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Ketones --- Imines --- Organohalogen compounds --- Cétones --- Composés organohalogènes --- Halogen organic compounds --- Halogenated organic compounds --- Halogen compounds --- Organic compounds --- Diketones --- Oxo compounds --- Ketoacidosis --- Ketonuria --- Organonitrogen compounds --- Imines. --- Ketones. --- Organohalogen compounds. --- Cétones --- Composés organohalogènes

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Corinna Reisinger has developed a new organocatalytic asymmetric epoxidation of cyclic and acyclic α,β-unsaturated ketones. In this thesis, Corinna documents her methodology, using primary amine salts as catalysts, and hydrogen peroxide as an inexpensive and environmentally benign oxidant. She describes the unprecedented and powerful catalytic asymmetric hydro­peroxi­dation of α,β-enones, a process which produces optically active five-membered cyclic peroxyhemiketals in a single operation. She also proves the versatility and synthetic value of the cyclic peroxyhemiketals by converting them into highly enantioenriched acyclic and cyclic aldol products. Currently, these cyclic aldol products are inaccessible by any other synthetic means. Furthermore, cyclic peroxyhemiketals are precursors to optically active 1,2-dioxolanes which are of biological relevance. This work is a breakthrough in the field of asymmetric epoxidation chemistry and outlines the most efficient method in the literature for generating highly enantioselective cyclic epoxyketones known to date.

Asymmetric synthesis. --- Catalysis. --- Organic compounds -- Synthesis. --- Ketones --- Chemistry --- Physical Sciences & Mathematics --- Organic Chemistry --- Biochemistry --- Organic compounds --- Ketones. --- Synthesis. --- Diketones --- Chemistry, Organic --- Chemistry, Synthetic organic --- Organic synthesis (Chemistry) --- Synthetic organic chemistry --- Asymmetric induction --- Induction, Asymmetric --- Synthesis, Asymmetric --- Synthesis --- Chemistry. --- Organic chemistry. --- Chemical engineering. --- Organic Chemistry. --- Industrial Chemistry/Chemical Engineering. --- Activation (Chemistry) --- Chemistry, Physical and theoretical --- Surface chemistry --- Oxo compounds --- Ketoacidosis --- Ketonuria --- Asymmetry (Chemistry)

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This thesis addresses two fundamental areas in contemporary organic chemistry: synthesis of natural products and catalytic asymmetric synthesis. Firstly, a new methodology, developed by our research group, which allows the asymmetric synthesis of lactones, a structural unit ubiquitous in natural products, was utilised in the synthesis of a number of natural product analogues that showed significant biological activity. Secondly, the development of a catalytic asymmetric synthesis of a key structural motif present in a number of natural products and pharmaceuticals was accomplished. During the course of this work we discovered dual stereocontrol, which is significant because it allows the configuration of a new stereocentre to be controlled by a simple change of proton source.

Chemistry. --- Organic Chemistry. --- Catalysis. --- Medicinal Chemistry. --- Chemistry, Organic. --- Biochemistry. --- Chimie --- Chimie organique --- Biochimie --- Catalyse --- Chemistry --- Physical Sciences & Mathematics --- Biochemistry --- Asymmetric synthesis. --- Biosynthesis. --- Ketones. --- Diketones --- Biological synthesis --- Synthesis, Biological --- Asymmetric induction --- Induction, Asymmetric --- Synthesis, Asymmetric --- Organic chemistry. --- Medicinal chemistry. --- Biochemical engineering --- Organic compounds --- Biochemical templates --- Asymmetry (Chemistry) --- Oxo compounds --- Ketoacidosis --- Ketonuria --- Synthesis --- Organic chemistry --- Biological chemistry --- Chemical composition of organisms --- Organisms --- Physiological chemistry --- Biology --- Medical sciences --- Activation (Chemistry) --- Chemistry, Physical and theoretical --- Surface chemistry --- Composition --- Synthetic biology --- Chemistry, Medical and pharmaceutical --- Chemistry, Pharmaceutical --- Drug chemistry --- Drugs --- Medical chemistry --- Medicinal chemistry --- Pharmacochemistry

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Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is one of the most common adverse medical conditions that occurs during pregnancy, and its prevalence is rising as part of a diabetes pandemic. Nutrition plays a key role in GDM, whether (1) as part of an ‘unhealthy’ diet, which contributes to its cause, or (2) as part of changes in dietary intake, which act as the frontline treatment for GDM (sometimes supplemented with exercise and pharmacological intervention). Dietary changes, therefore, can alter the risk of developing GDM in the first place, and once GDM has emerged during pregnancy, dietary changes can mitigate the risk of developing GDM-related complications, such as macrosomia, respiratory distress, hypoglycemia and jaundice in the neonate, pre eclampsia, increased need for caesarean section and placental abruption in the mother. In this Special Issue, we aim to highlight the role of nutrition in the aetiology of GDM, whether directly or indirectly through weight gain and obesity, and in its role as a GDM treatment to lower hyperglycemia and the risk of the aforementioned complications.

