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Afghanistan --- Description and travel --- BPB1005 --- Αφγανιστάν --- Afganistán --- An Afganastáin --- l-Afganistan --- Afganistan --- Афганистан --- Afeganistão --- Afganistani --- Afganistanas --- Afganistāna --- Afganisztán --- Afghánistán --- Авганистан --- República Islámica de Afganistán --- Islamska republika Afganistan --- ir-Repubblika Islamika tal-Afganistan --- Afganistānas Islāma Valsts --- Islamic Republic of Afghanistan --- Republika Islamike e Afganistanit --- Afganská islamská republika --- Islamiska republiken Afghanistan --- Islamska Država Afganistan --- Afgánská republika --- Afganisztáni Iszlám Köztársaság --- Afganistano Islamo Respublika --- República Islâmica do Afeganistão --- Islamitische Republiek Afghanistan --- Afganistani Islamivabariik --- Islámský stát Afganistan --- Republica Islamică Afganistan --- Islamskie Państwo Afganistanu --- Afganistanin islamilainen tasavalta --- die Islamische Republik Afghanistan --- République islamique d’Afghanistan --- Den Islamiske Republik Afghanistan --- Repubblica islamica d’Afghanistan --- Ισλαμική Δημοκρατία του Αφγανιστάν --- Afgán Iszlám Köztársaság --- Исламска Република Авганистан --- Récits

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Iraq recovered its full sovereignty at the end of 2011, with the departure of all US military forces. The 2003 invasion was undertaken to dismantle a regime that had long threatened its own population and regional peace, as well as to establish a stable, democratic state in the heart of the Middle East. This Adelphi looks at the legacy of that intervention and subsequent state-building efforts. It analyses the evolution of the insurgency, the descent into full-scale civil war and the implementation of the 'surge' as a counterinsurgency strategy. It goes on to examine US and Iraqi efforts to reconstruct the state's military and civilian capacity. By developing a clear understanding of the current situation in Iraq, this book seeks to answer three questions that are central to the country's future. Will it continue to suffer high levels of violence or even slide back into a vicious civil war ? Will Iraq continue on a democratic path, as exemplified by the three competitive national elections held since 2005 ? And does the new Iraq pose a threat to its neighbours ?Bron : http://www.routledge.com

BPB1301 --- Iraq --- An Iaráic --- Ирак --- Irāka --- Irák --- Irak --- Iraque --- l-Iraq --- Iraak --- Ιράκ --- Iraku --- Irakas --- République d’Iraq --- Republika Irak --- Iracká republika --- Irácká republika --- Iraagi Vabariik --- Iraki Köztársaság --- Irakin tasavalta --- Repubblica dell’Iraq --- Irākas Republika --- República do Iraque --- Republikken Irak --- Irako Respublika --- die Republik Irak --- Republic of Iraq --- Republiken Irak --- Република Ирак --- ir-Repubblika tal-Iraq --- Republika Iraku --- República de Iraq --- Republica Irak --- Republiek Irak --- Δημοκρατία του Ιράκ --- Republika e Irakut --- Midden-Oosten --- Politiek --- Oorlog

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Launched in the wake of 9/11, the US-led interventions in Afghanistan and Iraq forced painful transformations in Western militaries. As successful regime-change operations gave way to prolonged insurgencies, these forces confronted wars whose character rapidly developed in unanticipated directions. The US and its allies repeatedly failed to align national ends, ways and means to achieve stabilisation, reconstruction and political progress in Afghanistan and Iraq, before rediscovering counter-insurgency principles established in previous conflicts. The lessons of the wars are likely to continue shaping Western states' approach to intervention and warfare for years to come. This book examines the military evolution of the conflicts, and their implications for the future character of war. It shows why combat remains the core military capability, and explains successful and unsuccessful adaptation by armed forces, especially the essential roles of leadership, culture and organisational agility in promoting 'learning under fire'.

