully understand the anisotropic material behavior, failure mechanisms, and, most importantly, the interplay between industrial processing, microstructure development, and the resulting properties. This Special Issue reprint book features concise reports on the current status in the field. The topics discussed herein include areas of manufacturing and processing technologies of materials for lightweight applications, innovative microstructure and process design concepts, and advanced characterization techniques combined with modeling of material's behavior.

n/a --- microstructure --- Mg-Al-Ba-Ca alloy --- strength --- severe plastic deformation --- hot working --- surface roughness --- high pressure torsion extrusion --- optimization --- fatigue fracture behavior --- magnesium alloys --- de-coring --- formability --- multilayered sheets --- HPDC --- spring-back --- contact heat transfer --- mechanical properties --- bending --- in-die quenching --- equivalent strain --- light metals --- processing --- heat transfer --- damage --- creep aging --- thin-walled profile --- rolling --- aluminum alloy --- transmission line fittings --- ceramic core --- processing map --- automated void recognition --- FEA --- multi-output porthole extrusion --- density --- kinetic analysis --- texture --- non-ferrous alloys --- material characterization --- stress superposition --- hot stamping --- metal flow --- hybrid composite material --- V-bending test --- finite element model --- aluminium alloy --- shear lap test --- Al-Cu-Mg alloy --- characterization

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Nowadays, the impressive progress of commercially available computers allows us to solve complicated mathematical problems in many scientific and technical fields. This revolution has reinvigorated all aspects of chemical engineering science. More sophisticated approaches to catalysis, kinetics, reactor design, and simulation have been developed thanks to the powerful calculation methods that have recently become available. It is well known that many chemical reactions are of great interest for industrial processes and must be conducted on a large scale in order to obtain needed information in thermodynamics, kinetics, and transport phenomena related to mass, energy, and momentum. For a reliable industrial-scale reactor design, all of this information must be employed in appropriate equations and mathematical models that allow for accurate and reliable simulations for scaling up purposes. The aim of this proposed Special Issue was to collect worldwide contributions from experts in the field of industrial reactor design based on kinetic and mass transfer studies. The following areas/sections were covered by the call for original papers: Kinetic studies on complex reaction schemes (multiphase systems); Kinetics and mass transfer in multifunctional reactors; Reactions in mass transfer-dominated regimes (fluid–solid and intraparticle diffusive limitations); Kinetic and mass transfer modeling using alternative approaches (ex. stochastic modeling); Simulations in pilot plants and industrial-sized reactors and scale-up studies based on kinetic studies (lab-to-plant approach).

Technology: general issues --- heat exchanger --- mathematical model --- energy efficiency --- inversion loss --- process design --- mass transfer --- hydrogenation --- slurry reactor --- muconic acid --- adipic acid --- LHHW model --- kinetics --- epoxides --- soybean oil --- hydrogen peroxide --- ring opening reaction --- continuous flow stirred tank reactor (CSTR) --- phase transfer catalysis (PTC) --- green chemistry --- multiphase reactor --- liquid-liquid-liquid reactions --- guaiacol --- epichlorohydrin --- guaiacol glycidyl ether --- slow and rapid reactions --- robust parameter estimation --- dimethyl carbonate --- gas-solid catalytic reactions --- chemical kinetics --- heat and mass transfer --- packed bed reactor --- multiphase system --- phase-field LB model --- complex channel --- flow pattern --- bubble evolution --- Suzuki cross-coupling --- hyper-cross-linked polystyrene --- palladium nanoparticles --- catalyst stability --- carbonization --- halogenation --- spent resin --- kinetic analysis --- thermodynamic analysis --- numerical optimization --- ultrasonic spraying --- three-phase reactor --- triolein --- transesterification --- CaO --- methanol vapor --- 1,1-diethoxybutane --- heterogeneous catalysts --- adsorption --- process intensification --- simulated moving bed reactor --- deoxygenation efficiency --- vacuum-N2-H2O-O2 system --- rotor-stator reactor --- correlation