Research & information: general --- Biology, life sciences --- Food & society --- microbiome --- pregnancy --- obesity --- ketonuria --- Roseburia --- diet --- food frequency questionnaire --- glucose --- insulin secretion --- human milk --- breastfeeding --- gestational diabetes mellitus --- insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus --- preterm newborn --- gestational diabetes --- dietary patterns --- maternal nutrition --- dietary adaptations --- glycemic index --- postprandial glycemic response --- blood glucose prediction --- diabetes --- gestational weight gain --- macrosomia --- adiposity --- neonate --- exercise --- physical activity --- dietary carbohydrates --- diabetes-specific formula --- continuous glucose monitoring --- glycemic variability --- carbohydrate distribution --- mean amplitude of glucose --- breakfast diet --- platelet-activating factor --- tumor necrosis factor α --- methylglyoxal --- glycated albumin --- endocrine disruptors --- endocrine-disrupting chemicals --- bisphenol A --- BPA --- phthalates --- pregnancy outcomes --- eating speed --- cohort study --- prevention --- nutrition --- polyphenolic compounds --- bioactive compounds --- leptin resistance --- inflammation --- Mediterranean diet --- microbiome --- pregnancy --- obesity --- ketonuria --- Roseburia --- diet --- food frequency questionnaire --- glucose --- insulin secretion --- human milk --- breastfeeding --- gestational diabetes mellitus --- insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus --- preterm newborn --- gestational diabetes --- dietary patterns --- maternal nutrition --- dietary adaptations --- glycemic index --- postprandial glycemic response --- blood glucose prediction --- diabetes --- gestational weight gain --- macrosomia --- adiposity --- neonate --- exercise --- physical activity --- dietary carbohydrates --- diabetes-specific formula --- continuous glucose monitoring --- glycemic variability --- carbohydrate distribution --- mean amplitude of glucose --- breakfast diet --- platelet-activating factor --- tumor necrosis factor α --- methylglyoxal --- glycated albumin --- endocrine disruptors --- endocrine-disrupting chemicals --- bisphenol A --- BPA --- phthalates --- pregnancy outcomes --- eating speed --- cohort study --- prevention --- nutrition --- polyphenolic compounds --- bioactive compounds --- leptin resistance --- inflammation --- Mediterranean diet

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Cell metabolism --- Cells --- Metabolic Diseases --- Homeostasis --- metabolism --- Metabolic Diseases. --- Homeostasis. --- Cellules --- Cell metabolism. --- Métabolisme cellulaire. --- metabolism. --- Métabolisme --- Autoregulation --- Diseases, Metabolic --- Thesaurismosis --- Disease, Metabolic --- Metabolic Disease --- Thesaurismoses --- Metabolism --- Cell --- Cell Biology --- Cellular control mechanisms --- Métabolisme cellulaire. --- Métabolisme --- Cytology --- cells. --- metabolic diseases. --- homeostasis. --- biochemistry --- physiology --- anabolism --- biocatalysis --- biosynthesis --- carbohydrate metabolism --- carbon metabolism --- catabolism --- catabolite repression --- copper metabolism --- dealkylation --- energy metabolism --- hormone metabolism --- lipid metabolism --- metabolic detoxification --- metabolic sequestration --- mineral metabolism --- nitrogen metabolism --- pharmacokinetics --- protein metabolism --- steroid metabolism --- vitamin metabolism --- water metabolism --- metabolic flux analysis --- metabolic studies --- metabolites --- metabolome --- metabolomics --- oxidative stress --- cell biology --- acinar cells --- adipocytes --- aleurone cells --- antigen-presenting cells --- bacteriocytes --- blood cells --- bone marrow cells --- bundle sheath cells --- chondrocytes --- chromaffin cells --- chromatophores --- coelomocytes --- cultured cells --- endothelial cells --- epithelial cells --- eukaryotic cells --- fibroblasts --- germ cells --- giant cells --- gonadotropic cells --- granulosa cells --- guard cells --- hemocytes --- hepatocytes --- islets of Langerhans --- keratinocytes --- kidney cells --- Leydig cells --- luteal cells --- mast cells --- myocytes --- neoplasm cells --- neurosecretory cells --- nurse cells --- osteoblasts --- osteoclasts --- phagocytes --- plant root cells --- prokaryotic cells --- Schwann cells --- Sertoli cells --- somatic cells --- splenocytes --- spores --- stem cells --- stromal cells --- tenocytes --- teratocytes --- thecal cells --- vegetative cells --- artificial cells --- cell transplantation --- cell viability --- cellular microenvironment --- physiological regulation --- autoregulation --- glucagon-like peptide 2 --- glucoregulation --- glucose tolerance tests --- metabolic disorders --- noninfectious diseases --- acidosis --- alkalosis --- calcinosis --- carbohydrate metabolism disorders --- dehydration (animal physiology) --- developmental orthopedic disease --- diabetes --- hypercalcemia --- hyperinsulinemia --- hyperkalemia --- hyperketonemia --- hypocalcemia --- hypokalemia --- hypomagnesemia --- hyponatremia --- inherited metabolic diseases --- iron overload --- ketonemia --- ketonuria --- lipid metabolism disorders --- osteomalacia --- refeeding syndrome --- uremia --- malnutrition --- Metabolisme cel·lular --- Citologia --- Homeòstasi