BPB1704 --- 852 Internationale conflicten --- Afghanistan --- Guerre --- Iraq --- An Iaráic --- Ирак --- Irāka --- Irák --- Irak --- Iraque --- l-Iraq --- Iraak --- Ιράκ --- Iraku --- Irakas --- République d’Iraq --- Republika Irak --- Iracká republika --- Irácká republika --- Iraagi Vabariik --- Iraki Köztársaság --- Irakin tasavalta --- Repubblica dell’Iraq --- Irākas Republika --- República do Iraque --- Republikken Irak --- Irako Respublika --- die Republik Irak --- Republic of Iraq --- Republiken Irak --- Република Ирак --- ir-Repubblika tal-Iraq --- Republika Iraku --- República de Iraq --- Republica Irak --- Republiek Irak --- Δημοκρατία του Ιράκ --- Republika e Irakut --- cogadh --- háború --- karas --- rat --- karš --- luftë --- válka --- Krieg --- wojna --- војна --- war --- sota --- krig --- рат --- πόλεμος --- vojna --- война --- război --- guerra --- sõda --- oorlog --- gwerra --- ozbrojený konflikt --- relvastatud konflikt --- fegyveres konfliktus --- väpnad konflikt --- aseellinen selkkaus --- conflitto --- oružani sukob --- válečný konflikt --- conflitto armato --- invasione armata --- bewaffneter Konflikt --- konflikt i armatosur --- εμπόλεμη κατάσταση --- armed conflict --- conflit armé --- ginkluotas konfliktas --- σύρραξη --- apertura delle ostilità --- gewapend conflict --- væbnet konflikt --- bewaffnete Auseinandersetzung --- conflict armat --- relvakonflikt --- dichiarazione di guerra --- conflito armado --- conflicto armado --- ozbrojený útočný čin --- ένοπλη σύγκρουση --- вооружен судир --- Αφγανιστάν --- Afganistán --- An Afganastáin --- l-Afganistan --- Afganistan --- Афганистан --- Afeganistão --- Afganistani --- Afganistanas --- Afganistāna --- Afganisztán --- Afghánistán --- Авганистан --- República Islámica de Afganistán --- Islamska republika Afganistan --- ir-Repubblika Islamika tal-Afganistan --- Afganistānas Islāma Valsts --- Islamic Republic of Afghanistan --- Republika Islamike e Afganistanit --- Afganská islamská republika --- Islamiska republiken Afghanistan --- Islamska Država Afganistan --- Afgánská republika --- Afganisztáni Iszlám Köztársaság --- Afganistano Islamo Respublika --- República Islâmica do Afeganistão --- Islamitische Republiek Afghanistan --- Afganistani Islamivabariik --- Islámský stát Afganistan --- Republica Islamică Afganistan --- Islamskie Państwo Afganistanu --- Afganistanin islamilainen tasavalta --- die Islamische Republik Afghanistan --- République islamique d’Afghanistan --- Den Islamiske Republik Afghanistan --- Repubblica islamica d’Afghanistan --- Ισλαμική Δημοκρατία του Αφγανιστάν --- Afgán Iszlám Köztársaság --- Исламска Република Авганистан --- Polemology

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Malgré une unification récente et en dépit de la relative petitesse de son territoire, l’Italie jouit d’un niveau de reconnaissance très fort dans l’imaginaire collectif en Europe et dans le monde. Ses frontières maritimes très nettes qui dessinent une botte au coeur de la Méditerranée, ses origines glorieuses au temps de l’empire romain, les chefs-d’oeuvre de ses artistes, de ses hommes de lettres et de ses musiciens, son art de vivre entre Dolce Vita et intrépidité sont autant de repères qui composent une image riche, mais où abondent aussi les poncifs. En 100 mots – Carnaval, Design, Economie souterraine, Pizza, Renaissance, SPQR, Vespa… – le présent ouvrage reprend ces clichés, pour les documenter, les dépasser aussi. Il explore ainsi les multiples facettes de cette identité italienne si séduisante et nous propose 100 occasions de (re)découvrir l’Italie.

Italy --- Italie --- Civilization --- Dictionaries --- French --- Civilisation --- Dictionnaires français --- BPB1310 --- Italië --- Dictionnaires français --- French. --- Taliansko --- Itália --- Италија --- Italia --- Italien --- Włochy --- An Iodáil --- Itálie --- Itālija --- Ιταλία --- l-Italja --- Olaszország --- Itaalia --- Italija --- Италия --- Republika Włoska --- República Italiana --- Италианска република --- Olasz Köztársaság --- Republika e Italisë --- Talijanska Republika --- Italian Republic --- Itaalia Vabariik --- Italian tasavalta --- Repubblica italiana --- Itālijas Republika --- ir-Repubblika Taljana --- Italijos Respublika --- Republica Italiană --- Италијанска Република --- Italijanska republika --- Italská republika --- République italienne --- Talianska republika --- Република Италија --- Italiaanse Republiek --- die Italienische Republik --- Republiken Italien --- Den Italienske Republik --- Ιταλική Δημοκρατία --- Italy - Civilization

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Freemasonry --- Franc-maçonnerie --- Social aspects --- Political aspects --- Aspect social --- Aspect politique --- BPB0906 --- France --- Vrijmetselarij --- Frankrijk --- Franc-maçonnerie --- Francuska --- Franciaország --- An Fhrainc --- Frankrig --- Franza --- Frankrike --- Francja --- Franța --- Франция --- Francia --- Francúzsko --- Franca --- Francie --- Francija --- Франција --- Γαλλία --- Француска --- Prantsusmaa --- Prancūzija --- França --- Ranska --- Frankreich --- Ranskan tasavalta --- Republica Franceză --- Francúzska republika --- Prancūzijos Respublika --- Republika Franceze --- Република Франција --- République française --- Republiken Frankrike --- Γαλλική Δημοκρατία --- die Französische Republik --- Francuska Republika --- Franse Republiek --- Француска Република --- French Republic --- Francijas Republika --- ir-Repubblika Franċiża --- Republika Francuska --- Den Franske Republik --- Francia Köztársaság --- República Francesa --- Francouzská republika --- Repubblica francese --- Prantsuse Vabariik --- Francoska republika --- Френска република --- franc-maçonnerie --- rituels --- police --- justice --- affaires sociales --- la Poste --- Veolia --- Crédit agricole --- EDF --- l'Etat