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This book serves to highlight the pharmacokinetics/drug–drug interactions and mechanistic understanding in relation to the drug-metabolizing enzymes and drug transporters.This book presents a series of drug metabolism and transport mechanisms that govern the pharmacokinetic features of therapeutic drugs as well as natural herbal medicines. It also covers the pharmacokinetic interactions caused by inhibiting or inducing the metabolic or transport activities under disease states or the coadministration of potential inhibitors. It also deals with microenvironmental pharmacokinetic profiles as well as population pharmacokinetics, which gives new insights regarding the pharmacokinetic features with regard to drug metabolism and transporters.

tofacitinib --- dose-dependent pharmacokinetics --- hepatic and intestinal first-pass effect --- rats --- catalposide --- in vitro human metabolism --- UDP-glucuronosyltransferase --- sulfotransferase --- carboxylesterase --- celecoxib --- drug–drug interaction --- fluorescence --- HPLC --- metabolism --- repaglinide --- HSG4112 --- anti-obesity agent --- stereoselectivity --- pharmacokinetics --- compound K --- protopanaxadiol (PPD) --- biliary excretion --- intestinal metabolism --- Carthamus tinctorius extract --- notoginseng total saponins --- comparative pharmacokinetic study --- large volume direct injection --- compatibility mechanism --- mertansine --- human hepatocytes --- cytochrome P450 --- UDP-glucuronosyltransferases --- sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors --- DWP16001 --- kidney distribution --- inhibition mode --- diabetes --- transporter-enzyme interplay --- influx transporter --- efflux transporter --- physiologically based pharmacokinetic model --- cytochrome P450 enzymes --- tiropramide --- healthy Korean subjects --- modeling --- population pharmacokinetic --- quercetin --- breast cancer resistance protein --- inhibitor --- prazosin --- sulfasalazine --- kinetic analysis --- food–drug interactions --- Caco-2 --- EpiIntestinal --- first-pass --- P-gp --- BCRP --- drug transporter --- CYP3A4 --- oral availability --- automatization --- drug absorption --- drug dosing --- head-and-neck cancer --- real-time measurements --- taxanes --- tissue engineering --- UHPLC-MS/MS --- metformin --- verapamil --- drug interaction --- organic cation transporter 2 --- renal excretion --- acute renal failure --- gentamicin --- cisplatin --- hepatic CYP3A1(23) --- creatinine clearance --- renal clearance --- nonrenal clearance

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This book serves to highlight the pharmacokinetics/drug–drug interactions and mechanistic understanding in relation to the drug-metabolizing enzymes and drug transporters.This book presents a series of drug metabolism and transport mechanisms that govern the pharmacokinetic features of therapeutic drugs as well as natural herbal medicines. It also covers the pharmacokinetic interactions caused by inhibiting or inducing the metabolic or transport activities under disease states or the coadministration of potential inhibitors. It also deals with microenvironmental pharmacokinetic profiles as well as population pharmacokinetics, which gives new insights regarding the pharmacokinetic features with regard to drug metabolism and transporters.

Medicine --- Pharmaceutical industries --- tofacitinib --- dose-dependent pharmacokinetics --- hepatic and intestinal first-pass effect --- rats --- catalposide --- in vitro human metabolism --- UDP-glucuronosyltransferase --- sulfotransferase --- carboxylesterase --- celecoxib --- drug–drug interaction --- fluorescence --- HPLC --- metabolism --- repaglinide --- HSG4112 --- anti-obesity agent --- stereoselectivity --- pharmacokinetics --- compound K --- protopanaxadiol (PPD) --- biliary excretion --- intestinal metabolism --- Carthamus tinctorius extract --- notoginseng total saponins --- comparative pharmacokinetic study --- large volume direct injection --- compatibility mechanism --- mertansine --- human hepatocytes --- cytochrome P450 --- UDP-glucuronosyltransferases --- sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors --- DWP16001 --- kidney distribution --- inhibition mode --- diabetes --- transporter-enzyme interplay --- influx transporter --- efflux transporter --- physiologically based pharmacokinetic model --- cytochrome P450 enzymes --- tiropramide --- healthy Korean subjects --- modeling --- population pharmacokinetic --- quercetin --- breast cancer resistance protein --- inhibitor --- prazosin --- sulfasalazine --- kinetic analysis --- food–drug interactions --- Caco-2 --- EpiIntestinal --- first-pass --- P-gp --- BCRP --- drug transporter --- CYP3A4 --- oral availability --- automatization --- drug absorption --- drug dosing --- head-and-neck cancer --- real-time measurements --- taxanes --- tissue engineering --- UHPLC-MS/MS --- metformin --- verapamil --- drug interaction --- organic cation transporter 2 --- renal excretion --- acute renal failure --- gentamicin --- cisplatin --- hepatic CYP3A1(23) --- creatinine clearance --- renal clearance --- nonrenal clearance

