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This incisive intellectual history of Japanese social science from the 1890s to the present day considers the various forms of modernity that the processes of "development" or "rationalization" have engendered and the role social scientists have played in their emergence. Andrew E. Barshay argues that Japan, together with Germany and pre-revolutionary Russia, represented forms of developmental alienation from the Atlantic Rim symptomatic of late-emerging empires. Neither members nor colonies of the Atlantic Rim, these were independent national societies whose cultural self-image was nevertheless marked by a sense of difference. Barshay presents a historical overview of major Japanese trends and treats two of the most powerful streams of Japanese social science, one associated with Marxism, the other with Modernism (kindaishugi), whose most representative figure is the late Maruyama Masao. Demonstrating that a sense of developmental alienation shaped the thinking of social scientists in both streams, the author argues that they provided Japanese social science with moments of shared self-understanding.

Political culture --- Democracy --- Socialism --- Intellectuals --- Social sciences --- Culture --- Political science --- Intelligentsia --- Persons --- Social classes --- Specialists --- Behavioral sciences --- Human sciences --- Sciences, Social --- Social science --- Social studies --- Civilization --- History. --- atlantic rim. --- civil society. --- cultural self image. --- development. --- developmental alienation. --- empires. --- ethics. --- germany. --- japan. --- japanese capitalism. --- japanese culture. --- japanese empire. --- japanese social sciences. --- japanese society. --- kindaishugi. --- maruyama masao. --- marxism. --- modernism. --- modernity. --- national society. --- political economy. --- political thinker. --- politics. --- postwar japan. --- pre revolutionary russia. --- rationalization. --- self understanding. --- sense of difference. --- uno kozo.