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This is a Special Issue of Metals devoted to aspects of Advances in Mineral Processing and Hydrometallurgy. This includes a global call for article submissions that also included Characterization along with Recycling and Waste Minimization. As such, both primary and recycled aspects will be considered. Possible specific topics included Mineralogy, Geometallurgy, Thermodynamics, Kinetics, Comminution, Classification, Physical Separations, Liquid–Solid Separations, Leaching, Solvent Extraction, Ion Exchange, Activated Carbon, Precipitation, Reduction, Process Economics and Process Control. Suggested application areas were in Gold, Silver, PGM’s, Aluminum, Copper, Zinc, Lead, Nickel, and Titanium. Critical Metals articles on topics such as Lithium, Antimony Tellurium, Gallium, Germanium, Cobalt, Graphite, Indium, and Rare Earth were also welcome. As such, this Special Issue of Metals was well supported by diverse submissions and the final publication of high-quality peer-reviewed articles.

Technology: general issues --- BOS filter cakes --- butyric acid --- selective leaching --- leaching behaviors --- zinc --- iron --- chalcocite --- sulphide leaching --- copper --- reusing water --- desalination residue --- ecological treatment --- leaching --- black copper ore --- copper wad --- copper pitch --- comminution --- grinding circuit --- Swebrec function --- size distribution models --- modelling --- lateritic ore --- iron and steelmaking wastes --- alkalis --- aqueous treatment --- waste treatment --- reducing agent --- manganese --- viscoelasticity --- quartz --- kaolin --- seawater --- magnesium precipitates --- chalcopyrite concentrate --- hydrogen peroxide --- sulfuric acid --- leaching kinetics --- copper tailings --- rheology --- fractal aggregates --- thickening --- MnO2 --- acid media --- ANOVA --- dissolution --- arsenic --- trisulfide --- copper sulfate --- kinetics --- shrinking core model --- time-to-a-given-fraction kinetics analysis --- silica recovery --- column flotation --- mining waste --- waste reprocessing --- CuFeS2 --- chloride media --- manganese nodules --- thiosulfate --- gold leaching --- silver leaching --- kinetic analysis --- sedimentary ore --- diffusion control --- mixed control --- chalcopyrite --- ionic liquid --- bromide --- seawater flotation --- pyrite depression --- guar gum --- FBRM --- clay-based copper tailings --- fractal dimension --- mixing intensity --- population balance model --- seawater flocculation --- platinum-group metal --- metal precipitation --- ion-pair --- aliphatic primary amine --- hydrochloric acid --- enhanced flocculation --- water recovering --- magnesium removal --- shredded waste printed circuit boards --- precious metals --- bromine --- platinum group elements --- catalytic converters --- acidic fusion --- acidic leaching --- sulfation --- n/a --- nitrate --- gas scrubbing --- recovery --- gold --- refractory --- nitric acid --- microwave --- coal fly ash --- sandy grade alumina --- AlCl3·6H2O --- crystallization --- salting-out method --- gibbsite --- precipitation --- electric arc furnace dust --- monosodium glutamate --- ammonia leaching --- high-pressure leaching --- copper extraction --- silver extraction --- desilication --- malachite --- carbonate --- ammonium hydroxide --- heterogeneous model --- rare earth elements --- NdFeB permanent magnet --- hydrometallurgical --- electrodialysis (ED) --- lithium --- lithium-ion battery --- lithium sulfate --- multistage concentration (MSC) --- gold cyanide leaching --- sulfide minerals --- SART process --- cyanidation --- activated carbon --- metal–cyanide complex --- copper ore --- carbon in pulp (CIP), agitated tank --- cyanide complexes --- metal-cyanide complex